我正在尝试查看列表并计算给定单词出现的次数。到目前为止我已经有了这个:
count_repetitions([_], [], 0).
count_repetitions([Word], [Word|Tail], Count):-
count_repetitions([Word], Tail, X),
Count is X + 1.
count_repetitions([Word], [Z|Tail], Count):-
Word \= Z,
count_repetitions([Word], Tail, Count).
因此,查询?- count_repetitions([yes],[yes,and,yes,and,no], X).
会提供X = 2
。
这似乎有效。现在我需要编写一个谓词,它以X = [(yes - 2)]
的形式输出一个包含搜索词及其出现次数的列表。我完全陷入困境,有什么建议吗?
答案 0 :(得分:7)
这个答案显示了逻辑上纯粹的方式。以下内容基于clpfd。
tcount/3
我们与meta-predicate类似地定义tfilter/3
:- meta_predicate tcount(2,?,?).
tcount(P_2,Xs,N) :-
N #>= 0,
list_pred_tcount_(Xs,P_2,0,N).
:- meta_predicate list_pred_tcount_(?,2,?,?).
list_pred_tcount_([] , _ ,N ,N).
list_pred_tcount_([X|Xs],P_2,N0,N) :-
if_(call(P_2,X), (N1 is N0+1, N1 #=< N), N1 = N0),
list_pred_tcount_(Xs,P_2,N1,N).
!
tcount/3
现在让我们将?- tcount(=(yes),[yes,and,yes,and,no],Count).
Count = 2.
与(=)/3
结合使用:
?- tcount(=(yes),[A,B,C,D],2).
A=yes , B=yes , dif(C,yes), dif(D,yes)
; A=yes , dif(B,yes), C=yes , dif(D,yes)
; A=yes , dif(B,yes), dif(C,yes), D=yes
; dif(A,yes), B=yes , C=yes , dif(D,yes)
; dif(A,yes), B=yes , dif(C,yes), D=yes
; dif(A,yes), dif(B,yes), C=yes , D=yes
; false.
与所有此问题的其他答案所提供的代码不同,此答案中提供的代码是单调,即使在非基础术语中使用它时仍然保持逻辑合理:
?- tcount(=(yes),[A,B,C,D],Count).
A=yes , B=yes , C=yes , D=yes , Count = 4
; A=yes , B=yes , C=yes , dif(D,yes), Count = 3
; A=yes , B=yes , dif(C,yes), D=yes , Count = 3
; A=yes , B=yes , dif(C,yes), dif(D,yes), Count = 2
; A=yes , dif(B,yes), C=yes , D=yes , Count = 3
; A=yes , dif(B,yes), C=yes , dif(D,yes), Count = 2
; A=yes , dif(B,yes), dif(C,yes), D=yes , Count = 2
; A=yes , dif(B,yes), dif(C,yes), dif(D,yes), Count = 1
; dif(A,yes), B=yes , C=yes , D=yes , Count = 3
; dif(A,yes), B=yes , C=yes , dif(D,yes), Count = 2
; dif(A,yes), B=yes , dif(C,yes), D=yes , Count = 2
; dif(A,yes), B=yes , dif(C,yes), dif(D,yes), Count = 1
; dif(A,yes), dif(B,yes), C=yes , D=yes , Count = 2
; dif(A,yes), dif(B,yes), C=yes , dif(D,yes), Count = 1
; dif(A,yes), dif(B,yes), dif(C,yes), D=yes , Count = 1
; dif(A,yes), dif(B,yes), dif(C,yes), dif(D,yes), Count = 0.
让我们尝试一些更为通用的东西:
?- tcount(_,_,-1).
false.
下面的角落情况怎么样?
tcount/3
如何利用length/2
替代{{1}}?
?- N in 1..3, length(Xs,N). N = 1, Xs = [_A] ; N = 2, Xs = [_A,_B] ; N = 3, Xs = [_A,_B,_C] ... % does not terminate ?- use_module(library(lambda)). true. ?- N in 1..3, tcount(\_^ =(true),Xs,N). N = 1, Xs = [_A] ; N = 2, Xs = [_A,_B] ; N = 3, Xs = [_A,_B,_C] ; false. % terminates universally
答案 1 :(得分:4)
你在那里,在我看来。你可以简单地将你的谓词包装在另一个中:
word_repetitions(Word, List, [(Word-Count)]) :-
count_repetitions(Word, List, Count).
请注意,您不需要括号或Word-Count
对周围的括号:
word_repetitions(Word, List, Word-Count) :-
count_repetitions(Word, List, Count).
(但如果你坚持的话,你可以使用它们。)
在原始谓词上,重命名以反映差异:
list_word_reps([], Word, Word-0).
list_word_reps([W|Rest], Word, Word-Reps) :-
list_word_reps(Rest, Word, Word-Reps0),
( W == Word
-> Reps is Reps0 + 1
; Reps = Reps0
).
?- list_word_reps([yes,no,yes,no,maybe,yes], yes, X).
X = yes-3.
列表出现在单词之前的原因是谓词变为确定性。使用if-then-else代替两个不同的子句也是如此。如果你愿意,你可以把答案放在一个列表中(只需将参数括在括号中)但是再次,这是不必要的。
答案 2 :(得分:2)
库(聚合)经常被低估:
count(L, C) :-
aggregate(set(W-N), aggregate(count, member(W, L), N), C).
产量
1 ?- count([a,b,a],C).
C = [a-2, b-1].
所以,更简单
count(W, L, W-N) :-
aggregate(count, member(W, L), N).
产量
?- count(a, [a,b,a], C).
C = a-2.
基于setof,aggregate / 3允许更精细地控制变量的量化(即哪些值得到聚合),但如果没有解决方案则会失败,而不是因为某些时候需要产生0。
aggregate_all / 3,基于findall / 3,在这种情况下会返回0,但不允许使用量化说明符。