Ubuntu - Python - Apache2 - Mod_WSGI - Django：没有名为/ TypeError / TemplateSyntaxError /'str'对象的模块不可调用

时间：2013-11-07 20:20:55

标签： python django apache ubuntu mod-wsgi

编辑：我可能已经包含了太多信息，但我注意到在urls.py中，如果我将名称更改为不存在的项目或应用程序，我会得到名为error的No模块，但是如果它被更改为现有的一个，我会收到'str' object is not callable错误。这可能是我的主要问题，是什么导致我再次猜测我的网址设置。我愿意质疑编辑/建议。

所以我一直在开发动态PHP网站，但我开始使用python，我喜欢它的工作方式。我得到了mod_wsgi，并想出了如何提供页面，但后来意识到没有web框架，我不能只发布$ _REQUEST ['data']。所以我试图让Django工作，但我似乎无法得到意见。它一直说没有模块名称truprecision_us但该文件夹存在__init __。py。

在httpd.conf中我有WSGIScriptAlias / /usr/lib/cgi-bin/root.py

root.py是：

import os
import sys

os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'settings'

import django.core.handlers.wsgi
application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()

path = '/pythonProjects/truprecision_us/'
if path not in sys.path:
    sys.path.append(path)

注意我的项目目录

有sys.path.append

__ init__.py为空

manage.py是库存

#!/usr/bin/env python
from django.core.management import execute_manager
import imp
try:
    imp.find_module('settings') # Assumed to be in the same directory.
except ImportError:
    import sys
    sys.stderr.write("Error: Can't find the file 'settings.py' in the directory containing %r. It appears you've customized things.\nYou'll have to run django-admin.py, passing it your settings module.\n" % __file__)
    sys.exit(1)

import settings

if __name__ == "__main__":
    execute_manager(settings)

settings.py是最多的股票，除了我在INSTALLED_APPS中为我的观点添加了两行，我认为我遇到了问题。我试过在IRC频道上询问并搜索答案，但无济于事。

# Django settings for truprecision_us project.

DEBUG = True
TEMPLATE_DEBUG = DEBUG

ADMINS = (
    # ('Your Name', 'your_email@example.com'),
)

MANAGERS = ADMINS

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.', # Add 'postgresql_psycopg2', 'postgresql', 'mysql', 'sqlite3' or 'oracle'.
        'NAME': '',                      # Or path to database file if using sqlite3.
        'USER': '',                      # Not used with sqlite3.
        'PASSWORD': '',                  # Not used with sqlite3.
        'HOST': '',                      # Set to empty string for localhost. Not used with sqlite3.
        'PORT': '',                      # Set to empty string for default. Not used with sqlite3.
    }
}

# Hosts/domain names that are valid for this site; required if DEBUG is False
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/{{ docs_version }}/ref/settings/#allowed-hosts
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

# Local time zone for this installation. Choices can be found here:
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_zones_by_name
# although not all choices may be available on all operating systems.
# On Unix systems, a value of None will cause Django to use the same
# timezone as the operating system.
# If running in a Windows environment this must be set to the same as your
# system time zone.
TIME_ZONE = 'America/New_York'

# Language code for this installation. All choices can be found here:
# http://www.i18nguy.com/unicode/language-identifiers.html
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

SITE_ID = 1

# If you set this to False, Django will make some optimizations so as not
# to load the internationalization machinery.
USE_I18N = True

# If you set this to False, Django will not format dates, numbers and
# calendars according to the current locale
USE_L10N = True

# Absolute filesystem path to the directory that will hold user-uploaded files.
# Example: "/home/media/media.lawrence.com/media/"
MEDIA_ROOT = ''

# URL that handles the media served from MEDIA_ROOT. Make sure to use a
# trailing slash.
# Examples: "http://media.lawrence.com/media/", "http://example.com/media/"
MEDIA_URL = ''

# Absolute path to the directory static files should be collected to.
# Don't put anything in this directory yourself; store your static files
# in apps' "static/" subdirectories and in STATICFILES_DIRS.
# Example: "/home/media/media.lawrence.com/static/"
STATIC_ROOT = ''

# URL prefix for static files.
# Example: "http://media.lawrence.com/static/"
STATIC_URL = '/static/'

# URL prefix for admin static files -- CSS, JavaScript and images.
# Make sure to use a trailing slash.
# Examples: "http://foo.com/static/admin/", "/static/admin/".
ADMIN_MEDIA_PREFIX = '/static/admin/'

# Additional locations of static files
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    # Put strings here, like "/home/html/static" or "C:/www/django/static".
    # Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
    # Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
)

# List of finder classes that know how to find static files in
# various locations.
STATICFILES_FINDERS = (
    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder',
#    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.DefaultStorageFinder',
)

# Make this unique, and don't share it with anybody.
SECRET_KEY = 'q=_je0#v-bwu$bni!pc#^^jdgh9g212e)+^n6$4c2f(8s1k2cw'

# List of callables that know how to import templates from various sources.
TEMPLATE_LOADERS = (
    'django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader',
    'django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader',
#     'django.template.loaders.eggs.Loader',
)

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
)

ROOT_URLCONF = 'urls'

TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
    # Put strings here, like "/home/html/django_templates" or "C:/www/django/templates".
    # Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
    # Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
)

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.sites',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'views',
    'polls'
    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
    # 'django.contrib.admin',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
    # 'django.contrib.admindocs',
)

# A sample logging configuration. The only tangible logging
# performed by this configuration is to send an email to
# the site admins on every HTTP 500 error.
# See http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/logging for
# more details on how to customize your logging configuration.
LOGGING = {
    'version': 1,
    'disable_existing_loggers': False,
    'handlers': {
        'mail_admins': {
            'level': 'ERROR',
            'class': 'django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler'
        }
    },
    'loggers': {
        'django.request': {
            'handlers': ['mail_admins'],
            'level': 'ERROR',
            'propagate': True,
        },
    }
}

您会注意到我添加了“观看次数”和“民意调查”。现在我不知道哪个是正确的方法，因为它们似乎都不起作用。现在的方式我得到了这个：

ViewDoesNotExist at /

Could not import truprecision_us. Error was: No module named truprecision_us

Request Method:     GET
Request URL:    https://truprecision.us/
Django Version:     1.3.1
Exception Type:     ViewDoesNotExist
Exception Value:    

Could not import truprecision_us. Error was: No module named truprecision_us

Exception Location:     /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py in _get_callback, line 167
Python Executable:  /usr/bin/python
Python Version:     2.7.3
Python Path:    

['/pythonProjects/jobManager',
 '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/truprecision_us-2.0-py2.7.egg',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-old',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload',
 '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PIL',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gst-0.10',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtk-2.0',
 '/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntu-sso-client',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-client',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-control-panel',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-couch',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-installer',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-storage-protocol',
 '/pythonProjects/truprecision_us/']

如果我将其更改为'trupecision_us.views'，我会收到一个内部服务器错误但它没有捕获并向浏览器显示调试它说：  TemplateSyntaxError: Caught ImportError while rendering: No module named truprecision_us.views

我的urls.py看起来像这样：

from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, include, url

# Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin:
# from django.contrib import admin
# admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # Examples:
     url(r'^$', 'truprecision_us.views', name='index'),
    # url(r'^truprecision_us/', include('truprecision_us.foo.urls')),

    # Uncomment the admin/doc line below to enable admin documentation:
    # url(r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')),

    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
    # url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
)

我的views.py看起来像这样：

from django.http import HttpResponse


def results(request):
    test = 1
    return test

我甚至将带有easy_install的.egg-links添加到我的/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages中无济于事。我无法弄清楚为什么这个模块不存在。现在，如果我将settings.py INSTALLED_APPS更改为：

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.sites',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'views'
    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
    # 'django.contrib.admin',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
    # 'django.contrib.admindocs',
)

和我的urls.py：

from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, include, url

# Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin:
# from django.contrib import admin
# admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # Examples:
     url(r'^$', 'truprecision_us', name='index'),
    # url(r'^truprecision_us/', include('truprecision_us.foo.urls')),

    # Uncomment the admin/doc line below to enable admin documentation:
    # url(r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')),

    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
    # url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
)

我明白了：

TypeError at /

'str' object is not callable

Request Method:     GET
Request URL:    https://truprecision.us/
Django Version:     1.3.1
Exception Type:     TypeError
Exception Value:    

'str' object is not callable

Exception Location:     /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py in get_response, line 111
Python Executable:  /usr/bin/python
Python Version:     2.7.3
Python Path:    

['/pythonProjects/jobManager',
 '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/truprecision_us-2.0-py2.7.egg',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-old',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload',
 '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PIL',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gst-0.10',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtk-2.0',
 '/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntu-sso-client',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-client',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-control-panel',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-couch',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-installer',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-storage-protocol',
 '/pythonProjects/truprecision_us/']

Server time:    Thu, 7 Nov 2013 15:13:19 -0500

Traceback:
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in get_response
  111.                         response = callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)

Exception Type: TypeError at /
Exception Value: 'str' object is not callable

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：0)

问题在于您的项目结构，以及您在INSTALLED_APPS文件中定义urls.py和观看的方式。两个不同的项目结构可以是：

/path/to/PROJECT/manage.py
/path/to/PROJECT/urls.py
/path/to/PROJECT/APP/views.py

url(r'^$', 'APP.views.index', name='index'), # when index is a function in APP.views

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'APP',
)

或

/path/to/PROJECT/manage.py
/path/to/PROJECT/urls.py
/path/to/PROJECT/PROJECT/APP/views.py

url(r'^$', 'PROJECT.APP.views.index', name='index'), # when index is a function in APP.views
INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'PROJECT.APP',
)

因此，根据您的文件夹结构，您应该使用格式正确的dotted.path命名已安装的应用和网址。请注意，manage.py的“距离”决定了在INSTALLED_APPS和urls.py中指定应用时应如何格式化dotted.path。

编辑：

所以，你的结构看起来像这样：

/path/to/pythonProjects/truprecision_us/manage.py
/path/to/pythonProjects/truprecision_us/urls.py
/path/to/pythonProjects/truprecision_us/settings.py
/path/to/pythonProjects/truprecision_us/polls/views.py
/path/to/pythonProjects/truprecision_us/polls/models.py

您的项目名称为truprecision_us。这不是应用程序的名称！在项目目录中放置views.py并不意味着它成为一个应用程序。你想要做的是：

python manage.py startapp truprecision_us

那应该创建以下文件夹和文件：

/path/to/pythonProjects/truprecision_us/truprecision_us/views.py
/path/to/pythonProjects/truprecision_us/truprecision_us/models.py

现在，您安装的应用应该是：

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.sites',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'truprecision_us',
    'polls'
)

你的网址应该是：

urlpatterns = patterns('',
     url(r'^$', 'truprecision_us.views.index', name='main_index'),
     url(r'^polls/$', 'polls.views.index', name='poll_index'),    
)

上面的网址假设您在index个文件中都有一个名为views.py的函数：

truprcecision_us / views.py：

def index(request):
    # do something
    return render_to('truprecision/index.html', {'context_key':'value'})

轮询/ views.py：

def index(request):
    # do something
    return render_to('truprecision/index.html', {'context_key':'value'})

您可以通过首先运行开发服务器来测试您是否正确设置了django：

python manage.py runserver

答案 1 :(得分：0)

你有没有试过像

这样的东西

from truprecision_us import views

在urls.py中

？然后尝试

url(r'^$', 'truprecision_us.views.results', name='results')

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