确定日期开始的时间

时间:2013-12-27 18:13:14

标签: perl date datetime time timezone

说我想创建一个每日计划者,我想把这一天分成15分钟。

简单,对吗?刚从午夜开始,......错了!在America / Sao_Paulo,由于夏令时变化,每年的一天从01:00开始。

鉴于时区和日期,如何找到一天开始的纪元时间?

我的第一个想法是使用以下内容,但它假设每天都有23:59。假设每天都有午夜,这可能不是一个假设。

perl -MDateTime -E'
   say
      DateTime->new( year => 2013, month => 10, day => 20 )
      ->subtract( days => 1 )
      ->set( hour => 23, minute => 59 )
      ->set_time_zone("America/Sao_Paulo")
      ->add( minutes => 1 )
      ->strftime("%H:%M");
'
01:00

是否有更强大或更直接的替代方案?

7 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:8)

你认为这是需要共同完成的事情!我怀疑那里有很多错误的代码......

这是一个编码的解决方案,旨在将其纳入DateTime。

use strict;
use warnings;


use DateTime           qw( );
use DateTime::TimeZone qw( );


# Assumption:
#    There is no dt to which one can add time
#    to obtain a dt with an earlier date.

sub day_start {
    my $tz = shift;
    my $dt = shift;

    my $local_rd_days = ( $dt->local_rd_values() )[0];
    my $seconds = $local_rd_days * 24*60*60;

    my $min_idx;
    if ( $seconds < $tz->max_span->[DateTime::TimeZone::LOCAL_END] ) {
        $min_idx = 0;
    } else {
        $min_idx = @{ $tz->{spans} };
        $tz->_generate_spans_until_match( $dt->utc_year()+1, $seconds, 'local' );
    }

    my $max_idx = $#{ $tz->{spans} };

    my $utc_rd_days;
    my $utc_rd_secs;
    while (1) {
        my $current_idx = int( ( $min_idx + $max_idx )/2 );
        my $current = $tz->{spans}[$current_idx];

        if ( $seconds < $current->[DateTime::TimeZone::LOCAL_START] ) {
            $max_idx = $current_idx - 1;
        }
        elsif ( $seconds >= $current->[DateTime::TimeZone::LOCAL_END] ) {
            $min_idx = $current_idx + 1;
        }
        else {
            my $offset = $current->[DateTime::TimeZone::OFFSET];

            # In case of overlaps, always prefer earlier span.
            if ($current->[DateTime::TimeZone::IS_DST] && $current_idx) {
                my $prev = $tz->{spans}[$current_idx-1];
                $offset = $prev->[DateTime::TimeZone::OFFSET]
                    if $seconds >= $prev->[DateTime::TimeZone::LOCAL_START]
                    && $seconds < $prev->[DateTime::TimeZone::LOCAL_END];
            }

            $utc_rd_days = $local_rd_days;
            $utc_rd_secs = -$offset;
            DateTime->_normalize_tai_seconds($utc_rd_days, $utc_rd_secs);
            last;
        }

        if ($min_idx > $max_idx) {
            $current_idx = $min_idx;
            $current = $tz->{spans}[$current_idx];

            if (int( $current->[DateTime::TimeZone::LOCAL_START] / (24*60*60) ) != $local_rd_days) {
                my $err = 'Invalid local time for date';
                $err .= " in time zone: " . $tz->name;
                $err .= "\n";
                die $err;
            }

            $utc_rd_secs = $current->[DateTime::TimeZone::UTC_START] % (24*60*60);
            $utc_rd_days = int( $current->[DateTime::TimeZone::UTC_START] / (24*60*60) );
            last;
        }
    }

    my ($year, $month, $day) = DateTime->_rd2ymd($utc_rd_days);
    my ($hour, $minute, $second) = DateTime->_seconds_as_components($utc_rd_secs);

    return
       $dt
         ->_new_from_self(
             year      => $year,
             month     => $month,
             day       => $day,
             hour      => $hour,
             minute    => $minute,
             second    => $second,
             time_zone => 'UTC',
         )
         ->set_time_zone($tz);
}

测试:

sub new_date {
    my $y = shift;
    my $m = shift;
    my $d = shift;
    return DateTime->new(
        year => $y, month => $m, day => $d,
        @_,
        hour => 0, minute => 0, second => 0, nanosecond => 0,
        time_zone => 'floating'
    );
}


{
    # No midnight.
    my $tz = DateTime::TimeZone->new( name => 'America/Sao_Paulo' );
    my $dt = day_start($tz, new_date(2013, 10, 20));
    print($dt->iso8601(), "\n");     # 2013-10-20T01:00:00
    $dt->subtract( seconds => 1 );
    print($dt->iso8601(), "\n");     # 2013-10-19T23:59:59
}

{
    # Two midnights.
    my $tz = DateTime::TimeZone->new( name => 'America/Havana' );
    my $dt = day_start($tz, new_date(2013, 11, 3));
    print($dt->iso8601(), "\n");     # 2013-11-03T00:00:00
    $dt->subtract( seconds => 1 );
    print($dt->iso8601(), "\n");     # 2013-11-02T23:59:59
}

一个实际的例子,

sub today_as_floating {
    return
        DateTime
            ->now( @_ )
            ->set_time_zone('floating')
            ->truncate( to => 'day' );
}

{
    my $tz = DateTime::TimeZone->new( name => 'local' );
    my $dt = today_as_floating( time_zone => $tz );
    $dt = day_start($tz, $dt);
    print($dt->iso8601(), "\n");
}

答案 1 :(得分:3)

合理的方法是在当天中午12点(中午)开始,并逐步向后工作直到更改日期。同样可以在今天结束时找到。

中午是合适的,因为(AFAIK)所有具有DST的时区都会在半夜发生变化,以尽量减少对人类的影响。据推测,绝大多数人在白天都是清醒的,所以政府在工作时间设置DST变化是愚蠢的。

您希望以15分钟的增量移动以覆盖所有基础。有些时区有:30或45分钟的偏移,有些时区只有30分钟的DST。

现在,如果你要回到古代,这不是最佳解决方案,因为许多时区因DST之外的其他原因进行了调整 - 例如与UTC的初始同步,这可能是几分钟或几秒的奇数值。因此,这应该适用于合理的当前日期,但不适用于所有过去的日期。

如果你想要一些不那么线性的东西,那么算法必须确定日期所属的时区规则的边界间隔,然后用它们来检查它们是否落在有问题的那一天。在source code for Datetime::TimeZone中,我看到它定义了“跨度”的内部概念。您可以使用DateTime::TimeZone->_span_for_datetime查找相关日期所涉及的范围,然后从那里查看开始日期和结束日期。

我不是Perl程序员,所以我会把这个练习留给你或其他人。此外,我检查并且跨度中的值似乎不是unix时间戳,所以我不太确定如何从那里采取它 - 它们似乎没有文档/内部因此我认为这不一定是无论如何,在Perl中都是个好主意。

答案 2 :(得分:3)

Time::Localtimelocal()功能非常聪明,如果您要求午夜的纪元时间,可以在这里做正确的事。 2014年,DST的变化如下:

$ zdump -v America/Sao_Paulo | fgrep 2014
America/Sao_Paulo  Sun Feb 16 01:59:59 2014 UTC = Sat Feb 15 23:59:59 2014 BRST isdst=1 gmtoff=-7200
America/Sao_Paulo  Sun Feb 16 02:00:00 2014 UTC = Sat Feb 15 23:00:00 2014 BRT isdst=0 gmtoff=-10800
America/Sao_Paulo  Sun Oct 19 02:59:59 2014 UTC = Sat Oct 18 23:59:59 2014 BRT isdst=0 gmtoff=-10800
America/Sao_Paulo  Sun Oct 19 03:00:00 2014 UTC = Sun Oct 19 01:00:00 2014 BRST isdst=1 gmtoff=-7200

所以午夜在2014-10-19“失踪”。但是,如果我们实际上要求它的纪元时间,然后将其转换回当地时间:

$ TZ=America/Sao_Paulo perl -MTime::Local -E 'say scalar localtime(timelocal(0, 0, 0, 19, 9, 114))'
Sun Oct 19 01:00:00 2014

之前一秒钟:

$ TZ=America/Sao_Paulo perl -MTime::Local -E 'say scalar localtime(timelocal(0, 0, 0, 19, 9, 114)-1)'
Sat Oct 18 23:59:59 2014

答案 3 :(得分:2)

每个人都错过了真正明显的方法吗?这是当天的午夜。即将秒,分钟和小时设置为零,并从本地时间获取mday,mon和year字段。

use POSIX qw( mktime tzset );
$ENV{TZ} = 'America/Sao_Paulo';
tzset();
my $epoch = mktime( 0, 0, 0, 20, 10-1, 2013-1900 );
print localtime($epoch)."\n";   # Sun Oct 20 01:00:00 2013

答案 4 :(得分:2)

[此功能现在可从DateTimeX::Start ]

获取

以下是仅使用DT的公共方法的解决方案:

sub day_start {
   my ($y, $m, $d, $tz) = @_;

   $tz = DateTime::TimeZone->new( name => $tz )
      if !ref($tz);

   my $dt = DateTime->new( year => $y, month => $m, day => $d );
   my $target_day = ( $dt->utc_rd_values )[0];
   my $min_epoch = int($dt->epoch()/60) - 24*60;
   my $max_epoch = int($dt->epoch()/60) + 24*60;
   while ($max_epoch > $min_epoch) {
      my $epoch = ( $min_epoch + $max_epoch ) >> 1;
      $dt = DateTime->from_epoch( epoch => $epoch*60, time_zone => $tz );
      if (( $dt->local_rd_values )[0] < $target_day) {
         $min_epoch = $epoch;
      } else {
         $max_epoch = $epoch;
      }
   }

   return DateTime->from_epoch(epoch => $max_epoch*60, time_zone => $tz);
}

由于大部分日期都有午夜,因此应在顶部添加支票,以便在不需要时绕过搜索。

假设:

  • 没有人可以增加时间来获得更早的日期。
  • 在UTC没有时区的日期开始时间超过24 * 60 * 60秒。
  • 在UTC开始日期之后,任何时区的日期都不会超过24 * 60 * 60秒。
  • 时区跳转仅发生在零秒的时间。 (优化)

测试:

{
    # No midnight.
    my $tz = DateTime::TimeZone->new( name => 'America/Sao_Paulo' );
    my $dt = day_start(2013, 10, 20, $tz);
    print($dt->epoch, " ", $dt->iso8601, "\n");  # 1382238000 2013-10-20T01:00:00
    $dt->subtract( seconds => 1 );
    print($dt->epoch, " ", $dt->iso8601, "\n");  # 1382237999 2013-10-19T23:59:59
}

{
    # Two midnights.
    my $tz = DateTime::TimeZone->new( name => 'America/Havana' );
    my $dt = day_start(2013, 11, 3, $tz);
    print($dt->epoch, " ", $dt->iso8601, "\n");  # 1383451200 2013-11-03T00:00:00
    $dt->subtract( seconds => 1 );
    print($dt->epoch, " ", $dt->iso8601, "\n");  # 1383451199 2013-11-02T23:59:59
}

答案 5 :(得分:1)

一个(繁琐)可能的解决方案:找出一个保守的时间(例如,23:00:00或23:50:00-唯一重要的部分是在此时间之前没有过去或未来的日期),然后增加该时间直到日期改变:

#Assume $year/$month/$day contain the date one day prior to the target date
my $dt = DateTime->new(
    time_zone => $tz,
    year => $year,
    month => $month,
    day => $day,
    hour => 23,
    minute => 59,
    second => 0,
);
while($dt->year == $year && $dt->month == $month && $dt->day == $day) {
    $dt->add(seconds => 1);
}
#At this point $dt should, if I understand the functioning of DateTime correctly, contain the earliest "valid" time in the target date.

我百分百肯定有更好的解决方案;给定一个没有时间的日期,如果DateTime默认为给定时区的最早有效时间,那么理想情况就是 - 目前所有这些值都默认为零,我不确定它是否会更正值它对那个TZ无效。如果它在内部纠正这些值,那么该解决方案将是非常可取的;可能值得联系DateTime的维护者来查看实际行为是什么,以及如果当前行为是期望的行为,将来是否保证所述行为。

答案 6 :(得分:1)

您可以直接使用DateTime::TimeZone查询有效的本地时间。 DateTime ::如果由于附近的偏移变化导致本地时间不存在,TimeZone会引发异常。

use DateTime;
use DateTime::TimeZone;

my $zone = DateTime::TimeZone->new(name => 'America/Sao_Paulo');
my $dt   = DateTime->new(year => 2013, month => 10, day => 20);

sub valid_local_time {
    eval { $zone->offset_for_local_datetime($dt) };
    return $@ !~ /^Invalid local time/;
}

while (!valid_local_time()) {
    $dt->add(minutes => 15);
}

$dt->set_time_zone($zone);

sub local_time_lt {
    my ($x, $y) = @_;
    return $x->local_rd_as_seconds < $y->local_rd_as_seconds;
}

sub local_time_eq {
    my ($x, $y) = @_;
    return $x->local_rd_as_seconds == $y->local_rd_as_seconds;
}

my $copy = $dt->clone->subtract(seconds => 1);
if (local_time_lt($dt, $copy)) {
    my $delta = $copy->local_rd_as_seconds - $dt->local_rd_as_seconds;
    local_time_eq($dt, $copy->subtract(seconds => $delta))
      or die qq/Could not determine start of day ($dt [${\$zone->name}])/;
    $dt = $copy;
}

print $dt->strftime('%H:%M'), "\n";