我正在编写一个shell脚本(将成为一个cronjob):
1:转储我的生产数据库
2:将转储导入我的开发数据库
在第1步和第2步之间,我需要清除开发数据库(删除所有表?)。如何从shell脚本中最好地完成?到目前为止,它看起来像这样:
#!/bin/bash
time=`date '+%Y'-'%m'-'%d'`
# 1. export(dump) the current production database
pg_dump -U production_db_name > /backup/dir/backup-${time}.sql
# missing step: drop all tables from development database so it can be re-populated
# 2. load the backup into the development database
psql -U development_db_name < backup/dir/backup-${time}.sql
答案 0 :(得分:156)
我只是删除数据库然后重新创建它。在UNIX或Linux系统上,应该这样做:
$ dropdb development_db_name
$ createdb developmnent_db_name
实际上,我就是这样做的。
答案 1 :(得分:83)
如果您实际上不需要以纯文本.sql脚本文件格式备份转储到磁盘上的数据库,则可以通过管道将pg_dump
和pg_restore
直接连接在一起。< / p>
要删除并重新创建表,可以使用--clean
pg_dump
命令行选项发出SQL命令,以便在创建它们(命令)之前清理(删除)数据库对象。 (在重新创建它们之前,这不会丢弃整个数据库,只会丢弃每个表/序列/索引等。)
以上两个看起来像这样:
pg_dump -U username --clean | pg_restore -U username
答案 2 :(得分:12)
虽然以下行是从Windows批处理脚本中获取的,但命令应该非常相似:
psql -U username -h localhost -d postgres -c "DROP DATABASE \"$DATABASE\";"
此命令用于通过实际删除它来清除整个数据库。命令中的$DATABASE
(在Windows中应为%DATABASE%
)是一个Windows样式环境变量,其值为数据库名称。您需要用development_db_name
替换它。
答案 3 :(得分:7)
转储:
pg_dump -Fc mydb > db.dump
要恢复:
pg_restore --verbose --clean --no-acl --no-owner -h localhost -U myuser -d my_db db/latest.dump
答案 4 :(得分:6)
我已经使用过:
pg_restore -c -d database_name filename.dump
答案 5 :(得分:2)
对于不能仅仅使用DROP SCHEMA public CASCADE;
,DROP OWNED BY current_user;
之类的情况,这是我编写的独立SQL脚本,它是事务安全的(即,您可以将其放在{{ 1}}和BEGIN;
进行测试,或者ROLLBACK;
进行实际操作)并清理“所有”数据库对象……好吧,我们应用程序使用的数据库中使用的所有对象明智地添加,即:
COMMIT;
,CHECK
)的约束UNIQUE
(正常或物化)pg_proc.proisagg
)VIEW
或DB内部)模式“我们”拥有:该脚本在以“不是数据库超级用户”身份运行时很有用;超级用户可以删除 all 模式(尽管仍然显式排除了真正重要的模式)未删除是(有些是故意的;有些仅是因为我在数据库中没有示例):
public
模式(例如,其中包含扩展程序提供的内容)我还有一个版本,可以删除“除了两个表之外的所有内容以及属于它们的内容”,以防有人感兴趣。差异很小。如有需要,请与我联系。
对于要还原的转储具有与数据库模式版本(例如,使用Debian public
,Flyway或Liquibase / DB-Manul)不同的数据库模式版本的情况,确实很有用您要将其还原到的数据库。
dbconfig-common
在PostgreSQL 9.6(-- Copyright © 2019
-- mirabilos <t.glaser@tarent.de>
--
-- Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
-- are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
-- is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un‐
-- limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
-- merge, give away, or sublicence.
--
-- This work is provided “AS IS” and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
-- the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
-- implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
-- may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
-- direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
-- of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
-- damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
-- of said person’s immediate fault when using the work as intended.
-- -
-- Drop everything from the PostgreSQL database.
DO $$
DECLARE
r RECORD;
BEGIN
-- triggers
FOR r IN (SELECT pns.nspname, pc.relname, pt.tgname
FROM pg_trigger pt, pg_class pc, pg_namespace pns
WHERE pns.oid=pc.relnamespace AND pc.oid=pt.tgrelid
AND pns.nspname NOT IN ('information_schema', 'pg_catalog', 'pg_toast')
AND pt.tgisinternal=false
) LOOP
EXECUTE format('DROP TRIGGER %I ON %I.%I;',
r.tgname, r.nspname, r.relname);
END LOOP;
-- constraints #1: foreign key
FOR r IN (SELECT pns.nspname, pc.relname, pcon.conname
FROM pg_constraint pcon, pg_class pc, pg_namespace pns
WHERE pns.oid=pc.relnamespace AND pc.oid=pcon.conrelid
AND pns.nspname NOT IN ('information_schema', 'pg_catalog', 'pg_toast')
AND pcon.contype='f'
) LOOP
EXECUTE format('ALTER TABLE ONLY %I.%I DROP CONSTRAINT %I;',
r.nspname, r.relname, r.conname);
END LOOP;
-- constraints #2: the rest
FOR r IN (SELECT pns.nspname, pc.relname, pcon.conname
FROM pg_constraint pcon, pg_class pc, pg_namespace pns
WHERE pns.oid=pc.relnamespace AND pc.oid=pcon.conrelid
AND pns.nspname NOT IN ('information_schema', 'pg_catalog', 'pg_toast')
AND pcon.contype<>'f'
) LOOP
EXECUTE format('ALTER TABLE ONLY %I.%I DROP CONSTRAINT %I;',
r.nspname, r.relname, r.conname);
END LOOP;
-- indicēs
FOR r IN (SELECT pns.nspname, pc.relname
FROM pg_class pc, pg_namespace pns
WHERE pns.oid=pc.relnamespace
AND pns.nspname NOT IN ('information_schema', 'pg_catalog', 'pg_toast')
AND pc.relkind='i'
) LOOP
EXECUTE format('DROP INDEX %I.%I;',
r.nspname, r.relname);
END LOOP;
-- normal and materialised views
FOR r IN (SELECT pns.nspname, pc.relname
FROM pg_class pc, pg_namespace pns
WHERE pns.oid=pc.relnamespace
AND pns.nspname NOT IN ('information_schema', 'pg_catalog', 'pg_toast')
AND pc.relkind IN ('v', 'm')
) LOOP
EXECUTE format('DROP VIEW %I.%I;',
r.nspname, r.relname);
END LOOP;
-- tables
FOR r IN (SELECT pns.nspname, pc.relname
FROM pg_class pc, pg_namespace pns
WHERE pns.oid=pc.relnamespace
AND pns.nspname NOT IN ('information_schema', 'pg_catalog', 'pg_toast')
AND pc.relkind='r'
) LOOP
EXECUTE format('DROP TABLE %I.%I;',
r.nspname, r.relname);
END LOOP;
-- sequences
FOR r IN (SELECT pns.nspname, pc.relname
FROM pg_class pc, pg_namespace pns
WHERE pns.oid=pc.relnamespace
AND pns.nspname NOT IN ('information_schema', 'pg_catalog', 'pg_toast')
AND pc.relkind='S'
) LOOP
EXECUTE format('DROP SEQUENCE %I.%I;',
r.nspname, r.relname);
END LOOP;
-- functions / procedures
FOR r IN (SELECT pns.nspname, pp.proname, pp.oid
FROM pg_proc pp, pg_namespace pns
WHERE pns.oid=pp.pronamespace
AND pns.nspname NOT IN ('information_schema', 'pg_catalog', 'pg_toast')
) LOOP
EXECUTE format('DROP FUNCTION %I.%I(%s);',
r.nspname, r.proname,
pg_get_function_identity_arguments(r.oid));
END LOOP;
-- nōn-default schemata we own; assume to be run by a not-superuser
FOR r IN (SELECT pns.nspname
FROM pg_namespace pns, pg_roles pr
WHERE pr.oid=pns.nspowner
AND pns.nspname NOT IN ('information_schema', 'pg_catalog', 'pg_toast', 'public')
AND pr.rolname=current_user
) LOOP
EXECUTE format('DROP SCHEMA %I;', r.nspname);
END LOOP;
-- voilà
RAISE NOTICE 'Database cleared!';
END; $$;
)上测试。错误修复和进一步的改进,欢迎您!
答案 6 :(得分:0)
如果要清除名为“ example_db”的数据库:
1)登录到另一个数据库(例如'postgres'):
psql postgres
2)删除数据库:
DROP DATABASE example_db;
3)重新创建数据库:
CREATE DATABASE example_db;