我在mysql表中有以下行
+--------------------------------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------------------------------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| created_at | timestamp | YES | MUL | NULL | |
字段
上存在以下索引*************************** 6. row ***************************
Table: My_Table
Non_unique: 1
Key_name: IDX_My_Table_CREATED_AT
Seq_in_index: 1
Column_name: created_at
Collation: A
Cardinality: 273809
Sub_part: NULL
Packed: NULL
Null: YES
Index_type: BTREE
Comment:
Index_comment:
我正在尝试优化以下查询以使用范围条件的IDX_My_Table_CREATED_AT索引
SELECT * FROM My_Table as main_table WHERE ((main_table.created_at >= '2013-07-01 05:00:00') AND (main_table.created_at <= '2013-11-09 05:59:59'))\G
当我在select查询中使用EXPLAIN时,我得到以下内容:
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------------------------+------+---------+------+--------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------------------------+------+---------+------+--------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | main_table | ALL | IDX_My_Table_CREATED_AT | NULL | NULL | NULL | 273809 | Using where |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------------------------+------+---------+------+--------+-------------+
问题是IDX_My_Table_CREATED_AT索引未用于此范围条件,即使它是BTREE索引,因此应该适用于查询。
奇怪的是,如果我在列上尝试单个值查找,则使用索引。
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM My_Table as main_table WHERE (main_table.created_at = '2013-07-01 05:00:00');
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------------------------+---------------------------------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------------------------+---------------------------------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | main_table | ref | IDX_My_Table_CREATED_AT index | IDX_My_Table_CREATED_AT index | 5 | const | 1 | Using where |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------------------------+---------------------------------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
为什么索引不用于范围条件?我已经尝试将查询更改为使用BETWEEN,但这并未改变任何内容。
答案 0 :(得分:9)
答案很简单..
MySQL优化器是基于成本的,优化器计算出全表扫描是获取记录的最佳方式(最便宜)。
因为所需的范围看起来像是查看行(EXPLAIN)和基数的完整表格。这些数字相等。
如果MySQL优化器确实使用索引,相对成本会高得多,因为随机读取(慢)查找记录所需的内容
关于故事的座右铭在这种情况下,全表扫描不是世界末日......只是接受它......