我最近设置了几个Padrino项目，每次我生成项目时，都使用Shoulda作为测试选项。但是当我尝试运行'padrino rake test'时，它失败并出现以下错误：
Sonnys-MacBook-Pro:sample_blog sonnyjitsu$ padrino rake test
=> Executing Rake test ...
/Users/sonnyjitsu/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p353/bin/ruby -I"lib" -I"/Users/sonnyjitsu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p353/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib" "/Users/sonnyjitsu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p353/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/rake_test_loader.rb" "test/app/**/*_test.rb"
/Users/sonnyjitsu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p353/gems/shoulda-matchers-2.4.0/lib/shoulda/matchers/active_record/association_matcher.rb:77:in `<class:AssociationMatcher>': undefined method `delegate' for Shoulda::Matchers::ActiveRecord::AssociationMatcher:Class (NoMethodError)
这是我的宝石列表
actionmailer (4.0.1, 3.2.3)
actionpack (4.0.1, 3.2.3)
activemodel (4.0.1, 3.2.15, 3.2.3)
activerecord (4.0.1, 3.2.15, 3.2.3)
activerecord-deprecated_finders (1.0.3)
activeresource (3.2.3)
activesupport (4.0.1, 3.2.15, 3.2.3)
addressable (2.3.5)
arel (4.0.1, 3.0.3, 3.0.2)
atomic (1.1.14)
backports (3.3.5)
bcrypt-ruby (3.1.2)
bigdecimal (1.2.0)
builder (3.1.4, 3.0.4, 3.0.0)
bundler (1.3.5)
bundler-unload (1.0.2)
classifier (1.3.3)
coffee-rails (4.0.1, 3.2.2)
coffee-script (2.2.0)
coffee-script-source (1.6.3, 1.3.3)
colorator (0.1)
commander (4.1.5)
daemons (1.1.9)
data_mapper (1.2.0)
data_objects (0.10.13)
dm-aggregates (1.2.0)
dm-constraints (1.2.0)
dm-core (1.2.1)
dm-do-adapter (1.2.0)
dm-migrations (1.2.0)
dm-mysql-adapter (1.2.0)
dm-serializer (1.2.2)
dm-sqlite-adapter (1.2.0)
dm-timestamps (1.2.0)
dm-transactions (1.2.0)
dm-types (1.2.2)
dm-validations (1.2.0)
do_mysql (0.10.13)
do_sqlite3 (0.10.13)
erubis (2.7.0)
eventmachine (1.0.3)
execjs (2.0.2, 1.4.0)
executable-hooks (1.2.6)
fast-stemmer (1.0.2)
fastercsv (1.5.5)
ffi (1.9.3)
git (1.2.6)
haml (4.0.4)
highline (1.6.20)
hike (1.2.3, 1.2.1)
htmlentities (4.3.1)
http_router (0.11.0, 0.5.4)
i18n (0.6.5, 0.6.0)
io-console (0.4.2)
jbuilder (1.5.2)
jekyll (1.3.1)
jekyll-import (0.1.0.rc1)
journey (1.0.4)
jquery-rails (3.0.4, 2.0.2)
json (1.8.1, 1.7.7, 1.7.3)
json_pure (1.8.1)
libv8 (3.16.14.3 x86_64-darwin-13)
liquid (2.5.4)
listen (1.3.1)
mail (2.5.4, 2.4.4)
maruku (0.6.1)
metaclass (0.0.1)
mime-types (1.25.1, 1.18)
mini_portile (0.5.2)
minitest (4.7.5, 4.3.2)
mocha (0.14.0)
multi_json (1.8.2, 1.3.6)
mysql2 (0.3.14)
nokogiri (1.6.0)
padrino (0.11.4, 0.9.21)
padrino-admin (0.11.4, 0.9.21)
padrino-cache (0.11.4, 0.9.21)
padrino-core (0.11.4, 0.9.21)
padrino-gen (0.11.4, 0.9.21)
padrino-helpers (0.11.4, 0.9.21)
padrino-mailer (0.11.4, 0.9.21)
polyglot (0.3.3)
pony (1.6.1, 1.5.1)
posix-spawn (0.3.6)
psych (2.0.0)
pygments.rb (0.5.4)
rack (1.5.2, 1.4.1)
rack-cache (1.2)
rack-protection (1.5.1)
rack-ssl (1.3.2)
rack-test (0.6.2, 0.6.1)
rails (3.2.3)
railties (4.0.1, 3.2.3)
rake (10.1.0, 0.9.6, 0.9.2.2)
rb-fsevent (0.9.3)
rb-inotify (0.9.2)
rb-kqueue (0.2.0)
rdoc (4.0.0, 3.12.2, 3.12)
redcarpet (2.3.0)
ref (1.0.5)
rubygems-bundler (1.4.2)
rvm (1.11.3.8)
safe_yaml (0.9.7)
sass (3.2.12, 3.1.19)
sass-rails (4.0.1, 3.2.5)
sdoc (0.3.20)
sequel (4.4.0)
shoulda (3.5.0)
shoulda-context (1.1.6)
shoulda-matchers (2.4.0)
sinatra (1.4.4)
sinatra-contrib (1.4.1)
sinatra-extension (1.0)
sinatra-flash (0.3.0)
slim (2.0.2)
sprockets (2.10.1, 2.1.3)
sprockets-rails (2.0.1)
sqlite3 (1.3.8, 1.3.6)
sqlite3-ruby (1.3.3)
stringex (1.5.1)
syntax (1.0.0)
temple (0.6.7)
test-unit (2.0.0.0)
therubyracer (0.12.0)
thin (1.6.1)
thor (0.18.1, 0.17.0, 0.14.6)
thread_safe (0.1.3)
tilt (1.4.1, 1.3.3)
treetop (1.4.15, 1.4.10)
turbolinks (1.3.1)
tzinfo (0.3.38, 0.3.33)
uglifier (2.3.1, 1.2.4)
url_mount (0.2.1)
uuidtools (2.1.4)
yajl-ruby (1.1.0)
答案 0 :(得分：0)
之前我没有尝试在rails之外使用shoulda-matchers，但看起来他们使用了ActiveSupport提供的delegate宏。在测试中尝试require 'activesupport'（或者更有限的子集，如果您更愿意），看看是否有帮助。
答案 1 :(得分：0)
要求'active_support / core_ext / module / delegation'
为我工作