我正在将一个CLI库从Ruby移植到Node.js。在我的代码中,我在必要时执行几个第三方二进制文件。我不确定在Node中如何最好地完成此任务。
这是Ruby中的一个示例,我将PrinceXML称为将文件转换为PDF:
cmd = system("prince -v builds/pdf/book.html -o builds/pdf/book.pdf")
Node中的等效代码是什么?
答案 0 :(得分:872)
对于更新版本的Node.js(v8.1.4),事件和调用与旧版本类似或相同,但鼓励使用标准的新语言功能。例子:
对于缓冲的非流格式化输出(您可以一次性完成所有操作),请使用child_process.exec
:
const { exec } = require('child_process');
exec('cat *.js bad_file | wc -l', (err, stdout, stderr) => {
if (err) {
// node couldn't execute the command
return;
}
// the *entire* stdout and stderr (buffered)
console.log(`stdout: ${stdout}`);
console.log(`stderr: ${stderr}`);
});
您也可以将它与Promises一起使用:
const util = require('util');
const exec = util.promisify(require('child_process').exec);
async function ls() {
const { stdout, stderr } = await exec('ls');
console.log('stdout:', stdout);
console.log('stderr:', stderr);
}
ls();
如果您希望以块的形式逐渐接收数据(以流形式输出),请使用child_process.spawn
:
const { spawn } = require('child_process');
const child = spawn('ls', ['-lh', '/usr']);
// use child.stdout.setEncoding('utf8'); if you want text chunks
child.stdout.on('data', (chunk) => {
// data from standard output is here as buffers
});
// since these are streams, you can pipe them elsewhere
child.stderr.pipe(dest);
child.on('close', (code) => {
console.log(`child process exited with code ${code}`);
});
这两个功能都有同步对应物。 child_process.execSync
的示例:
const { execSync } = require('child_process');
// stderr is sent to stderr of parent process
// you can set options.stdio if you want it to go elsewhere
let stdout = execSync('ls');
const { spawnSync} = require('child_process');
const child = spawnSync('ls', ['-lh', '/usr']);
console.log('error', child.error);
console.log('stdout ', child.stdout);
console.log('stderr ', child.stderr);
注意:以下代码仍然有效,但主要针对ES5及之前的用户。
documentation(v5.0.0)中详细记录了使用Node.js生成子进程的模块。要执行命令并将其完整输出作为缓冲区获取,请使用child_process.exec
:
var exec = require('child_process').exec;
var cmd = 'prince -v builds/pdf/book.html -o builds/pdf/book.pdf';
exec(cmd, function(error, stdout, stderr) {
// command output is in stdout
});
如果您需要对流使用句柄处理I / O,例如当您需要大量输出时,请使用child_process.spawn
:
var spawn = require('child_process').spawn;
var child = spawn('prince', [
'-v', 'builds/pdf/book.html',
'-o', 'builds/pdf/book.pdf'
]);
child.stdout.on('data', function(chunk) {
// output will be here in chunks
});
// or if you want to send output elsewhere
child.stdout.pipe(dest);
如果您正在执行文件而不是命令,则可能需要使用child_process.execFile
,哪些参数几乎与spawn
相同,但有第四个回调参数,如exec
用于检索输出缓冲区。这可能看起来像这样:
var execFile = require('child_process').execFile;
execFile(file, args, options, function(error, stdout, stderr) {
// command output is in stdout
});
从v0.11.12开始,Node现在支持同步spawn
和exec
。上述所有方法都是异步的,并且具有同步对应物。可以找到他们的文档here。虽然它们对脚本很有用,但请注意,与用于异步生成子进程的方法不同,同步方法不返回ChildProcess
的实例。
答案 1 :(得分:211)
v12.2.0
,LTS v10.15.3
和v8.16.0
--- 2019年5月异步方法(Unix):
'use strict';
const
{ spawn } = require( 'child_process' ),
ls = spawn( 'ls', [ '-lh', '/usr' ] );
ls.stdout.on( 'data', data => {
console.log( `stdout: ${data}` );
} );
ls.stderr.on( 'data', data => {
console.log( `stderr: ${data}` );
} );
ls.on( 'close', code => {
console.log( `child process exited with code ${code}` );
} );
异步方法(Windows):
'use strict';
const
{ spawn } = require( 'child_process' ),
dir = spawn( 'dir', [ '.' ] );
dir.stdout.on( 'data', data => console.log( `stdout: ${data}` ) );
dir.stderr.on( 'data', data => console.log( `stderr: ${data}` ) );
dir.on( 'close', code => console.log( `child process exited with code ${code}` ) );
同步强>
'use strict';
const
{ spawnSync } = require( 'child_process' ),
ls = spawnSync( 'ls', [ '-lh', '/usr' ] );
console.log( `stderr: ${ls.stderr.toString()}` );
console.log( `stdout: ${ls.stdout.toString()}` );
来自Node.js v12.2.0 Documentation
Node.js v10.15.3 Documentation和Node.js v8.16.0 Documentation
也是如此答案 2 :(得分:63)
您正在寻找child_process.exec
以下是示例:
const exec = require('child_process').exec;
const child = exec('cat *.js bad_file | wc -l',
(error, stdout, stderr) => {
console.log(`stdout: ${stdout}`);
console.log(`stderr: ${stderr}`);
if (error !== null) {
console.log(`exec error: ${error}`);
}
});
答案 3 :(得分:26)
y
答案 4 :(得分:18)
如果您想要的东西与top answer非常相似,但也是同步的,那么这将有效。
var execSync = require('child_process').execSync;
var cmd = "echo 'hello world'";
var options = {
encoding: 'utf8'
};
console.log(execSync(cmd, options));
答案 5 :(得分:17)
从版本4开始,最接近的替代方法是child_process.execSync
方法:
const {execSync} = require('child_process');
let output = execSync('prince -v builds/pdf/book.html -o builds/pdf/book.pdf');
请注意,此方法会阻止事件循环。
答案 6 :(得分:13)
我刚刚写了一个Cli助手来轻松处理Unix / windows。
<强>使用Javascript:强>
define(["require", "exports"], function (require, exports) {
/**
* Helper to use the Command Line Interface (CLI) easily with both Windows and Unix environments.
* Requires underscore or lodash as global through "_".
*/
var Cli = (function () {
function Cli() {}
/**
* Execute a CLI command.
* Manage Windows and Unix environment and try to execute the command on both env if fails.
* Order: Windows -> Unix.
*
* @param command Command to execute. ('grunt')
* @param args Args of the command. ('watch')
* @param callback Success.
* @param callbackErrorWindows Failure on Windows env.
* @param callbackErrorUnix Failure on Unix env.
*/
Cli.execute = function (command, args, callback, callbackErrorWindows, callbackErrorUnix) {
if (typeof args === "undefined") {
args = [];
}
Cli.windows(command, args, callback, function () {
callbackErrorWindows();
try {
Cli.unix(command, args, callback, callbackErrorUnix);
} catch (e) {
console.log('------------- Failed to perform the command: "' + command + '" on all environments. -------------');
}
});
};
/**
* Execute a command on Windows environment.
*
* @param command Command to execute. ('grunt')
* @param args Args of the command. ('watch')
* @param callback Success callback.
* @param callbackError Failure callback.
*/
Cli.windows = function (command, args, callback, callbackError) {
if (typeof args === "undefined") {
args = [];
}
try {
Cli._execute(process.env.comspec, _.union(['/c', command], args));
callback(command, args, 'Windows');
} catch (e) {
callbackError(command, args, 'Windows');
}
};
/**
* Execute a command on Unix environment.
*
* @param command Command to execute. ('grunt')
* @param args Args of the command. ('watch')
* @param callback Success callback.
* @param callbackError Failure callback.
*/
Cli.unix = function (command, args, callback, callbackError) {
if (typeof args === "undefined") {
args = [];
}
try {
Cli._execute(command, args);
callback(command, args, 'Unix');
} catch (e) {
callbackError(command, args, 'Unix');
}
};
/**
* Execute a command no matters what's the environment.
*
* @param command Command to execute. ('grunt')
* @param args Args of the command. ('watch')
* @private
*/
Cli._execute = function (command, args) {
var spawn = require('child_process').spawn;
var childProcess = spawn(command, args);
childProcess.stdout.on("data", function (data) {
console.log(data.toString());
});
childProcess.stderr.on("data", function (data) {
console.error(data.toString());
});
};
return Cli;
})();
exports.Cli = Cli;
});
打字稿原始源文件:
/**
* Helper to use the Command Line Interface (CLI) easily with both Windows and Unix environments.
* Requires underscore or lodash as global through "_".
*/
export class Cli {
/**
* Execute a CLI command.
* Manage Windows and Unix environment and try to execute the command on both env if fails.
* Order: Windows -> Unix.
*
* @param command Command to execute. ('grunt')
* @param args Args of the command. ('watch')
* @param callback Success.
* @param callbackErrorWindows Failure on Windows env.
* @param callbackErrorUnix Failure on Unix env.
*/
public static execute(command: string, args: string[] = [], callback ? : any, callbackErrorWindows ? : any, callbackErrorUnix ? : any) {
Cli.windows(command, args, callback, function () {
callbackErrorWindows();
try {
Cli.unix(command, args, callback, callbackErrorUnix);
} catch (e) {
console.log('------------- Failed to perform the command: "' + command + '" on all environments. -------------');
}
});
}
/**
* Execute a command on Windows environment.
*
* @param command Command to execute. ('grunt')
* @param args Args of the command. ('watch')
* @param callback Success callback.
* @param callbackError Failure callback.
*/
public static windows(command: string, args: string[] = [], callback ? : any, callbackError ? : any) {
try {
Cli._execute(process.env.comspec, _.union(['/c', command], args));
callback(command, args, 'Windows');
} catch (e) {
callbackError(command, args, 'Windows');
}
}
/**
* Execute a command on Unix environment.
*
* @param command Command to execute. ('grunt')
* @param args Args of the command. ('watch')
* @param callback Success callback.
* @param callbackError Failure callback.
*/
public static unix(command: string, args: string[] = [], callback ? : any, callbackError ? : any) {
try {
Cli._execute(command, args);
callback(command, args, 'Unix');
} catch (e) {
callbackError(command, args, 'Unix');
}
}
/**
* Execute a command no matters what's the environment.
*
* @param command Command to execute. ('grunt')
* @param args Args of the command. ('watch')
* @private
*/
private static _execute(command, args) {
var spawn = require('child_process').spawn;
var childProcess = spawn(command, args);
childProcess.stdout.on("data", function (data) {
console.log(data.toString());
});
childProcess.stderr.on("data", function (data) {
console.error(data.toString());
});
}
}
Example of use:
Cli.execute(Grunt._command, args, function (command, args, env) {
console.log('Grunt has been automatically executed. (' + env + ')');
}, function (command, args, env) {
console.error('------------- Windows "' + command + '" command failed, trying Unix... ---------------');
}, function (command, args, env) {
console.error('------------- Unix "' + command + '" command failed too. ---------------');
});
答案 7 :(得分:5)
如果您不介意依赖项,而是想使用Promise,child-process-promise
可以起作用:
安装
npm install child-process-promise --save
exec用法
var exec = require('child-process-promise').exec;
exec('echo hello')
.then(function (result) {
var stdout = result.stdout;
var stderr = result.stderr;
console.log('stdout: ', stdout);
console.log('stderr: ', stderr);
})
.catch(function (err) {
console.error('ERROR: ', err);
});
衍生使用
var spawn = require('child-process-promise').spawn;
var promise = spawn('echo', ['hello']);
var childProcess = promise.childProcess;
console.log('[spawn] childProcess.pid: ', childProcess.pid);
childProcess.stdout.on('data', function (data) {
console.log('[spawn] stdout: ', data.toString());
});
childProcess.stderr.on('data', function (data) {
console.log('[spawn] stderr: ', data.toString());
});
promise.then(function () {
console.log('[spawn] done!');
})
.catch(function (err) {
console.error('[spawn] ERROR: ', err);
});
答案 8 :(得分:2)
现在,您可以按如下方式使用shelljs(来自节点v4):
var shell = require('shelljs');
shell.echo('hello world');
shell.exec('node --version')
答案 9 :(得分:1)
@ hexacyanide的回答几乎是完整的。
在Windows上,命令prince
可以是prince.exe
,prince.cmd
,prince.bat
或仅prince
(我不知道如何捆绑宝石,但是npm垃圾箱附带一个sh脚本和一个批处理脚本 - npm
和npm.cmd
)。
如果你想编写一个可在Unix和Windows上运行的可移植脚本,你必须生成正确的可执行文件。
这是一个简单但可移植的spawn函数:
function spawn(cmd, args, opt) {
var isWindows = /win/.test(process.platform);
if ( isWindows ) {
if ( !args ) args = [];
args.unshift(cmd);
args.unshift('/c');
cmd = process.env.comspec;
}
return child_process.spawn(cmd, args, opt);
}
var cmd = spawn("prince", ["-v", "builds/pdf/book.html", "-o", "builds/pdf/book.pdf"])
// Use these props to get execution results:
// cmd.stdin;
// cmd.stdout;
// cmd.stderr;
答案 10 :(得分:1)
使用此轻量级npm
软件包: system-commands
看看here。
这样导入:
const system = require('system-commands')
运行如下命令:
system('ls').then(output => {
console.log(output)
}).catch(error => {
console.error(error)
})
答案 11 :(得分:-1)
您可以使用execa。
例如,作为承诺:
const execa = require('execa')
execa('cat *.js bad_file').then(
(childProcessResult) => {
//onFulfilled
console.log('Success!', childProcessResult)
},
(childProcessResult) => {
//onRejected
console.log('Error!', childProcessResult)
}
)
Execa通过以下方式改进了child_process
方法:
stdout.trim()
。