Question

我需要测试使用datetime.datetime.now()的函数。最简单的方法是什么？

Answer 1

你需要monkeypatch datetime.now函数。在下面的示例中，我正在创建夹具，我可以在以后的其他测试中重复使用：

import datetime
import pytest

FAKE_TIME = datetime.datetime(2020, 12, 25, 17, 5, 55)

@pytest.fixture
def patch_datetime_now(monkeypatch):

    class mydatetime:
        @classmethod
        def now(cls):
            return FAKE_TIME

    monkeypatch.setattr(datetime, 'datetime', mydatetime)


def test_patch_datetime(patch_datetime_now):
    assert datetime.datetime.now() == FAKE_TIME

Answer 2

有freezegun module：

from datetime import datetime
from freezegun import freeze_time # $ pip install freezegun

@freeze_time("Jan 14th, 2012")
def test_nice_datetime():
    assert datetime.now() == datetime(2012, 1, 14)

freeze_time()也可以用作上下文管理器。该模块支持指定本地时区UTC偏移量。

Answer 3

这是我用来覆盖now（）的工具，但保持datetime的其余部分工作（RE：satoru＆＃39; s）。

它没有经过广泛测试，但确实解决了在其他环境中使用datetime的问题。对我来说，保持Django ORM使用这些日期时间值（特别是isinstance(Freeze.now(), datetime.datetime) == True）非常重要。

@pytest.fixture
def freeze(monkeypatch):
    """ Now() manager patches datetime return a fixed, settable, value
        (freezes time)
    """
    import datetime
    original = datetime.datetime

    class FreezeMeta(type):
        def __instancecheck__(self, instance):
            if type(instance) == original or type(instance) == Freeze:
                return True

    class Freeze(datetime.datetime):
        __metaclass__ = FreezeMeta

        @classmethod
        def freeze(cls, val):
            cls.frozen = val

        @classmethod
        def now(cls):
            return cls.frozen

        @classmethod
        def delta(cls, timedelta=None, **kwargs):
            """ Moves time fwd/bwd by the delta"""
            from datetime import timedelta as td
            if not timedelta:
                timedelta = td(**kwargs)
            cls.frozen += timedelta

    monkeypatch.setattr(datetime, 'datetime', Freeze)
    Freeze.freeze(original.now())
    return Freeze

也许是偏离主题，但可能会派到其他人来解决这个问题。这个夹具允许＆＃34;冷冻＆＃34;时间，然后在你的测试中随意来回移动：

def test_timesensitive(freeze):
    freeze.freeze(2015, 1, 1)
    foo.prepare()  # Uses datetime.now() to prepare its state
    freeze.delta(days=2)
    # Does something that takes in consideration that 2 days have passed
    # i.e. datetime.now() returns a date 2 days in the future
    foo.do_something()
    assert foo.result == expected_result_after_2_days

Answer 4

改编自其他答案：

import datetime as dt

@contextmanager
def mocked_now(now):
    class MockedDatetime(dt.datetime):
        @classmethod
        def now(cls):
            return now

    with patch("datetime.datetime", MockedDatetime):
        yield

用过：

def test_now():
    with mocked_now(dt.datetime(2017, 10, 21)):
        assert dt.datetime.now() == dt.datetime(2017, 10, 21)

Answer 5

如何使用MagicMock(wrap=datetime.datetime)？

此方法模拟datetime.datetime.now()，但其他方法与原始datetime.datetime相同。

from unittest.mock import MagicMock

def test_datetime_now(monkeypatch):
    import datetime
    FAKE_NOW = datetime.datetime(2020, 3, 11, 14, 0, 0)
    datetime_mock = MagicMock(wraps=datetime.datetime)
    datetime_mock.now.return_value = FAKE_NOW
    monkeypatch.setattr(datetime, "datetime", datetime_mock)

    assert datetime.datetime.now() == FAKE_NOW

    # the other methods are available
    assert datetime.datetime.fromisoformat("2020-03-01T00:00:00") == datetime.datetime(2020, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0)

在这里使用@pytest.fixture方法。

import datetime
from unittest.mock import MagicMock

import pytest

FAKE_NOW = datetime.datetime(2020, 3, 11, 14, 0, 0)


@pytest.fixture()
def mock_datetime_now(monkeypatch):
    datetime_mock = MagicMock(wraps=datetime.datetime)
    datetime_mock.now.return_value = FAKE_NOW
    monkeypatch.setattr(datetime, "datetime", datetime_mock)


def test_datetime_now2(mock_datetime_now):
    assert datetime.datetime.now() == FAKE_NOW

    assert datetime.datetime.fromisoformat("2020-03-01T00:00:00") == datetime.datetime(2020, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0)

如何用py.test monkeypatch python的datetime.datetime.now？

5 个答案: