扩展Python中的英语语言收缩

Question

英语有a couple of contractions。例如：

you've -> you have
he's -> he is

当您进行自然语言处理时，这些有时会引起头痛。是否有Python库可以扩展这些收缩？

Answer 1

我将维基百科收缩到扩展页面变成了python字典（见下文）

请注意，正如您所料，您在查询字典时肯定要使用双引号：

另外，我在维基百科页面中留下了多个选项。随意修改它你想要的。请注意，消除对正确扩展的歧义将是一个棘手的问题！

contractions = { 
"ain't": "am not / are not / is not / has not / have not",
"aren't": "are not / am not",
"can't": "cannot",
"can't've": "cannot have",
"'cause": "because",
"could've": "could have",
"couldn't": "could not",
"couldn't've": "could not have",
"didn't": "did not",
"doesn't": "does not",
"don't": "do not",
"hadn't": "had not",
"hadn't've": "had not have",
"hasn't": "has not",
"haven't": "have not",
"he'd": "he had / he would",
"he'd've": "he would have",
"he'll": "he shall / he will",
"he'll've": "he shall have / he will have",
"he's": "he has / he is",
"how'd": "how did",
"how'd'y": "how do you",
"how'll": "how will",
"how's": "how has / how is / how does",
"I'd": "I had / I would",
"I'd've": "I would have",
"I'll": "I shall / I will",
"I'll've": "I shall have / I will have",
"I'm": "I am",
"I've": "I have",
"isn't": "is not",
"it'd": "it had / it would",
"it'd've": "it would have",
"it'll": "it shall / it will",
"it'll've": "it shall have / it will have",
"it's": "it has / it is",
"let's": "let us",
"ma'am": "madam",
"mayn't": "may not",
"might've": "might have",
"mightn't": "might not",
"mightn't've": "might not have",
"must've": "must have",
"mustn't": "must not",
"mustn't've": "must not have",
"needn't": "need not",
"needn't've": "need not have",
"o'clock": "of the clock",
"oughtn't": "ought not",
"oughtn't've": "ought not have",
"shan't": "shall not",
"sha'n't": "shall not",
"shan't've": "shall not have",
"she'd": "she had / she would",
"she'd've": "she would have",
"she'll": "she shall / she will",
"she'll've": "she shall have / she will have",
"she's": "she has / she is",
"should've": "should have",
"shouldn't": "should not",
"shouldn't've": "should not have",
"so've": "so have",
"so's": "so as / so is",
"that'd": "that would / that had",
"that'd've": "that would have",
"that's": "that has / that is",
"there'd": "there had / there would",
"there'd've": "there would have",
"there's": "there has / there is",
"they'd": "they had / they would",
"they'd've": "they would have",
"they'll": "they shall / they will",
"they'll've": "they shall have / they will have",
"they're": "they are",
"they've": "they have",
"to've": "to have",
"wasn't": "was not",
"we'd": "we had / we would",
"we'd've": "we would have",
"we'll": "we will",
"we'll've": "we will have",
"we're": "we are",
"we've": "we have",
"weren't": "were not",
"what'll": "what shall / what will",
"what'll've": "what shall have / what will have",
"what're": "what are",
"what's": "what has / what is",
"what've": "what have",
"when's": "when has / when is",
"when've": "when have",
"where'd": "where did",
"where's": "where has / where is",
"where've": "where have",
"who'll": "who shall / who will",
"who'll've": "who shall have / who will have",
"who's": "who has / who is",
"who've": "who have",
"why's": "why has / why is",
"why've": "why have",
"will've": "will have",
"won't": "will not",
"won't've": "will not have",
"would've": "would have",
"wouldn't": "would not",
"wouldn't've": "would not have",
"y'all": "you all",
"y'all'd": "you all would",
"y'all'd've": "you all would have",
"y'all're": "you all are",
"y'all've": "you all have",
"you'd": "you had / you would",
"you'd've": "you would have",
"you'll": "you shall / you will",
"you'll've": "you shall have / you will have",
"you're": "you are",
"you've": "you have"
}

Answer 2

您不需要库，例如可以使用reg exp。

>>> import re
>>> contractions_dict = {
...     'didn\'t': 'did not',
...     'don\'t': 'do not',
... }
>>> contractions_re = re.compile('(%s)' % '|'.join(contractions_dict.keys()))
>>> def expand_contractions(s, contractions_dict=contractions_dict):
...     def replace(match):
...         return contractions_dict[match.group(0)]
...     return contractions_re.sub(replace, s)
...
>>> expand_contractions('You don\'t need a library')
'You do not need a library'

Answer 3

上面的答案将非常有效，并且可能更适合模糊的收缩（尽管我认为没有那么多含糊不清的案例）。我会使用更易读，更易于维护的东西：

import re

def decontracted(phrase):
    # specific
    phrase = re.sub(r"won\'t", "will not", phrase)
    phrase = re.sub(r"can\'t", "can not", phrase)

    # general
    phrase = re.sub(r"n\'t", " not", phrase)
    phrase = re.sub(r"\'re", " are", phrase)
    phrase = re.sub(r"\'s", " is", phrase)
    phrase = re.sub(r"\'d", " would", phrase)
    phrase = re.sub(r"\'ll", " will", phrase)
    phrase = re.sub(r"\'t", " not", phrase)
    phrase = re.sub(r"\'ve", " have", phrase)
    phrase = re.sub(r"\'m", " am", phrase)
    return phrase


test = "Hey I'm Yann, how're you and how's it going ? That's interesting: I'd love to hear more about it."
print(decontracted(test))
# Hey I am Yann, how are you and how is it going ? That is interesting: I would love to hear more about it.

虽然可能会有一些我没想到的缺陷。

从my other answer

转发

Answer 4

这是一个非常酷且易于使用的库 https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pycontractions/1.0.1

使用示例（详见链接）：

from pycontractions import Contractions

# Load your favorite word2vec model
cont = Contractions('GoogleNews-vectors-negative300.bin')

# optional, prevents loading on first expand_texts call
cont.load_models()

out = list(cont.expand_texts(["I'd like to know how I'd done that!",
                            "We're going to the zoo and I don't think I'll be home for dinner.",
                            "Theyre going to the zoo and she'll be home for dinner."], precise=True))
print(out)

您还需要GoogleNews-vectors-negative300.bin，链接在上面的pycontractions链接中下载。 * python3中的示例代码。

Answer 5

我想在这里对alko的答案加以补充。如果你检查维基百科，那么所提到的英语语言收缩的数量少于100.但实际情况下，这个数字可能会超过这个数字。但是，我仍然相信英语收缩词会有200-300个单词。现在，你想为那些获得一个单独的库（我不认为你想要的东西确实存在）吗？但是，您可以使用字典和使用正则表达式轻松解决此问题。我建议使用一个很好的标记器Natural Language Toolkit，其余的你应该没有问题。

Answer 6

我为此找到了一个库，contractions非常简单。

import contractions
print(contractions.fix("you've"))
print(contractions.fix("he's"))

输出：

you have
he is

Answer 7

收缩库确实很棒，并且可以照顾很多品种。 您也可以只使用contractions.add（）方法添加自己的收缩。

查看github页面here了解详情。

Answer 8

def expand_contractions(text, contraction_mapping=CONTRACTION_MAP):
    # contraction_mapping is a dictionary of words having the compact form
    contractions_pattern = re.compile('({})'.format('|'.join(contraction_mapping.keys())),flags=re.IGNORECASE|re.DOTALL)
    def expand_match(contraction):
        match = contraction.group(0)
        first_char = match[0]
        expanded_contraction = contraction_mapping.get(match) \
                                   if contraction_mapping.get(match) \
                                    else contraction_mapping.get(match.lower())                       
        expanded_contraction = first_char+expanded_contraction[1:]
        return expanded_contraction
        
    expanded_text = contractions_pattern.sub(expand_match, text)
    expanded_text = re.sub("'", "", expanded_text)
    return expanded_text

Answer 9

即使这是一个老问题，我想我也可以回答，因为就我所见，目前仍然没有真正的解决方案。

我不得不在一个相关的NLP项目上研究这个问题，我决定解决这个问题，因为这里似乎没什么。如果您有兴趣，可以查看我的expander github repository。

这是一个相当糟糕的优化（我认为）程序，基于NLTK，Stanford Core NLP模型，您必须单独下载，the dictionary in the previous answer。所有必要的信息都应该在README和大量注释的代码中。我知道注释代码是死代码，但这就是我写的方式，以便为自己保持清晰。

expander.py中的示例输入是以下句子：

    ["I won't let you get away with that",  # won't ->  will not
    "I'm a bad person",  # 'm -> am
    "It's his cat anyway",  # 's -> is
    "It's not what you think",  # 's -> is
    "It's a man's world",  # 's -> is and 's possessive
    "Catherine's been thinking about it",  # 's -> has
    "It'll be done",  # 'll -> will
    "Who'd've thought!",  # 'd -> would, 've -> have
    "She said she'd go.",  # she'd -> she would
    "She said she'd gone.",  # she'd -> had
    "Y'all'd've a great time, wouldn't it be so cold!", # Y'all'd've -> You all would have, wouldn't -> would not
    " My name is Jack.",   # No replacements.
    "'Tis questionable whether Ma'am should be going.", # 'Tis -> it is, Ma'am -> madam
    "As history tells, 'twas the night before Christmas.", # 'Twas -> It was
    "Martha, Peter and Christine've been indulging in a menage-à-trois."] # 've -> have

输出

    ["I will not let you get away with that",
    "I am a bad person",
    "It is his cat anyway",
    "It is not what you think",
    "It is a man's world",
    "Catherine has been thinking about it",
    "It will be done",
    "Who would have thought!",
    "She said she would go.",
    "She said she had gone.",
    "You all would have a great time, would not it be so cold!",
    "My name is Jack.",
    "It is questionable whether Madam should be going.",
    "As history tells, it was the night before Christmas.",
    "Martha, Peter and Christine have been indulging in a menage-à-trois."]

因此，对于这一小组测试句，我想出了一些边缘案例，它运作良好。

由于这个项目现在已经失去了重要性，我不再积极地开发它了。对此项目的任何帮助将不胜感激。要完成的事情写在TODO列表中。或者如果你有关于如何改进我的python的任何提示，我也会非常感激。