无法构建本机扩展

时间：2013-12-16 03:33:21

标签： ruby-on-rails postgresql heroku sqlite

我是rails的新手，并尝试从SQLite3将默认数据库切换为Postgres。我遇到了一个错误。我正在使用gem install pg并收到此错误错误：安装pg时出错：错误：无法构建gem本机扩展。我正在使用Mavericks OSX和Ruby 1.9.3，Rails 3.2.12和PG 9.3--目标是将一个示例应用程序部署到heroku（它似乎不支持SQLite。

我尝试过的步骤：

链接1：Installing PG gem on OS X - failure to build native extension

link 2（heroku说明）：https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/sqlite3

编辑包含以下特定错误消息：

HEAD https://rubygems.org/latest_specs.4.8.gz
302 Moved Temporarily
HEAD https://s3.amazonaws.com/production.s3.rubygems.org/latest_specs.4.8.gz
304 Not Modified
HEAD https://rubygems.org/specs.4.8.gz
302 Moved Temporarily
HEAD https://s3.amazonaws.com/production.s3.rubygems.org/specs.4.8.gz
304 Not Modified
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/.gemtest
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/BSDL
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ChangeLog
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/Contributors.rdoc
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/History.rdoc
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/LICENSE
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/Manifest.txt
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/POSTGRES
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/README-OS_X.rdoc
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/README-Windows.rdoc
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/README.ja.rdoc
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/README.rdoc
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/Rakefile
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/Rakefile.cross
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/errorcodes.def
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/errorcodes.rb
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/errorcodes.txt
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/extconf.rb
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/gvl_wrappers.c
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/gvl_wrappers.h
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/pg.c
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/pg.h
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/pg_connection.c
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/pg_errors.c
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/pg_result.c
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/vc/pg.sln
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/vc/pg_18/pg.vcproj
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/vc/pg_19/pg_19.vcproj
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/lib/pg.rb
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/lib/pg/connection.rb
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/lib/pg/constants.rb
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/lib/pg/exceptions.rb
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/lib/pg/result.rb
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/array_insert.rb
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/async_api.rb
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/async_copyto.rb
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/async_mixed.rb
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/check_conn.rb
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/copyfrom.rb
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/copyto.rb
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/cursor.rb
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/disk_usage_report.rb
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/issue-119.rb
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/losample.rb
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/minimal-testcase.rb
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/notify_wait.rb
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/pg_statistics.rb
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/replication_monitor.rb
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/test_binary_values.rb
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/wal_shipper.rb
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/warehouse_partitions.rb
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/spec/data/expected_trace.out
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/spec/data/random_binary_data
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/spec/lib/helpers.rb
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/spec/pg/connection_spec.rb
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/spec/pg/result_spec.rb
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/spec/pg_spec.rb
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p392/bin/ruby extconf.rb
checking for pg_config... yes
Using config values from /usr/local/bin/pg_config
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of
necessary libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more
details.  You may need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
    --with-opt-dir
    --without-opt-dir
    --with-opt-include
    --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
    --with-opt-lib
    --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
    --with-make-prog
    --without-make-prog
    --srcdir=.
    --curdir
    --ruby=/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p392/bin/ruby
    --with-pg
    --without-pg
    --with-pg-config
    --without-pg-config
    --with-pg_config
    --without-pg_config
    --with-pg-dir
    --without-pg-dir
    --with-pg-include
    --without-pg-include=${pg-dir}/include
    --with-pg-lib
    --without-pg-lib=${pg-dir}/lib
/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p392/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:381:in `try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)
You have to install development tools first.
    from /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p392/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:461:in `try_link0'
    from /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p392/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:476:in `try_link'
    from extconf.rb:39:in `<main>'
ERROR:  Error installing pg:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    Building has failed. See above output for more information on the failure.

Gem files will remain installed in /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p392/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/pg-0.17.0 for inspection.
Results logged to /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p392/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/gem_make.out

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：1)

它正在尝试构建gem pg，其中包含C或C ++代码，并且编译阶段不起作用。在OS X下，您必须安装XCode或通过其他方式获取编译器，并且您用于运行bundle install的shell必须在其路径中包含编译器。我在OS X下多次编译pg，但我还没有升级到Mavericks。

如果您安装了XCode，则上述段落不适用。如果您尝试gem install pg，您将获得有关出现问题的其他信息。试试并发布结果。

关键是“你必须先安装开发工具。”这是一个强有力的暗示，你没有适当的编译器。 This page表示XCode必须是v5.01或更高版本。

答案 1 :(得分：1)

感谢大家的帮助。我在终端

中运行以下命令解决了具体问题 
brew install apple-gcc42

为了澄清，我有最新的XCode（带命令行）和Mavericks，Ruby 1.9.3，Rails 3.2.12和PG 9.3。我不确定为什么当我已安装命令行工具时，该特定命令有效。

输出的一个变化 
gcc--version

是--prefix=/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr

更改为

--prefix=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr

同样，这种变化在实践中起作用，但我不确定为什么会这样做。

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