为什么这个模板模板参数不能编译的功能呢?

时间:2013-11-20 09:56:11

标签: c++ function templates parameters

我尝试使用我在上一个问题中得到的优秀答案来理解这个问题,但我不明白为什么这段代码不能编译。

#include <iostream>
#include <ostream>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <vector>
#include <memory>

template <typename T,
          template <typename ELEM,
                    typename = std::allocator<ELEM> >
                    class CONT = std::deque>
class Stack {

public:
  typedef typename CONT<T>::size_type size_type;

  private:
    CONT<T> elems;         // elements

  public:
    void push(T const&);   // push element
    void pop();            // pop element
    T top() const;         // return top element
    bool empty() const {   // return whether the stack is empty
        return elems.empty();
    }

       size_type size();
};

template <typename T, template <typename,typename> class CONT>
void Stack<T,CONT>::push (T const& elem)
{
    elems.push_back(elem);    // append copy of passed elem
}

template<typename T, template <typename,typename> class CONT>
void Stack<T,CONT>::pop ()
{
    if (elems.empty()) {
        throw std::out_of_range("Stack<>::pop(): empty stack");
    }
    elems.pop_back();         // remove last element
}

template <typename T, template <typename,typename> class CONT>
T Stack<T,CONT>::top () const
{
    if (elems.empty()) {
        throw std::out_of_range("Stack<>::top(): empty stack");
    }
    return elems.back();      // return copy of last element
}


template<typename T,
template<typename, typename= std::allocator<T> > class CONT>
typename Stack<T, CONT>::size_type Stack<T, CONT>::size()
{
  return elems.size();
}

template <typename T,
          template <typename ELEM, typename = std::allocator<ELEM> > class CONT>
static inline void Pout(const CONT<T>& container)

{

  typedef typename CONT<T >::size_type size_type;

  size_type idx = 0;
  size_type sz = CONT<T>::size();

  CONT<T> temp = container;
  std::cout << '[';
  while (idx < sz)
  {
    std::cout << temp.top();
    temp.pop();
    idx++;
    if (idx == sz) break;
    std::cout << ", ";
  }
  std::cout << "]";
}


int main()
{
  try {
    Stack<int,   std::vector > vStack;
    //...
    vStack.push(42);
    vStack.push(7);

    Pout<Stack<int,   std::vector > >(vStack);
  }
  catch (std::exception const& ex) {
    std::cerr << "Exception: " << ex.what() << std::endl;
  }
}

我使用g ++ 4.3.4获得了编译器错误:

stack8test.cpp: In function int main():
stack8test.cpp:28: error: no matching function for call to Pout(Stack<int, std::vector>&)
make: *** [stack8test.o] Error 1

我将非常感谢您的帮助。

我做了更改以注释掉函数调用Pout&gt;(vStack)并将vStack的内容打印到std :: cout。这是新代码。它按预期编译和工作:

#include <iostream>
#include <ostream>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <vector>
#include <memory>

#include <deque>
#include <stdexcept>

template <typename T,
          template <typename ELEM,
                    typename = std::allocator<ELEM> >
                    class CONT = std::deque>
class Stack {

public:
  typedef typename CONT<T>::size_type size_type;
  typedef typename CONT<T>::value_type value_type;

  private:
    CONT<T> elems;         // elements

  public:
    void push(T const&);   // push element
    void pop();            // pop element
    T top() const;         // return top element
    bool empty() const {   // return whether the stack is empty
        return elems.empty();
    }

    size_type size();
    void Pout();
};

template <typename T, template <typename,typename> class CONT>
void Stack<T,CONT>::push (T const& elem)
{
    elems.push_back(elem);    // append copy of passed elem
}

template<typename T, template <typename,typename> class CONT>
void Stack<T,CONT>::pop ()
{
    if (elems.empty()) {
        throw std::out_of_range("Stack<>::pop(): empty stack");
    }
    elems.pop_back();         // remove last element
}

template <typename T, template <typename,typename> class CONT>
T Stack<T,CONT>::top () const
{
    if (elems.empty()) {
        throw std::out_of_range("Stack<>::top(): empty stack");
    }
    return elems.back();      // return copy of last element
}


template<typename T,
template<typename, typename= std::allocator<T> > class CONT>
typename Stack<T, CONT>::size_type Stack<T, CONT>::size()
{
  return elems.size();
}


template <typename T,
template<typename, typename = std::allocator<T> > class CONT>
void Stack<T, CONT>::Pout()
{

  size_type idx = 0;
  size_type sz = size();

  CONT<T>  temp(elems); // make a temp copy of the underlying container and print the temp, since printing is destructive. Note that the underlying CONT must already support copy constructor.

  std::cout << std::endl << '[';
  while (idx < sz)
  {
    std::cout << temp.back();
    temp.pop_back();
    idx++;
    if (idx == sz) break;
    std::cout << ", ";
  }
  std::cout << "]" << std::endl;;

}
template <typename T,
          template <typename ELEM, typename = std::allocator<ELEM> > class CONT>
void Pout(const CONT<T>& container)

{

  typedef typename CONT<T >::size_type size_type;

  size_type idx = 0;
  size_type sz = CONT<T>::size();

  CONT<T> temp = container;
  std::cout << '[';
  while (idx < sz)
  {
    std::cout << temp.top();
    temp.pop();
    idx++;
    if (idx == sz) break;
    std::cout << ", ";
  }
  std::cout << "]";
}


int main()
{
  try {
    Stack<int,   std::vector > vStack;
    //...
    vStack.push(42);
    vStack.push(7);

//    Pout<Stack<int,   std::vector > >(vStack);
    vStack.Pout();
    std::cout << "vStack = [" << vStack.top(); vStack.pop();
    std::cout << ", " << vStack.top() << "]" << std::endl; vStack.pop();
  }
  catch (std::exception const& ex) {
    std::cerr << "Exception: " << ex.what() << std::endl;
  }
}

编译器输出为:

g++ -O2 -g -Wall -c -o stack8test stack8test.cpp

运行程序,我得到了:

./stack8test 
vStack = [7, 42]

我真正的问题是找到函数模板Pout的正确语法来打印出我的类模板Stack的内容。为了澄清,我的意图是将类模板Stack实现为类型为T的元素的容器。我想根据std :: vector或std :: deque类型的std容器实现Stack,甚至std :: list 。

我打电话给Pout:

Pout<int, Stack<int, std::vector>>(vStack);

但是编译器仍然说:

stack8test.cpp: In function int main():
stack8test.cpp:137: error: no matching function for call to Pout(Stack<int, std::vector>&)
make: *** [stack8test.o] Error 1

更新:为了解决我的原始(即非成员)函数的原始问题,将我的Stack的内容打印到std :: cout,我已经定义了Pout()作为会员功能。它编译并按预期工作。找到全局函数的正确语法仍然是一个挑战。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

你的事情太复杂了。您应该让编译器尽可能多地为您推断出信息,而不是编写

template <typename T,
      template <typename ELEM, typename = std::allocator<ELEM> > class CONT>
static inline void Pout(const CONT<T>& container)

简单地写

template <class CONT>
static inline void Pout(const CONT& container)

这是在STL中完成的。如果您需要访问容器的基础类型,请再次使用STL方法并将value_type typedef添加到类中:

class Stack {
public:
  ...
  typedef T value_type;
  ...
}

然后,您可以在CONT::value_type函数中访问它。但是,您甚至不在Pout函数中使用此信息。

其他一些错误:

  • size功能标记为const,因为它应该是
  • 除非您100%确定自己知道自己在做什么,否则请不要使用static inline说明符。可能,你不是。

在修复这些错误后编译代码,但总体设计很差。