如何让MSBuild目标批处理工作

Question

我正在尝试为多个环境的代码部署创建构建脚本。代码如下：

<Project xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003" ToolsVersion="4.0">

<PropertyGroup>
    <TargetEnv>Production</TargetEnv>
</PropertyGroup>

<ItemGroup Condition="'$(TargetEnv)' == 'Integration'">
    <Server Include="int1">
        <ip>172.0.0.1</ip>
    </Server>
</ItemGroup>

<ItemGroup Condition="'$(TargetEnv)' == 'Production'">
    <Server Include="prod1">
        <ip>172.0.2.1</ip>
    </Server>
    <Server Include="prod2">
      <ip>172.0.2.2</ip>
    </Server>
</ItemGroup>

<Target Name="Deploy">
    <CallTarget Targets="DeployIntegration" />
    <CallTarget Targets="DeployServers" />
</Target>

<Target Name="DeployIntegration" Condition="'$(TargetEnv)' == 'Integration'" Outputs="%(Server.Identity)">
    <Message Text="= specific int server thing need access to variable %(Server.Identity) =" Importance="high" />
</Target>

<Target Name="DeployServers" Condition="'$(TargetEnv)' != 'Integration'" Outputs="%(Server.Identity)">
    <Message Text="= specific prod thing here need access to variable %(Server.Identity) =" Importance="high" />
</Target>

<Target Name="RemoveServerFromLoadBalancer" AfterTargets="DeployServers" Condition="'$(TargetEnv)' != 'Integration'">
    <Message Text="= removing %(Server.Identity) from load balancer =" Importance="high" />
</Target>

<Target Name="IgnoreRemoveServerFromLoadBalancer" AfterTargets="DeployServers" Condition="'$(TargetEnv)' == 'Integration'">
    <Message Text="= ignore removing %(Server.Identity) from load balancer =" Importance="high" />
</Target>

<Target Name="CopyFilesAndCreateFolderLinks" AfterTargets="RemoveServerFromLoadBalancer;IgnoreRemoveServerFromLoadBalancer">
    <Message Text=" = creating and copying files %(Server.Identity) =" Importance="high" />
</Target>

<Target Name="SetWebFarmServerName"  AfterTargets="UpdateWebConfig" Condition="'$(TargetEnv)' != 'Integration'">
    <Message Text=" = app setting CMSWebFarmServerName set to  %(Server.Identity) =" Importance="high" />
</Target>

<Target Name="DisableWebFarmForIntegration" AfterTargets="UpdateWebConfig" Condition="'$(TargetEnv)' == 'Integration'">
    <Message Text=" = Disabled webfarm setting for Integration - %(Server.Identity) =" Importance="high" />  
</Target>

<Target Name="AddBackToLoadBalancer" AfterTargets="DisableWebFarmForIntegration" Condition="'$(TargetEnv)' != 'Integration'">
    <Message Text=" = Putting server %(Server.Identity) back on load balancer =" Importance="high" />
</Target>

</Project>

此代码位于xml（保存在11.0文件夹中）文件中，我使用msbuild命令运行它：

C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 11.0>msbuild buildtest.xml /t:Deploy

当我运行生产的构建任务时，此代码返回此内容：

    DeployServers:
      = specific prod thing here need access to variable prod1 =
    DeployServers:
      = specific prod thing here need access to variable prod2 =
    RemoveServerFromLoadBalancer:
      = removing prod1 from load balancer =
      = removing prod2 from load balancer =
    CopyFilesAndCreateFolderLinks:
       = creating and copying files prod1 =
       = creating and copying files prod2 =

我基本上想确保，如果我正在进行集成，它不会运行特定目标，例如负载均衡器相关任务，因为只有一台机器。我在想，返回的值应如下所示：

    DeployServers:
      = specific prod thing here need access to variable prod1 =
    RemoveServerFromLoadBalancer:
      = removing prod1 from load balancer =
    CopyFilesAndCreateFolderLinks:
      = creating and copying files prod1 =

    DeployServers:
      = specific prod thing here need access to variable prod2 =
    RemoveServerFromLoadBalancer:       
      = removing prod2 from load balancer =
    CopyFilesAndCreateFolderLinks:      
      = creating and copying files prod2 =

对于这篇长篇文章感到抱歉，这个msbuild的东西有点棘手。感谢您的投入。

Answer 1

批处理MSBuild在这里执行是正确的，请考虑一下：你问Message文本为%(Server.Identity)所以它会为它知道的服务器做多少，而且没有理由它会等待中间的目标。因此，为了得到你想要的东西，你必须让它每个服务器执行一次所有必需的任务。此外，您的一般结构有点过于复杂。目标上的条件是无法控制的：只是你重复相同条件x次的事实已经是一个错误的标志，因为它简单地说违反了DIY原则。如果你添加另一个TargetEnv呢？然后是另一个？是的你认为：不会很好：]第二个可能的未来陷阱是使用AfterTargets：当你只有一对时很好，但过了一段时间你继续添加目标，你就不知道了订单是什么，你基本上必须通过整个文件来掌握正在发生的事情。另外，如果您为每个TargetEnv添加更多常用目标，该怎么办？或者，如果您添加另一个TargetEnv。再次不会很好，因为你必须在多个地方修复它。

现在，因为你把这两种并发症混合在一起，并且在它之上进行批处理，事情变得非常不清楚。回到开始并考虑你真正需要的东西：如果TargetEnv是A，你想要做X和Y和Z，如果TargetEnv是你想做的Q和Q和Z.就是这样。您可以将其视为两个单独的责任：根据条件选择某些内容，并维护每个条件的操作列表。所以让我们以msbuild的方式表达它。

这是条件部分，现在在新的Deploy目标中。其余目标将移动到另一个文件。 Deploy将在名为deploy.targets的另一个msbuild文件中调用与当前文件位于同一目录中的目标（其中一个取决于条件）。由于批处理现在处于更高级别，因此它将自动以您希望的方式执行：每个服务器一次。请注意，所选服务器作为属性传递给另一个文件。还有其他方法可以做到这一点，但就像代码一样，拥有几个较小的文件而不是一个大的do-it-all文件是很好的。

<Target Name="Deploy">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetsFile>$(MsBuildThisFileDirectory)deploy.targets</TargetsFile>
    <TargetToCall Condition="$(TargetEnv)=='Production'">DeployServers</TargetToCall>
    <TargetToCall Condition="$(TargetEnv)=='Integration'">DeployIntegration</TargetToCall>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <MSBuild  Projects="$(TargetsFile)" Targets="$(TargetToCall)" Properties="Server=%(Server.Identity)" />
</Target>

这是包含所有目标的新文件，以及两个“主”目标，它们现在准确指定了他们想要调用的其他目标，不再需要条件，不再需要AfterTargets。

<Project xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003" ToolsVersion="4.0">

  <PropertyGroup>
    <CommonTargets>CopyFilesAndCreateFolderLinks</CommonTargets>
  </PropertyGroup>

  <Target Name="DeployIntegration">
    <Message Text="= specific int server thing need access to variable $(Server) =" Importance="high" />
    <CallTarget Targets="IgnoreRemoveServerFromLoadBalancer;$(CommonTargets)"/>
  </Target>

  <Target Name="DeployServers">
    <Message Text="= specific prod thing here need access to variable $(Server) =" Importance="high" />
    <CallTarget Targets="RemoveServerFromLoadBalancer;AnotherTargetJustForDeploy;$(CommonTargets)"/> 
  </Target>

  <Target Name="RemoveServerFromLoadBalancer">
    <Message Text="= removing $(Server) from load balancer =" Importance="high" />
  </Target>

  <Target Name="AnotherTargetJustForDeploy">
    <Message Text="= AnotherTargetJustForDeploy for $(Server) =" Importance="high" />
  </Target>

  <Target Name="IgnoreRemoveServerFromLoadBalancer">
    <Message Text="= ignore removing $(Server) from load balancer =" Importance="high" />
  </Target>

  <Target Name="CopyFilesAndCreateFolderLinks">
    <Message Text=" = creating and copying files $(Server) =" Importance="high" />
  </Target>

</Project>