Question

我在Debian上运行Ruby 1.9.3，没有Rails。我有一个需要mysql的脚本，所以我运行gem install mysql，安装得很好。

但是，当我执行脚本时，我收到“无法加载此类文件”错误。

/usr/local/lib/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:51:in `require': cannot load such file -- mysql (LoadError)
    from /usr/local/lib/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:51:in `require'
    from db-test.rb:5:in `<main>'

更多信息：我已更新到RBENV，但现在不会安装mysql。

ruby --version给出：

ruby 1.9.3p484 (2013-11-22 revision 43786) [x86_64-linux]

which ruby给出：

/home/poconnor/.rbenv/shims/ruby

gem environment的输出是：

    RubyGems Environment:
  - RUBYGEMS VERSION: 2.1.11
  - RUBY VERSION: 1.9.3 (2013-11-22 patchlevel 484) [x86_64-linux]
  - INSTALLATION DIRECTORY: /home/poconnor/ruby/gems
  - RUBY EXECUTABLE: /home/poconnor/.rbenv/versions/1.9.3-p484/bin/ruby
  - EXECUTABLE DIRECTORY: /home/poconnor/ruby/gems/bin
  - SPEC CACHE DIRECTORY: /home/poconnor/.gem/specs
  - RUBYGEMS PLATFORMS:
    - ruby
    - x86_64-linux
  - GEM PATHS:
     - /home/poconnor/ruby/gems
     - /lib/ruby/gems/1.9.3
  - GEM CONFIGURATION:
     - :update_sources => true
     - :verbose => true
     - :backtrace => false
     - :bulk_threshold => 1000
  - REMOTE SOURCES:
     - https://rubygems.org/
  - SHELL PATH:
     - /home/poconnor/.rbenv/versions/1.9.3-p484/bin
     - /home/poconnor/.rbenv/libexec
     - /home/poconnor/.rbenv/plugins/ruby-build/bin
     - /home/poconnor/.rbenv/shims
     - /home/poconnor/.rbenv/bin
     - /usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm
     - /usr/local/sbin
     - /usr/local/bin
     - /usr/sbin
     - /usr/bin
     - /sbin
     - /bin
     - /usr/games
     - /usr/local/games
     - /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_17/bin
     - /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_17/bin
     - /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_17/bin
     - /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_17/bin

当我尝试gem install mysql时，我得到了：

Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing mysql:
        ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    /home/poconnor/.rbenv/versions/1.9.3-p484/bin/ruby extconf.rb
checking for mysql_query() in -lmysqlclient... no
checking for main() in -lm... yes
checking for mysql_query() in -lmysqlclient... no
checking for main() in -lz... yes
checking for mysql_query() in -lmysqlclient... no
checking for main() in -lsocket... no
checking for mysql_query() in -lmysqlclient... no
checking for main() in -lnsl... yes
checking for mysql_query() in -lmysqlclient... no
checking for main() in -lmygcc... no
checking for mysql_query() in -lmysqlclient... no
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of
necessary libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more
details.  You may need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
        --with-opt-dir
        --without-opt-dir
        --with-opt-include
        --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
        --with-opt-lib
        --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
        --with-make-prog
        --without-make-prog
        --srcdir=.
        --curdir
        --ruby=/home/poconnor/.rbenv/versions/1.9.3-p484/bin/ruby
        --with-mysql-config
        --without-mysql-config
        --with-mysql-dir
        --without-mysql-dir
        --with-mysql-include
        --without-mysql-include=${mysql-dir}/include
        --with-mysql-lib
        --without-mysql-lib=${mysql-dir}/lib
        --with-mysqlclientlib
        --without-mysqlclientlib
        --with-mlib
        --without-mlib
        --with-mysqlclientlib
        --without-mysqlclientlib
        --with-zlib
        --without-zlib
        --with-mysqlclientlib
        --without-mysqlclientlib
        --with-socketlib
        --without-socketlib
        --with-mysqlclientlib
        --without-mysqlclientlib
        --with-nsllib
        --without-nsllib
        --with-mysqlclientlib
        --without-mysqlclientlib
        --with-mygcclib
        --without-mygcclib
        --with-mysqlclientlib
        --without-mysqlclientlib


Gem files will remain installed in /home/poconnor/ruby/gems/gems/mysql-2.9.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /home/poconnor/ruby/gems/gems/mysql-2.9.1/ext/mysql_api/gem_make.out

非常感谢你。

Answer 1

您的设置存在问题。 /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/mysql-2.9.1表示gem已安装在ruby 1.9.1下，但你提到你使用的是ruby 1.9.3。您使用的是ruby版本控制系统，例如RVM或RBENV吗？

<强>更新

根据您的gem environment输出，您的系统ruby设置肯定存在问题。它说它是ruby版本1.9.3，但它指向一个名为1.9.1的文件夹。我的建议是忘记你的系统ruby并安装RBENV（上面链接）。它是RVM的简化版本，我相信它可以解决您的问题。当您决定使用ruby 2及更高版本时，它也将大大简化您的生活。

Answer 2

要验证的项目：

将/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/添加到PATH变量中
在您的脚本中需要'mysql'之前需要'rubygems'＆lt; - 我的不好。这与1.9无关，因为隐含地要求'rubygems'

建议：使用rvm（https://rvm.io/rvm/install）管理ruby和gem安装（使用gemsets）

<强>更新

Josh是正确的，你应该使用像RVM或RBENV这样的ruby版本控制工具，但是在短期内你可以修改你的.bashrc文件并添加：

导出GEM_HOME = $ HOME / ruby / gems
export GEM_PATH = $ GEM_HOME：/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.3
导出GEM_CACHE = $ GEM_HOME / cache
export PATH = $ PATH：$ HOME / ruby / gems / bin

...然后运行source ~/.bashrc将gem路径更改为1.9.3，然后再次gem install mysql。

Answer 3

非常感谢Josh和grenierm5的时间和建议--RBENV是一个很好的帮助，绝对让生活更轻松。

答案是两部分：RBENV解决了我奇怪的环境问题，但后来还解决了mysql的gem安装问题，我不得不安装以下Debian软件包：

apt-get install mysql-client libmysqlclient-dev

这回答：ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension (mysql2 on rails 3.2.3)

没有加载Ruby宝石

3 个答案: