接受与自签名证书的HTTPS连接

时间:2010-01-06 11:20:22

标签: android ssl https httpclient ca

我正在尝试使用HttpClient lib建立HTTPS连接,但问题是,由于证书未由VerisignGlobalSIgn等公认的证书颁发机构(CA)签名,{{ 3}}等等,列在Android受信任证书集上,我不断获得javax.net.ssl.SSLException: Not trusted server certificate

我已经看到了您只需接受所有证书的解决方案,但如果我想询问用户该怎么办?

我希望得到一个类似于浏览器的对话框,让用户决定是否继续。我最好使用与浏览器相同的证书库。有什么想法吗?

13 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:169)

您需要做的第一件事是设置验证级别。 这样的水平并不是那么多:

  • ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER
  • BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER
  • STRICT_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER

虽然方法setHostnameVerifier()对于新的库apache已经过时,但对于Android SDK中的版本是正常的。 因此我们采用ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER并在方法工厂SSLSocketFactory.setHostnameVerifier()中设置它。

接下来,您需要将协议的工厂设置为https。为此,只需调用SchemeRegistry.register()方法。

然后您需要使用DefaultHttpClient创建SingleClientConnManager。 同样在下面的代码中,您可以看到默认情况下也会使用方法ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER

使用我们的标记(HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier()

以下代码适用于我:

HostnameVerifier hostnameVerifier = org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER;

DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();

SchemeRegistry registry = new SchemeRegistry();
SSLSocketFactory socketFactory = SSLSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();
socketFactory.setHostnameVerifier((X509HostnameVerifier) hostnameVerifier);
registry.register(new Scheme("https", socketFactory, 443));
SingleClientConnManager mgr = new SingleClientConnManager(client.getParams(), registry);
DefaultHttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(mgr, client.getParams());

// Set verifier     
HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(hostnameVerifier);

// Example send http request
final String url = "https://encrypted.google.com/";
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

答案 1 :(得分:121)

要从证书颁发机构获得安全连接,需要执行以下主要步骤,这些安全连接不被android平台视为可信任。

根据许多用户的要求,我在这里反映了blog article中最重要的部分:

  1. 获取所有必需的证书(root和任何中间CA)
  2. 使用keytool和BouncyCastle提供程序创建密钥库并导入证书
  3. 在Android应用中加载密钥库并将其用于安全连接(我建议使用Apache HttpClient代替标准java.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection(更容易理解,更高效)
  4. 获取证书

    您必须从端点证书一直到根CA获取构建链的所有证书。这意味着,任何(如果存在)中间CA证书以及根CA证书。您无需获取端点证书。

    创建密钥库

    下载BouncyCastle Provider并将其存储到已知位置。 还要确保可以调用keytool命令(通常位于JRE安装的bin文件夹下)。

    现在将获取的证书(不要导入端点证书)导入到BouncyCastle格式的密钥库中。

    我没有测试过,但我认为导入证书的顺序很重要。这意味着,首先导入最低级别的中级CA证书,然后一直导入根CA证书。

    使用以下命令将创建一个密码 mysecret 的新密钥库(如果尚未存在),并将导入中间CA证书。我还定义了BouncyCastle提供程序,它可以在我的文件系统和密钥库格式中找到。对链中的每个证书执行此命令。

    keytool -importcert -v -trustcacerts -file "path_to_cert/interm_ca.cer" -alias IntermediateCA -keystore "res/raw/myKeystore.bks" -provider org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider -providerpath "path_to_bouncycastle/bcprov-jdk16-145.jar" -storetype BKS -storepass mysecret
    

    验证证书是否已正确导入密钥库:

    keytool -list -keystore "res/raw/myKeystore.bks" -provider org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider -providerpath "path_to_bouncycastle/bcprov-jdk16-145.jar" -storetype BKS -storepass mysecret
    

    应该输出整个链:

    RootCA, 22.10.2010, trustedCertEntry, Thumbprint (MD5): 24:77:D9:A8:91:D1:3B:FA:88:2D:C2:FF:F8:CD:33:93
    IntermediateCA, 22.10.2010, trustedCertEntry, Thumbprint (MD5): 98:0F:C3:F8:39:F7:D8:05:07:02:0D:E3:14:5B:29:43
    

    现在,您可以将密钥库作为原始资源复制到res/raw/

    下的Android应用中

    在您的应用中使用密钥库

    首先,我们必须创建一个使用我们的密钥库进行HTTPS连接的自定义Apache HttpClient:

    public class MyHttpClient extends DefaultHttpClient {
    
      final Context context;
    
      public MyHttpClient(Context context) {
          this.context = context;
      }
    
      @Override
      protected ClientConnectionManager createClientConnectionManager() {
          SchemeRegistry registry = new SchemeRegistry();
          registry.register(new Scheme("http", PlainSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 80));
          // Register for port 443 our SSLSocketFactory with our keystore
          // to the ConnectionManager
          registry.register(new Scheme("https", newSslSocketFactory(), 443));
          return new SingleClientConnManager(getParams(), registry);
      }
    
      private SSLSocketFactory newSslSocketFactory() {
          try {
              // Get an instance of the Bouncy Castle KeyStore format
              KeyStore trusted = KeyStore.getInstance("BKS");
              // Get the raw resource, which contains the keystore with
              // your trusted certificates (root and any intermediate certs)
              InputStream in = context.getResources().openRawResource(R.raw.mykeystore);
              try {
                  // Initialize the keystore with the provided trusted certificates
                  // Also provide the password of the keystore
                  trusted.load(in, "mysecret".toCharArray());
              } finally {
                  in.close();
              }
              // Pass the keystore to the SSLSocketFactory. The factory is responsible
              // for the verification of the server certificate.
              SSLSocketFactory sf = new SSLSocketFactory(trusted);
              // Hostname verification from certificate
              // http://hc.apache.org/httpcomponents-client-ga/tutorial/html/connmgmt.html#d4e506
              sf.setHostnameVerifier(SSLSocketFactory.STRICT_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);
              return sf;
          } catch (Exception e) {
              throw new AssertionError(e);
          }
      }
    }
    

    我们已经创建了自定义HttpClient,现在我们可以将它用于安全连接。例如,当我们对REST资源进行GET调用时。

    // Instantiate the custom HttpClient
    DefaultHttpClient client = new MyHttpClient(getApplicationContext());
    HttpGet get = new HttpGet("https://www.mydomain.ch/rest/contacts/23");
    // Execute the GET call and obtain the response
    HttpResponse getResponse = client.execute(get);
    HttpEntity responseEntity = getResponse.getEntity();
    

    就是这样;)

答案 2 :(得分:15)

如果您在设备上没有自定义/自签名证书,则可以使用以下类加载它并在Android的客户端使用它:

将证书*.crt文件放在/res/raw中,以便R.raw.*

使用以下类获取HTTPClientHttpsURLConnection将使用该证书的套接字工厂:

package com.example.customssl;

import android.content.Context;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.PlainSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.SchemeRegistry;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.AllowAllHostnameVerifier;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.tsccm.ThreadSafeClientConnManager;
import org.apache.http.params.BasicHttpParams;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpParams;

import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URL;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.Certificate;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory;

public class CustomCAHttpsProvider {

    /**
     * Creates a {@link org.apache.http.client.HttpClient} which is configured to work with a custom authority
     * certificate.
     *
     * @param context       Application Context
     * @param certRawResId  R.raw.id of certificate file (*.crt). Should be stored in /res/raw.
     * @param allowAllHosts If true then client will not check server against host names of certificate.
     * @return Http Client.
     * @throws Exception If there is an error initializing the client.
     */
    public static HttpClient getHttpClient(Context context, int certRawResId, boolean allowAllHosts) throws Exception {


        // build key store with ca certificate
        KeyStore keyStore = buildKeyStore(context, certRawResId);

        // init ssl socket factory with key store
        SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory = new SSLSocketFactory(keyStore);

        // skip hostname security check if specified
        if (allowAllHosts) {
            sslSocketFactory.setHostnameVerifier(new AllowAllHostnameVerifier());
        }

        // basic http params for client
        HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();

        // normal scheme registry with our ssl socket factory for "https"
        SchemeRegistry schemeRegistry = new SchemeRegistry();
        schemeRegistry.register(new Scheme("http", PlainSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 80));
        schemeRegistry.register(new Scheme("https", sslSocketFactory, 443));

        // create connection manager
        ThreadSafeClientConnManager cm = new ThreadSafeClientConnManager(params, schemeRegistry);

        // create http client
        return new DefaultHttpClient(cm, params);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a {@link javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection} which is configured to work with a custom authority
     * certificate.
     *
     * @param urlString     remote url string.
     * @param context       Application Context
     * @param certRawResId  R.raw.id of certificate file (*.crt). Should be stored in /res/raw.
     * @param allowAllHosts If true then client will not check server against host names of certificate.
     * @return Http url connection.
     * @throws Exception If there is an error initializing the connection.
     */
    public static HttpsURLConnection getHttpsUrlConnection(String urlString, Context context, int certRawResId,
                                                           boolean allowAllHosts) throws Exception {

        // build key store with ca certificate
        KeyStore keyStore = buildKeyStore(context, certRawResId);

        // Create a TrustManager that trusts the CAs in our KeyStore
        String tmfAlgorithm = TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm();
        TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(tmfAlgorithm);
        tmf.init(keyStore);

        // Create an SSLContext that uses our TrustManager
        SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
        sslContext.init(null, tmf.getTrustManagers(), null);

        // Create a connection from url
        URL url = new URL(urlString);
        HttpsURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        urlConnection.setSSLSocketFactory(sslContext.getSocketFactory());

        // skip hostname security check if specified
        if (allowAllHosts) {
            urlConnection.setHostnameVerifier(new AllowAllHostnameVerifier());
        }

        return urlConnection;
    }

    private static KeyStore buildKeyStore(Context context, int certRawResId) throws KeyStoreException, CertificateException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, IOException {
        // init a default key store
        String keyStoreType = KeyStore.getDefaultType();
        KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(keyStoreType);
        keyStore.load(null, null);

        // read and add certificate authority
        Certificate cert = readCert(context, certRawResId);
        keyStore.setCertificateEntry("ca", cert);

        return keyStore;
    }

    private static Certificate readCert(Context context, int certResourceId) throws CertificateException, IOException {

        // read certificate resource
        InputStream caInput = context.getResources().openRawResource(certResourceId);

        Certificate ca;
        try {
            // generate a certificate
            CertificateFactory cf = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");
            ca = cf.generateCertificate(caInput);
        } finally {
            caInput.close();
        }

        return ca;
    }

}

关键点:

  1. Certificate个对象是从.crt个文件生成的。
  2. 创建默认KeyStore
  3. keyStore.setCertificateEntry("ca", cert)正在将别名" ca"下的证书添加到密钥库。您修改代码以添加更多证书(中间CA等)。
  4. 主要目标是生成SSLSocketFactoryHTTPClientHttpsURLConnection可以使用SSLSocketFactory
  5. {{1}}可以进一步配置,例如跳过主机名验证等。
  6. 有关详情,请访问:http://developer.android.com/training/articles/security-ssl.html

答案 3 :(得分:6)

最佳答案对我不起作用。经过一番调查后,我发现了“Android Developer”所需的信息: https://developer.android.com/training/articles/security-ssl.html#SelfSigned

创建一个X509TrustManager的空实现就可以了:

private static class MyTrustManager implements X509TrustManager
{

    @Override
    public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
         throws CertificateException
    {
    }

    @Override
    public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
        throws CertificateException
    {
    }

    @Override
    public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers()
    {
        return null;
    }

}

...

HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
try
{
    // Create an SSLContext that uses our TrustManager
    SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
    TrustManager[] tmlist = {new MyTrustManager()};
    context.init(null, tmlist, null);
    conn.setSSLSocketFactory(context.getSocketFactory());
}
catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e)
{
    throw new IOException(e);
} catch (KeyManagementException e)
{
    throw new IOException(e);
}
conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
int rcode = conn.getResponseCode();

请注意,TustManager的这个空实现只是一个示例,在高效的环境中使用它会导致严重的安全威胁!

答案 4 :(得分:6)

我很沮丧尝试使用https将我的Android应用程序连接到我的RESTful服务。此外,我对所有建议完全禁用证书检查的答案感到有些恼火。如果你这样做,那么重点是什么?

在谷歌搜索了一段时间之后,我终于找到了this解决方案,其中不需要外部jar,只需Android API。感谢Andrew Smith,他于2014年7月发布了

 /**
 * Set up a connection to myservice.domain using HTTPS. An entire function
 * is needed to do this because myservice.domain has a self-signed certificate.
 * 
 * The caller of the function would do something like:
 * HttpsURLConnection urlConnection = setUpHttpsConnection("https://littlesvr.ca");
 * InputStream in = urlConnection.getInputStream();
 * And read from that "in" as usual in Java
 * 
 * Based on code from:
 * https://developer.android.com/training/articles/security-ssl.html#SelfSigned
 */
public static HttpsURLConnection setUpHttpsConnection(String urlString)
{
    try
    {
        // Load CAs from an InputStream
        // (could be from a resource or ByteArrayInputStream or ...)
        CertificateFactory cf = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");

        // My CRT file that I put in the assets folder
        // I got this file by following these steps:
        // * Go to https://littlesvr.ca using Firefox
        // * Click the padlock/More/Security/View Certificate/Details/Export
        // * Saved the file as littlesvr.crt (type X.509 Certificate (PEM))
        // The MainActivity.context is declared as:
        // public static Context context;
        // And initialized in MainActivity.onCreate() as:
        // MainActivity.context = getApplicationContext();
        InputStream caInput = new BufferedInputStream(MainActivity.context.getAssets().open("littlesvr.crt"));
        Certificate ca = cf.generateCertificate(caInput);
        System.out.println("ca=" + ((X509Certificate) ca).getSubjectDN());

        // Create a KeyStore containing our trusted CAs
        String keyStoreType = KeyStore.getDefaultType();
        KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(keyStoreType);
        keyStore.load(null, null);
        keyStore.setCertificateEntry("ca", ca);

        // Create a TrustManager that trusts the CAs in our KeyStore
        String tmfAlgorithm = TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm();
        TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(tmfAlgorithm);
        tmf.init(keyStore);

        // Create an SSLContext that uses our TrustManager
        SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
        context.init(null, tmf.getTrustManagers(), null);

        // Tell the URLConnection to use a SocketFactory from our SSLContext
        URL url = new URL(urlString);
        HttpsURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpsURLConnection)url.openConnection();
        urlConnection.setSSLSocketFactory(context.getSocketFactory());

        return urlConnection;
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        Log.e(TAG, "Failed to establish SSL connection to server: " + ex.toString());
        return null;
    }
}

它适用于我的模型App。

答案 5 :(得分:6)

Google建议使用Android Volley for HTTP/HTTPS connections,因为HttpClient已弃用。所以,你知道正确的选择:)。

此外,永远不会获得SSL证书(绝对不是!!!)。

核对SSL证书,完全违背SSL的目的,即提升安全性。如果你计划轰炸所有SSL证书,那就没有使用SSL的意识了。一个更好的解决方案是,不使用SSL,或者更好的解决方案,就是在App +上使用Android Volley为HTTP / HTTPS连接创建自定义TrustManager

这是我创建的Gist,使用基本的LoginApp执行HTTPS连接,在服务器端使用自签名证书,在应用程序上接受。

这也是另一个Gist,它可能有助于创建自签名SSL证书,以便在您的服务器上进行设置并在您的应用上使用证书。 非常重要:您必须将上述脚本生成的.crt文件复制到Android项目的“raw”目录中。

答案 6 :(得分:4)

以下是如何向KeyStore添加其他证书以避免此问题:Trusting all certificates using HttpClient over HTTPS

它不会像您要求的那样提示用户,但会降低用户遇到“不信任的服务器证书”错误的可能性。

答案 7 :(得分:2)

创建SSL证书的最简单方法

打开Firefox(我想这也适用于Chrome,但使用FF对我来说更容易)

使用自签名SSL证书访问您的开发站点。

单击证书(站点名称旁边)

点击“更多信息”

点击“查看证书”

点击“详细信息”

点击“导出...”

选择“X.509 Certificate whith chain(PEM)”,选择要保存的文件夹和名称,然后单击“保存”

转到命令行,到下载pem文件的目录并执行“openssl x509 -inform PEM -outform DM -in .pem -out .crt”

将.crt文件复制到Android设备内/ sdcard文件夹的根目录 在您的Android设备中,设置>安全>从存储安装。

它应检测证书并允许您将其添加到设备 浏览到您的开发站点。

第一次应该要求您确认安全例外。就这样。

证书应适用于Android上安装的任何浏览器(浏览器,Chrome,Opera,Dolphin ...)

请记住,如果您从其他域提供静态文件(我们都是页面速度的婊子),您还需要为该域添加证书。

答案 8 :(得分:1)

我写了一个小型库ssl-utils-android来信任Android上的特定证书。

您可以通过从assets目录中提供文件名来加载任何证书。

用法:

OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
SSLContext sslContext = SslUtils.getSslContextForCertificateFile(context, "BPClass2RootCA-sha2.cer");
client.setSslSocketFactory(sslContext.getSocketFactory());

答案 9 :(得分:1)

这些修复程序都不适用于我的开发平台,目标是SDK 16,版本4.1.2,所以我找到了解决方法。

我的应用使用“http://www.example.com/page.php?data=somedata

将数据存储在服务器上

最近page.php已移至“https://www.secure-example.com/page.php”并且我一直收到“javax.net.ssl.SSLException:不受信任的服务器证书”。

我没有接受只有一个页面的所有证书,starting with this guide我在“http://www.example.com/page.php

上发表了我自己的page.php,解决了我的问题。
<?php

caronte ("https://www.secure-example.com/page.php");

function caronte($url) {
    // build curl request
    $ch = curl_init();
    foreach ($_POST as $a => $b) {
        $post[htmlentities($a)]=htmlentities($b);
    }
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL,$url);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS,http_build_query($post));

    // receive server response ...
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
    $server_output = curl_exec ($ch);
    curl_close ($ch);

    echo $server_output;
}

?>

答案 10 :(得分:1)

2020年1月19日的自签名证书问题修正:

要播放视频,图像,为任何自签名证书调用网络服务或连接到任何不安全的url,只需在执行任何操作之前调用此方法,即可解决有关证书问题的问题:

科林码

Install-Package MeCab.DotNet -Version 0.0.26

答案 11 :(得分:0)

也许这会有用......它适用于使用自签名证书的Java客户端(没有检查证书)。小心并仅将其用于开发案例,因为这根本不安全!!

How to ignore SSL certificate errors in Apache HttpClient 4.0

希望它能在Android上运行,只需添加HttpClient库...祝你好运!!

答案 12 :(得分:0)

这是由于缺乏SNI(服务器名称识别)inA,ndroid 2.x而导致的问题。我一直在努力解决这个问题,直到我遇到以下问题,这不仅提供了问题的良好背景,而且提供了一个没有任何安全漏洞的有效解决方案。

'No peer certificate' error in Android 2.3 but NOT in 4