Question

我的数据如下：

some info
some info

[Term]
id: GO:0000001
name: mitochondrion inheritance
namespace: biological_process
def: "The distribution of mitochondria, including the mitochondrial genome, into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between mitochondria and the cy
synonym: "mitochondrial inheritance" EXACT []
is_a: GO:0048308 ! organelle inheritance
is_a: GO:0048311 ! mitochondrion distribution

[Term]
id: GO:0000002
name: mitochondrial genome maintenance
namespace: biological_process
def: "The maintenance of the structure and integrity of the mitochondrial genome; includes replication and segregation of the mitochondrial chromosome." [GOC:ai, GOC:vw]
is_a: GO:0007005 ! mitochondrion organization

[Typedef]
id: regulates
name: regulates
xref: RO:0002211
transitive_over: part_of ! part_of

请注意，该文件的末尾包含空格。

我想要做的是解析以[Term]开头的每个块并获取id，name和namespace。在一天结束时，数组的散列如下：

$VAR = ['GO:0000001' => ["mitochondrion inheritance","biological_process"],
        'GO:0000002' => ["mitochondrial genome maintenance","biological_process"];

我怎样才能解决这个问题？

我坚持使用这段代码：

#!/usr/bin/perl
use Data::Dumper;
my %bighash;
while(<DATA>) {
  chomp;
  my $line = $_;

  my $term = "";
  my $id = "";
  my $name ="";
  my $namespace ="";
  if ($line =~ /^\[Term/) { 
   $term = $line;
  }
  elsif ($line =~ /^id: (.*)/) {
   $id = $1;
  }
  elsif ($line =~ /^name: (.*)/) {
   $name = $1;
  }
  elsif ($line =~ /^namespace: (.*)/) {
   $namespace = $1;
  }
  elsif ($line =~ /$/) {
     $bighash{$id}{$name} = $namespace;
  }

}

print Dumper \%bighash;



__DATA__
some info
some info

[Term]
id: GO:0000001
name: mitochondrion inheritance
namespace: biological_process
def: "The distribution of mitochondria, including the mitochondrial genome, into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between mitochondria and the cy
synonym: "mitochondrial inheritance" EXACT []
is_a: GO:0048308 ! organelle inheritance
is_a: GO:0048311 ! mitochondrion distribution

[Term]
id: GO:0000002
name: mitochondrial genome maintenance
namespace: biological_process
def: "The maintenance of the structure and integrity of the mitochondrial genome; includes replication and segregation of the mitochondrial chromosome." [GOC:ai, GOC:vw]
is_a: GO:0007005 ! mitochondrion organization

[Typedef]
id: regulates
name: regulates
xref: RO:0002211
transitive_over: part_of ! part_of

在此测试：https://eval.in/80497

Answer 1

如果将Perl的输入记录分隔符设置为''（local $/ = '';），则会以段模式读取数据，即以空行分隔的块。接下来，您可以使用正则表达式从该块中捕获所需的部分。例如：

use strict;
use warnings;
use Data::Dumper;

local $/ = '';
my %hash;

while (<DATA>) {
    next unless /^\[Term\]/;

    my ($id)        = /id:\s+(.+)/;
    my ($name)      = /name:\s+(.+)/;
    my ($namespace) = /namespace:\s+(.+)/;

    push @{ $hash{$id} }, ( $name, $namespace );
}

print Dumper \%hash;

__DATA__
[Term]
id: GO:0000001
name: mitochondrion inheritance
namespace: biological_process
def: "The distribution of mitochondria, including the mitochondrial genome, into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between mitochondria and the cy
synonym: "mitochondrial inheritance" EXACT []
is_a: GO:0048308 ! organelle inheritance
is_a: GO:0048311 ! mitochondrion distribution

[Term]
id: GO:0000002
name: mitochondrial genome maintenance
namespace: biological_process
def: "The maintenance of the structure and integrity of the mitochondrial genome; includes replication and segregation of the mitochondrial chromosome." [GOC:ai, GOC:vw]
is_a: GO:0007005 ! mitochondrion organization

[Typedef]
id: regulates
name: regulates
xref: RO:0002211
transitive_over: part_of ! part_of

输出：

$VAR1 = {
          'GO:0000001' => [
                            'mitochondrion inheritance',
                            'biological_process'
                          ],
          'GO:0000002' => [
                            'mitochondrial genome maintenance',
                            'biological_process'
                          ]
        };

希望这有帮助！

Answer 2

这是一个很有用的技巧。 Perl有一个$/变量，用于定义“输入记录分隔符” - 当您使用<DATA>读取输入记录时，它将一直读取，直到遇到设置为$/的任何内容，并且然后返回所有数据。

通常$/设置为换行符，因此<DATA>一次从文件返回一行。但是如果你将它设置为空字符串""，那么每次读取都将返回所有数据，直到下一个空行或一系列空行

$/ = "";
while (<DATA>) {
    chomp;        # remove the trailing newlines
    # $_ now contains a whole blank-line-separated chunk
    if (/^\[Term\]/) {
        ...
        # parse the [Term] chunk here
        ...
    }
}

在循环内部，您可以通过将块拆分成行来解析块，然后拆分:字符串上的每一行以获取键和值。此时，您可以将该块的键和值放入您喜欢的任何类型的结构中。

使用Perl获取分块数据的元素

2 个答案: