如何在Selenium中使用页面对象

Question

我有以下代码。我想在另一个java文件中重用这些函数。如何使用Page Objects？

public class LoginPage {


      private final WebDriver driver;

        public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {
            this.driver = driver;

            // Check that we're on the right page.
            if (!"Outreach Configuration".equals(driver.getTitle())) {
                // Alternatively, we could navigate to the login page, perhaps logging out first
                throw new IllegalStateException("This is not the login page");
            }
        }

        // The login page contains several HTML elements that will be represented as WebElements.
        // The locators for these elements should only be defined once.

        //    By usernameLocator = By.name("username");
        //    By passwordLocator = By.name("password");
            By loginButtonLocator = By.name("submit");

        // The login page allows the user to type their username into the username field
        public LoginPage typeUsername(String username) {
            // This is the only place that "knows" how to enter a username
            driver.findElement(By.name("username")).sendKeys(username);

            // Return the current page object as this action doesn't navigate to a page represented by another PageObject
            return this;    
        }

        // The login page allows the user to type their password into the password field
        public LoginPage typePassword(String password) {
            // This is the only place that "knows" how to enter a password
            //driver.findElement(passwordLocator).sendKeys(password);
            driver.findElement(By.name("password")).sendKeys(password);
            // Return the current page object as this action doesn't navigate to a page represented by another PageObject
            return this;    
        }

        // The login page allows the user to submit the login form
        public HomePage submitLogin() {
            // This is the only place that submits the login form and expects the destination to be the home page.
            // A seperate method should be created for the instance of clicking login whilst expecting a login failure. 
           driver.findElement(By.name("submit")).submit();

            // Return a new page object representing the destination. Should the login page ever
            // go somewhere else (for example, a legal disclaimer) then changing the method signature
            // for this method will mean that all tests that rely on this behaviour won't compile.
            return new HomePage(driver);    
        }

        // The login page allows the user to submit the login form knowing that an invalid username and / or password were entered
        public LoginPage submitLoginExpectingFailure() {
            // This is the only place that submits the login form and expects the destination to be the login page due to login failure.
        //    driver.findElement(By.name("submit")).submit();

            // Return a new page object representing the destination. Should the user ever be navigated to the home page after submiting a login with credentials 
            // expected to fail login, the script will fail when it attempts to instantiate the LoginPage PageObject.
            return new LoginPage(driver);   
        }

        // Conceptually, the login page offers the user the service of being able to "log into"
        // the application using a user name and password. 
        public HomePage loginAs(String username, String password) {
            // The PageObject methods that enter username, password & submit login have already defined and should not be repeated here.
            typeUsername(username);
            typePassword(password);
            return submitLogin();
        }
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

            // And now use this to visit Google
            driver.get("");
            LoginPage login = new LoginPage(driver);
            try {
                Thread.sleep(5000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            HomePage a=login.loginAs("username","password");
            System.out.println(a);
            //driver.findElement(By.className("newbutton")).click();


        }
    } 

Answer 1

main()方法不应该是Page Object的一部分，只需将其移动到它自己的类。 LoginPage已经遵循Page Object模式，可以在需要的地方重用，例如在另一个main方法或另一个类中。

在最简单的情况下，页面对象类和包含执行逻辑的类应该是相同的java包和命名空间的一部分，以便能够“看到”彼此。或者，您也可以将页面对象放在另一个包中，并使用import。

package testing; 

public class LoginPage {
  //all your your code minus the main method 
}

public class LoginTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    //your main method logic here

    }
}

public class AnotherLoginTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    //you can reuse the LoginPage here and try login with another set of credentials.

    }
}

注意：我没有检查您的登录步骤是否确实正确（不在问题范围内） - 您需要正确导航到正确的URL，然后执行您的步骤。

Answer 2

您不需要在名为“typeUsername”和“typePassword”的方法中返回Page对象。您只需要在更改DOM /页面的事件上返回页面对象。