缺少表的FROM子句条目

时间:2013-11-14 10:53:23

标签: sql database postgresql greatest-n-per-group

我编写了以下SQL语句来从两个表gendata&中获取数据。 TrainingMatrix

SELECT * FROM (SELECT DISTINCT ON ("TrainingMatrix".payroll, "TrainingName", "Institute")"gendata"."Employee Name","gendata"."Position", "gendata"."Department",  "TrainingMatrix".* 
FROM "TrainingMatrix" JOIN "gendata" ON "TrainingMatrix".payroll = "gendata".payroll 
ORDER  BY payroll, "TrainingName", "Institute" ,"TrainingDate" DESC NULLS LAST) AS foo;

它工作正常,但我需要通过以下方式过滤记录:

WHERE "TrainingMatrix"."ExpiryDate" - current_date <= 0 
AND  EXTRACT(YEAR FROM  "TrainingMatrix"."ExpiryDate") = EXTRACT(YEAR FROM current_date);

因此,原始SQL语句将是:

SELECT * FROM (SELECT DISTINCT ON ("TrainingMatrix".payroll, "TrainingName", "Institute")"gendata"."Employee Name","gendata"."Position", "gendata"."Department",  "TrainingMatrix".* 
FROM "TrainingMatrix" JOIN "gendata" ON "TrainingMatrix".payroll = "gendata".payroll 
ORDER  BY payroll, "TrainingName", "Institute" ,"TrainingDate" DESC NULLS LAST) AS foo WHERE "TrainingMatrix"."ExpiryDate" - current_date <= 0 
AND  EXTRACT(YEAR FROM  "TrainingMatrix"."ExpiryDate") = EXTRACT(YEAR FROM current_date);

但我收到了这个错误:

  

错误:表“TrainingMatrix”LINE 3缺少FROM子句条目:   ...... te“,”TrainingDate“DESC NULLS LAST)AS Foo WHERE”TrainingM ...

我正在使用PostgreSQL。任何建议的人?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:7)

100%@a_horse already said。还有几件事:

  • 格式化您的查询,以便在您尝试调试之前很容易阅读和理解。在您在公共论坛上发帖之前更是如此。

  • 使用table aliases,特别是使用您不幸的CaMeL案例名称,以便于阅读。

  • 在查询中提供您的表格定义或至少 table-qualify 列名称,以便我们有机会解析它。您的直接问题已在下面的查询中修复。您还可以相应地替换?.

    • t .. "TrainingMatrix"
    • 的别名
    • g .. gendata
    • 的别名

SELECT *
FROM  (
    SELECT DISTINCT ON (t.payroll, ?."TrainingName", ?."Institute")
           g."Employee Name", g."Position", g."Department",  t.* 
    FROM   "TrainingMatrix" t
    JOIN   gendata          g  ON g.payroll = t.payroll 
    ORDER  BY t.payroll, ?."TrainingName", ?."Institute"
         , ?."TrainingDate" DESC NULLS LAST
    ) AS foo
WHERE  foo."ExpiryDate" - current_date <= 0 
AND    EXTRACT(YEAR FROM  foo."ExpiryDate") = EXTRACT(YEAR FROM current_date);

但还有更多。

  • 像@a_horse写的那样,使用必须一直双引号的非法标识符是个坏主意。但是,带有封闭空格字符的标识符更糟糕:"Employee Name"。这距离自制的SQL注入还有一步之遥。

  • 您的其他过滤器的措辞对性能不利

    WHERE  "ExpiryDate" - current_date <= 0 
    

    不是sargable因此不能使用普通索引。抛开这一点,它也比它需要的更昂贵。改为使用:

    WHERE "ExpiryDate" >= current_date
    

    类似于你的第二个表达式,应该重写为:

    WHERE  "ExpiryDate" >= date_trunc('year', current_date)
    AND    "ExpiryDate"  < date_trunc('year', current_date) + interval '1 year'
    

    结合两者,我们可以删除冗余表达式:

    WHERE  "ExpiryDate" >= current_date
    AND    "ExpiryDate"  < date_trunc('year', current_date) + interval '1 year'
    
  • 您的问题含糊不清。是否要在DISTINCT之前或之后应用其他过滤器?结果不同。
    假设在 DISTINCT之前的,您不需要子查询 - 这会消除您的直接问题的原因:子查询没有别的别名。

所有在一起:

SELECT DISTINCT ON (t.payroll, "TrainingName", "Institute") 
       g."Employee Name", g."Position", g."Department", t.* 
FROM   "TrainingMatrix" t
JOIN   gendata          g USING (payroll)
WHERE  t."ExpiryDate" >= current_date
AND    t."ExpiryDate" <  date_trunc('year', current_date) + interval '1 year'
ORDER  BY t.payroll, "TrainingName", "Institute", "TrainingDate" DESC NULLS LAST

答案 1 :(得分:6)

当您将实际查询包装到派生表(select .. from (...) as foo)中时,您的“表格”不再被称为TrainingMatrix。您需要使用用于派生表的别名来引用它:

select *
from (
  ... you original query ..
) as foo
where foo."ExpiryDate" - current_date <= 0
and   extract(year from foo."ExpiryDate") = extract(year from current_date)

顺便说一句:我建议你停止使用引用标识符"ExpiryDate",使用区分大小写的名称通常会给你带来更多的麻烦。