我正在编辑计算流体动力学程序的源代码，虽然我是C ++的新手，但我似乎找不到错误的来源。它们如下：
make / linux64GccDPOpt / mySTCompressibleInterFoam.o：在函数`main'中：
mySTCompressibleInterFoam.C :(。text.startup + 0x333c）：未定义引用`Foam :: surfaceTension :: surfaceTension（Foam :: GeometricField，Foam :: fvPatchField，Foam :: volMesh＆gt; const＆amp;，Foam :: GeometricField常量＆安培）'
mySTCompressibleInterFoam.C :(。text.startup + 0x3580）：未定义的引用`Foam :: surfaceTension :: surfaceTensionForce（）const'
mySTCompressibleInterFoam.C :(。text.startup + 0x3cff）：未定义引用`vtable for Foam :: surfaceTension'
mySTCompressibleInterFoam.C :(。text.startup + 0x8246）：未定义引用`vtable for Foam :: surfaceTension'
代码结构非常复杂但是我很确定我发现导致问题的代码行但我不知道如何修复它。
顶级文件是：
#include "fvCFD.H"
#include "MULES.H"
#include "subCycle.H"
#include "rhoThermo.H"
#include "interfaceProperties.H"
#include "twoPhaseMixture.H"
#include "twoPhaseMixtureThermo.H"
#include "surfaceTension.H"
#include "turbulenceModel.H"
#include "pimpleControl.H"
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
#include "setRootCase.H"
#include "createTime.H"
#include "createMesh.H"
#include "readGravitationalAcceleration.H"
pimpleControl pimple(mesh);
#include "readControls.H"
#include "initContinuityErrs.H"
#include "createFields.H"
#include "CourantNo.H"
#include "setInitialDeltaT.H"
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
Info<< "\nStarting time loop\n" << endl;
while (runTime.run())
{
#include "readControls.H"
#include "CourantNo.H"
#include "alphaCourantNo.H"
#include "setDeltaT.H"
runTime++;
Info<< "Time = " << runTime.timeName() << nl << endl;
// --- Pressure-velocity PIMPLE corrector loop
while (pimple.loop())
{
#include "alphaEqnsSubCycle.H"
// correct interface on first PIMPLE corrector
if (pimple.corr() == 1)
{
interface.correct();
}
solve(fvm::ddt(rho) + fvc::div(rhoPhi));
#include "UEqn.H"
#include "TEqn.H"
// --- Pressure corrector loop
while (pimple.correct())
{
#include "pEqn.H"
}
if (pimple.turbCorr())
{
turbulence->correct();
}
}
runTime.write();
Info<< "ExecutionTime = " << runTime.elapsedCpuTime() << " s"
<< " ClockTime = " << runTime.elapsedClockTime() << " s"
<< nl << endl;
}
Info<< "End\n" << endl;
return 0;
}
// ************************************************************************* //
根据错误，我的理解是错误来自surfaceTension类和函数。
surfaceTension.H如下：
#ifndef surfaceTension_H
#define surfaceTension_H
#include "incompressible/transportModel/transportModel.H"
#include "phase.H"
#include "PtrDictionary.H"
#include "volFields.H"
#include "surfaceFields.H"
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
namespace Foam
{
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
Class surfaceTension Declaration
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
class surfaceTension
:
public transportModel
{
public:
class interfacePair
:
public Pair<word>
{
public:
class hash
:
public Hash<interfacePair>
{
public:
hash()
{}
label operator()(const interfacePair& key) const
{
return word::hash()(key.first()) + word::hash()(key.second());
}
};
// Constructors
interfacePair()
{}
interfacePair(const word& alpha1Name, const word& alpha2Name)
:
Pair<word>(alpha1Name, alpha2Name)
{}
interfacePair(const phase& alpha1, const phase& alpha2)
:
Pair<word>(alpha1.name(), alpha2.name())
{}
// Friend Operators
friend bool operator==
(
const interfacePair& a,
const interfacePair& b
)
{
return
(
((a.first() == b.first()) && (a.second() == b.second()))
|| ((a.first() == b.second()) && (a.second() == b.first()))
);
}
friend bool operator!=
(
const interfacePair& a,
const interfacePair& b
)
{
return (!(a == b));
}
};
private:
// Private data
//- Dictionary of phases
PtrDictionary<phase> phases_;
const fvMesh& mesh_;
const volVectorField& U_;
const surfaceScalarField& phi_;
surfaceScalarField rhoPhi_;
volScalarField alphas_;
typedef HashTable<scalar, interfacePair, interfacePair::hash>
sigmaTable;
sigmaTable sigmas_;
dimensionSet dimSigma_;
//- Stabilisation for normalisation of the interface normal
const dimensionedScalar deltaN_;
//- Conversion factor for degrees into radians
static const scalar convertToRad;
// Private member functions
tmp<surfaceVectorField> nHatfv
(
const volScalarField& alpha1,
const volScalarField& alpha2
) const;
tmp<surfaceScalarField> nHatf
(
const volScalarField& alpha1,
const volScalarField& alpha2
) const;
void correctContactAngle
(
const phase& alpha1,
const phase& alpha2,
surfaceVectorField::GeometricBoundaryField& nHatb
) const;
tmp<volScalarField> nabla
(
const phase& alpha1,
const phase& alpha2
) const;
public:
// Constructors
//- Construct from components
surfaceTension
(
const volVectorField& U,
const surfaceScalarField& phi
);
//- Destructor
virtual ~surfaceTension()
{}
// Member Functions
//- Return the phases
const PtrDictionary<phase>& phases() const
{
return phases_;
}
//- Return the velocity
const volVectorField& U() const
{
return U_;
}
//- Return the volumetric flux
const surfaceScalarField& phi() const
{
return phi_;
}
const surfaceScalarField& rhoPhi() const
{
return rhoPhi_;
}
//- Return the mixture density
tmp<volScalarField> rho() const;
//- Return the dynamic laminar viscosity
tmp<volScalarField> mu() const;
//- Return the kinematic laminar viscosity
tmp<volScalarField> nu() const;
//- Return surface Tension Force
tmp<surfaceScalarField> surfaceTensionForce() const;
//- Correct the mixture properties
void correct();
//- Read base transportProperties dictionary
bool read();
};
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
} // End namespace Foam
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
#endif
// ************************************************************************* //
SurfaceTension.c
#include "surfaceTension.H"
#include "alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField.H"
#include "Time.H"
#include "subCycle.H"
#include "MULES.H"
#include "fvcSnGrad.H"
#include "fvcFlux.H"
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Member Data * * * * * * * * * * * * //
const Foam::scalar Foam::surfaceTension::convertToRad =
Foam::constant::mathematical::pi/180.0;
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
Foam::surfaceTension::surfaceTension
(
const volVectorField& U,
const surfaceScalarField& phi
)
:
transportModel(U, phi),
phases_(lookup("phases"), phase::iNew(U, phi)),
mesh_(U.mesh()),
U_(U),
phi_(phi),
rhoPhi_
(
IOobject
(
"rho*phi",
mesh_.time().timeName(),
mesh_,
IOobject::NO_READ,
IOobject::NO_WRITE
),
mesh_,
dimensionedScalar("rho*phi", dimMass/dimTime, 0.0)
),
alphas_
(
IOobject
(
"alphas",
mesh_.time().timeName(),
mesh_,
IOobject::NO_READ,
IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
),
mesh_,
dimensionedScalar("alphas", dimless, 0.0),
zeroGradientFvPatchScalarField::typeName
),
sigmas_(lookup("sigmas")),
dimSigma_(1, 0, -2, 0, 0),
deltaN_
(
"deltaN",
1e-8/pow(average(mesh_.V()), 1.0/3.0)
)
{
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField> Foam::surfaceTension::nu() const
{
return mu()/rho();
}
Foam::tmp<Foam::surfaceScalarField>
Foam::surfaceTension::surfaceTensionForce() const
{
tmp<surfaceScalarField> tstf
(
new surfaceScalarField
(
IOobject
(
"surfaceTensionForce",
mesh_.time().timeName(),
mesh_
),
mesh_,
dimensionedScalar
(
"surfaceTensionForce",
dimensionSet(1, -2, -2, 0, 0),
0.0
)
)
);
surfaceScalarField& stf = tstf();
forAllConstIter(PtrDictionary<phase>, phases_, iter1)
{
const phase& alpha1 = iter1();
PtrDictionary<phase>::const_iterator iter2 = iter1;
++iter2;
for (; iter2 != phases_.end(); ++iter2)
{
const phase& alpha2 = iter2();
sigmaTable::const_iterator sigma =
sigmas_.find(interfacePair(alpha1, alpha2));
if (sigma == sigmas_.end())
{
FatalErrorIn("surfaceTension::surfaceTensionForce() const")
<< "Cannot find interface " << interfacePair(alpha1, alpha2)
<< " in list of sigma values"
<< exit(FatalError);
}
stf += dimensionedScalar("sigma", dimSigma_, sigma())
*fvc::interpolate(nabla(alpha1, alpha2))*
(
fvc::interpolate(alpha2)*fvc::snGrad(alpha1)
- fvc::interpolate(alpha1)*fvc::snGrad(alpha2)
);
}
}
return tstf;
}
void Foam::surfaceTension::correct()
{}
Foam::tmp<Foam::surfaceVectorField> Foam::surfaceTension::nHatfv
(
const volScalarField& alpha1,
const volScalarField& alpha2
) const
{
surfaceVectorField gradAlphaf
(
fvc::interpolate(alpha2)*fvc::interpolate(fvc::grad(alpha1))
- fvc::interpolate(alpha1)*fvc::interpolate(fvc::grad(alpha2))
);
// Face unit interface normal
return gradAlphaf/(mag(gradAlphaf) + deltaN_);
}
Foam::tmp<Foam::surfaceScalarField> Foam::surfaceTension::nHatf
(
const volScalarField& alpha1,
const volScalarField& alpha2
) const
{
// Face unit interface normal flux
return nHatfv(alpha1, alpha2) & mesh_.Sf();
}
Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField> Foam::surfaceTension::nabla
(
const phase& alpha1,
const phase& alpha2
) const
{
tmp<surfaceVectorField> tnHatfv = nHatfv(alpha1, alpha2);
correctContactAngle(alpha1, alpha2, tnHatfv().boundaryField());
// Simple expression for curvature
return -fvc::div(tnHatfv & mesh_.Sf());
}
bool Foam::surfaceTension::read()
{
if (transportModel::read())
{
bool readOK = true;
PtrList<entry> phaseData(lookup("phases"));
label phasei = 0;
forAllIter(PtrDictionary<phase>, phases_, iter)
{
readOK &= iter().read(phaseData[phasei++].dict());
}
lookup("sigmas") >> sigmas_;
return readOK;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
为了计算每个时间步的表面张力，在文件UEqn.H中调用surfaceTensionForce函数，如下所示：
surfaceTension mixture(U, phi);
fvVectorMatrix UEqn
(
fvm::ddt(rho, U)
+ fvm::div(rhoPhi, U)
+ turbulence->divDevRhoReff(U)
);
UEqn.relax();
if (pimple.momentumPredictor())
{
solve
(
UEqn
==
fvc::reconstruct
(
(
mixture.surfaceTensionForce()
- ghf*fvc::snGrad(rho)
- fvc::snGrad(p_rgh)
) * mesh.magSf()
)
);
// K = 0.5*magSqr(U);
}
如果我删除此文件的第一行，则不会出现未定义的referance错误，并且代码编译正常。我看了很多类似的问题，最常见的解决方案是文件没有正确链接，我确信情况并非如此。
提前谢谢你。
答案 0 :(得分：1)
这几乎是最常见的链接器错误。删除最后一个文件的第一行时错误消失的原因可能是因为这会导致编译器错误（符号未声明），链接器甚至不会运行。
我只能猜测，但似乎surfaceTension属于不同的二进制文件，并且在编译UEqn.h时没有正确链接。
我也猜测你正在尝试运行 OpenFOAM 的示例应用程序。确保you took all the installation steps, laid out on their wiki。