我正在编写一个需要执行管理任务的pyqt应用程序。我更喜欢用提升权限启动我的脚本。我知道在SO或其他论坛中多次询问此问题。但人们建议的解决方案是看看这个SO问题 Request UAC elevation from within a Python script?
但是，我无法执行链接中给出的示例代码。我已将此代码放在主文件的顶部并尝试执行它。
import os
import sys
import win32com.shell.shell as shell
ASADMIN = 'asadmin'
if sys.argv[-1] != ASADMIN:
script = os.path.abspath(sys.argv[0])
params = ' '.join([script] + sys.argv[1:] + [ASADMIN])
shell.ShellExecuteEx(lpVerb='runas', lpFile=sys.executable, lpParameters=params)
sys.exit(0)
print "I am root now."
它实际上要求提升权限，但打印行永远不会被执行。有人可以帮我成功运行上面的代码。提前谢谢。
答案 0 :(得分：65)
谢谢大家的回复。我的脚本使用了Preston Landers在2010年编写的模块/脚本。经过两天浏览互联网后，我可以找到脚本，因为它被深深隐藏在pywin32邮件列表中。使用此脚本可以更轻松地检查用户是否为admin，如果没有，则请求UAC / admin权限。它确实在单独的窗口中提供输出以找出代码正在做什么。有关如何使用脚本中包含的代码的示例。为了所有在Windows上寻找UAC的人的利益，请查看此代码。我希望它可以帮助寻找相同解决方案的人。可以在主脚本中使用它： -
import admin
if not admin.isUserAdmin():
admin.runAsAdmin()
实际代码是： -
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8; mode: python; py-indent-offset: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-
# vim: fileencoding=utf-8 tabstop=4 expandtab shiftwidth=4
# (C) COPYRIGHT © Preston Landers 2010
# Released under the same license as Python 2.6.5
import sys, os, traceback, types
def isUserAdmin():
if os.name == 'nt':
import ctypes
# WARNING: requires Windows XP SP2 or higher!
try:
return ctypes.windll.shell32.IsUserAnAdmin()
except:
traceback.print_exc()
print "Admin check failed, assuming not an admin."
return False
elif os.name == 'posix':
# Check for root on Posix
return os.getuid() == 0
else:
raise RuntimeError, "Unsupported operating system for this module: %s" % (os.name,)
def runAsAdmin(cmdLine=None, wait=True):
if os.name != 'nt':
raise RuntimeError, "This function is only implemented on Windows."
import win32api, win32con, win32event, win32process
from win32com.shell.shell import ShellExecuteEx
from win32com.shell import shellcon
python_exe = sys.executable
if cmdLine is None:
cmdLine = [python_exe] + sys.argv
elif type(cmdLine) not in (types.TupleType,types.ListType):
raise ValueError, "cmdLine is not a sequence."
cmd = '"%s"' % (cmdLine[0],)
# XXX TODO: isn't there a function or something we can call to massage command line params?
params = " ".join(['"%s"' % (x,) for x in cmdLine[1:]])
cmdDir = ''
showCmd = win32con.SW_SHOWNORMAL
#showCmd = win32con.SW_HIDE
lpVerb = 'runas' # causes UAC elevation prompt.
# print "Running", cmd, params
# ShellExecute() doesn't seem to allow us to fetch the PID or handle
# of the process, so we can't get anything useful from it. Therefore
# the more complex ShellExecuteEx() must be used.
# procHandle = win32api.ShellExecute(0, lpVerb, cmd, params, cmdDir, showCmd)
procInfo = ShellExecuteEx(nShow=showCmd,
fMask=shellcon.SEE_MASK_NOCLOSEPROCESS,
lpVerb=lpVerb,
lpFile=cmd,
lpParameters=params)
if wait:
procHandle = procInfo['hProcess']
obj = win32event.WaitForSingleObject(procHandle, win32event.INFINITE)
rc = win32process.GetExitCodeProcess(procHandle)
#print "Process handle %s returned code %s" % (procHandle, rc)
else:
rc = None
return rc
def test():
rc = 0
if not isUserAdmin():
print "You're not an admin.", os.getpid(), "params: ", sys.argv
#rc = runAsAdmin(["c:\\Windows\\notepad.exe"])
rc = runAsAdmin()
else:
print "You are an admin!", os.getpid(), "params: ", sys.argv
rc = 0
x = raw_input('Press Enter to exit.')
return rc
if __name__ == "__main__":
sys.exit(test())
答案 1 :(得分：9)
在对answer you took the code from的评论中有人说 ShellExecuteEx不会将其STDOUT发布回原始shell 。所以你不会看到“我现在是根”，即使代码可能正常工作。
而不是打印东西，尝试写入文件：
import os
import sys
import win32com.shell.shell as shell
ASADMIN = 'asadmin'
if sys.argv[-1] != ASADMIN:
script = os.path.abspath(sys.argv[0])
params = ' '.join([script] + sys.argv[1:] + [ASADMIN])
shell.ShellExecuteEx(lpVerb='runas', lpFile=sys.executable, lpParameters=params)
sys.exit(0)
with open("somefilename.txt", "w") as out:
print >> out, "i am root"
然后查看文件。
答案 2 :(得分：6)
这是一个带有stdout重定向的解决方案：
def elevate():
import ctypes, win32com.shell.shell, win32event, win32process
outpath = r'%s\%s.out' % (os.environ["TEMP"], os.path.basename(__file__))
if ctypes.windll.shell32.IsUserAnAdmin():
if os.path.isfile(outpath):
sys.stderr = sys.stdout = open(outpath, 'w', 0)
return
with open(outpath, 'w+', 0) as outfile:
hProc = win32com.shell.shell.ShellExecuteEx(lpFile=sys.executable, \
lpVerb='runas', lpParameters=' '.join(sys.argv), fMask=64, nShow=0)['hProcess']
while True:
hr = win32event.WaitForSingleObject(hProc, 40)
while True:
line = outfile.readline()
if not line: break
sys.stdout.write(line)
if hr != 0x102: break
os.remove(outpath)
sys.stderr = ''
sys.exit(win32process.GetExitCodeProcess(hProc))
if __name__ == '__main__':
elevate()
main()
答案 3 :(得分：5)
这是一个只需要ctypes模块的解决方案。支持pyinstaller包装程序。
#!python
# coding: utf-8
import sys
import ctypes
def run_as_admin(argv=None, debug=False):
shell32 = ctypes.windll.shell32
if argv is None and shell32.IsUserAnAdmin():
return True
if argv is None:
argv = sys.argv
if hasattr(sys, '_MEIPASS'):
# Support pyinstaller wrapped program.
arguments = map(unicode, argv[1:])
else:
arguments = map(unicode, argv)
argument_line = u' '.join(arguments)
executable = unicode(sys.executable)
if debug:
print 'Command line: ', executable, argument_line
ret = shell32.ShellExecuteW(None, u"runas", executable, argument_line, None, 1)
if int(ret) <= 32:
return False
return None
if __name__ == '__main__':
ret = run_as_admin()
if ret is True:
print 'I have admin privilege.'
raw_input('Press ENTER to exit.')
elif ret is None:
print 'I am elevating to admin privilege.'
raw_input('Press ENTER to exit.')
else:
print 'Error(ret=%d): cannot elevate privilege.' % (ret, )
答案 4 :(得分：3)
我找到了解决这个问题的简单方法。
python.exe C:\xxx\...\python.exe your_script.py 我不确定这些选项的拼写是否正确，因为我使用的是中文版的Windows。
答案 5 :(得分：1)
答案 6 :(得分：0)
我可以确认delphifirst的解决方案是有效的，并且是运行具有提升权限的python脚本问题的最简单，最简单的解决方案。
我创建了python可执行文件的快捷方式（python.exe），然后通过在调用python.exe之后添加我的脚本名称来修改快捷方式。接下来我检查了＃34;以管理员身份运行＆＃34;在＆＃34;兼容性选项卡＆＃34;快捷方式。执行快捷方式时，会收到一个提示，要求以管理员身份运行脚本。
我的特定python应用程序是一个安装程序。该程序允许安装和卸载另一个python应用程序。在我的例子中，我创建了两个快捷方式，一个名为＆＃34; appname install＆＃34;另一个名为＆＃34; appname uninstall＆＃34;。两个快捷方式之间的唯一区别是python脚本名称后面的参数。在安装程序版本中，参数为＆＃34; install＆＃34;。在卸载版本中，参数为＆＃34; uninstall＆＃34;。安装程序脚本中的代码会评估提供的参数，并根据需要调用相应的函数（安装或卸载）。
我希望我的解释可以帮助其他人更快地弄清楚如何使用提升的权限运行python脚本。
答案 7 :(得分：0)
此外，如果您的工作目录不同，则可以使用lpDirectory
procInfo = ShellExecuteEx(nShow=showCmd,
lpVerb=lpVerb,
lpFile=cmd,
lpDirectory= unicode(direc),
lpParameters=params)
如果改变路径不是一个理想的选择，将会派上用场 删除python 3.X的unicode
答案 8 :(得分：0)
确保路径中有python，如果没有，请按Win键+ r，输入“％appdata％”（不带qotes）打开本地目录，然后转到Programs目录，打开python，然后选择python版本目录。单击文件选项卡，然后选择复制路径并关闭文件资源管理器。
然后再次按win键和r，输入control并按Enter。搜索环境变量。单击结果，您将看到一个窗口。在右下角单击环境变量。在系统端的查找路径中，选择它并单击“编辑”。 在新窗口中，单击“新建”，然后在其中粘贴路径。单击确定，然后在第一个窗口中应用。重新启动电脑。然后最后一次执行win + r，输入cmd并执行ctrl + shift + enter。授予特权并打开文件资源管理器，转到您的脚本并复制其路径。返回cmd，输入“ python”并粘贴路径，然后按Enter。完成
答案 9 :(得分：0)
值得一提的是，如果您打算使用PyInstaller打包应用程序，并且明智地避免自己支持该功能，则可以传递--uac-admin或--uac-uiaccess参数以请求启动时UAC升高。
答案 10 :(得分：0)
我想要一个增强的版本，所以最终得到了一个模块，该模块可以： UAC请求（如果需要），从非特权实例（使用ipc和网络端口）和其他一些糖果进行打印和记录。用法只是在脚本中插入elevateme（）：在非特权环境中，它侦听特权打印/日志，然后退出并返回false；在特权实例中，它立即返回true。 支持pyinstaller。
原型：
# xlogger : a logger in the server/nonprivileged script
# tport : open port of communication, 0 for no comm [printf in nonprivileged window or silent]
# redir : redirect stdout and stderr from privileged instance
#errFile : redirect stderr to file from privileged instance
def elevateme(xlogger=None, tport=6000, redir=True, errFile=False):
winadmin.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8; mode: python; py-indent-offset: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-
# vim: fileencoding=utf-8 tabstop=4 expandtab shiftwidth=4
# (C) COPYRIGHT © Preston Landers 2010
# (C) COPYRIGHT © Matteo Azzali 2020
# Released under the same license as Python 2.6.5/3.7
import sys, os
from traceback import print_exc
from multiprocessing.connection import Listener, Client
import win32event #win32com.shell.shell, win32process
import builtins as __builtin__ # python3
# debug suffixes for remote printing
dbz=["","","",""] #["J:","K:", "G:", "D:"]
LOGTAG="LOGME:"
wrconn = None
#fake logger for message sending
class fakelogger:
def __init__(self, xlogger=None):
self.lg = xlogger
def write(self, a):
global wrconn
if wrconn is not None:
wrconn.send(LOGTAG+a)
elif self.lg is not None:
self.lg.write(a)
else:
print(LOGTAG+a)
class Writer():
wzconn=None
counter = 0
def __init__(self, tport=6000,authkey=b'secret password'):
global wrconn
if wrconn is None:
address = ('localhost', tport)
try:
wrconn = Client(address, authkey=authkey)
except:
wrconn = None
wzconn = wrconn
self.wrconn = wrconn
self.__class__.counter+=1
def __del__(self):
self.__class__.counter-=1
if self.__class__.counter == 0 and wrconn is not None:
import time
time.sleep(0.1) # slows deletion but is enough to print stderr
wrconn.send('close')
wrconn.close()
def sendx(cls, mesg):
cls.wzconn.send(msg)
def sendw(self, mesg):
self.wrconn.send(msg)
#fake file to be passed as stdout and stderr
class connFile():
def __init__(self, thekind="out", tport=6000):
self.cnt = 0
self.old=""
self.vg=Writer(tport)
if thekind == "out":
self.kind=sys.__stdout__
else:
self.kind=sys.__stderr__
def write(self, *args, **kwargs):
global wrconn
global dbz
from io import StringIO # # Python2 use: from cStringIO import StringIO
mystdout = StringIO()
self.cnt+=1
__builtin__.print(*args, **kwargs, file=mystdout, end = '')
#handles "\n" wherever it is, however usually is or string or \n
if "\n" not in mystdout.getvalue():
if mystdout.getvalue() != "\n":
#__builtin__.print("A:",mystdout.getvalue(), file=self.kind, end='')
self.old += mystdout.getvalue()
else:
#__builtin__.print("B:",mystdout.getvalue(), file=self.kind, end='')
if wrconn is not None:
wrconn.send(dbz[1]+self.old)
else:
__builtin__.print(dbz[2]+self.old+ mystdout.getvalue(), file=self.kind, end='')
self.kind.flush()
self.old=""
else:
vv = mystdout.getvalue().split("\n")
#__builtin__.print("V:",vv, file=self.kind, end='')
for el in vv[:-1]:
if wrconn is not None:
wrconn.send(dbz[0]+self.old+el)
self.old = ""
else:
__builtin__.print(dbz[3]+self.old+ el+"\n", file=self.kind, end='')
self.kind.flush()
self.old=""
self.old=vv[-1]
def open(self):
pass
def close(self):
pass
def flush(self):
pass
def isUserAdmin():
if os.name == 'nt':
import ctypes
# WARNING: requires Windows XP SP2 or higher!
try:
return ctypes.windll.shell32.IsUserAnAdmin()
except:
traceback.print_exc()
print ("Admin check failed, assuming not an admin.")
return False
elif os.name == 'posix':
# Check for root on Posix
return os.getuid() == 0
else:
print("Unsupported operating system for this module: %s" % (os.name,))
exit()
#raise (RuntimeError, "Unsupported operating system for this module: %s" % (os.name,))
def runAsAdmin(cmdLine=None, wait=True, hidden=False):
if os.name != 'nt':
raise (RuntimeError, "This function is only implemented on Windows.")
import win32api, win32con, win32process
from win32com.shell.shell import ShellExecuteEx
python_exe = sys.executable
arb=""
if cmdLine is None:
cmdLine = [python_exe] + sys.argv
elif not isinstance(cmdLine, (tuple, list)):
if isinstance(cmdLine, (str)):
arb=cmdLine
cmdLine = [python_exe] + sys.argv
print("original user", arb)
else:
raise( ValueError, "cmdLine is not a sequence.")
cmd = '"%s"' % (cmdLine[0],)
params = " ".join(['"%s"' % (x,) for x in cmdLine[1:]])
if len(arb) > 0:
params += " "+arb
cmdDir = ''
if hidden:
showCmd = win32con.SW_HIDE
else:
showCmd = win32con.SW_SHOWNORMAL
lpVerb = 'runas' # causes UAC elevation prompt.
# print "Running", cmd, params
# ShellExecute() doesn't seem to allow us to fetch the PID or handle
# of the process, so we can't get anything useful from it. Therefore
# the more complex ShellExecuteEx() must be used.
# procHandle = win32api.ShellExecute(0, lpVerb, cmd, params, cmdDir, showCmd)
procInfo = ShellExecuteEx(nShow=showCmd,
fMask=64,
lpVerb=lpVerb,
lpFile=cmd,
lpParameters=params)
if wait:
procHandle = procInfo['hProcess']
obj = win32event.WaitForSingleObject(procHandle, win32event.INFINITE)
rc = win32process.GetExitCodeProcess(procHandle)
#print "Process handle %s returned code %s" % (procHandle, rc)
else:
rc = procInfo['hProcess']
return rc
# xlogger : a logger in the server/nonprivileged script
# tport : open port of communication, 0 for no comm [printf in nonprivileged window or silent]
# redir : redirect stdout and stderr from privileged instance
#errFile : redirect stderr to file from privileged instance
def elevateme(xlogger=None, tport=6000, redir=True, errFile=False):
global dbz
if not isUserAdmin():
print ("You're not an admin.", os.getpid(), "params: ", sys.argv)
import getpass
uname = getpass.getuser()
if (tport> 0):
address = ('localhost', tport) # family is deduced to be 'AF_INET'
listener = Listener(address, authkey=b'secret password')
rc = runAsAdmin(uname, wait=False, hidden=True)
if (tport> 0):
hr = win32event.WaitForSingleObject(rc, 40)
conn = listener.accept()
print ('connection accepted from', listener.last_accepted)
sys.stdout.flush()
while True:
msg = conn.recv()
# do something with msg
if msg == 'close':
conn.close()
break
else:
if msg.startswith(dbz[0]+LOGTAG):
if xlogger != None:
xlogger.write(msg[len(LOGTAG):])
else:
print("Missing a logger")
else:
print(msg)
sys.stdout.flush()
listener.close()
else: #no port connection, its silent
WaitForSingleObject(rc, INFINITE);
return False
else:
#redirect prints stdout on master, errors in error.txt
print("HIADM")
sys.stdout.flush()
if (tport > 0) and (redir):
vox= connFile(tport=tport)
sys.stdout=vox
if not errFile:
sys.stderr=vox
else:
vfrs=open("errFile.txt","w")
sys.stderr=vfrs
#print("HI ADMIN")
return True
def test():
rc = 0
if not isUserAdmin():
print ("You're not an admin.", os.getpid(), "params: ", sys.argv)
sys.stdout.flush()
#rc = runAsAdmin(["c:\\Windows\\notepad.exe"])
rc = runAsAdmin()
else:
print ("You are an admin!", os.getpid(), "params: ", sys.argv)
rc = 0
x = raw_input('Press Enter to exit.')
return rc
if __name__ == "__main__":
sys.exit(test())
答案 11 :(得分：0)
这对我有用：
import win32com.client as client
required_command = "cmd" # Enter your command here
required_password = "Simple1" # Enter your password here
def run_as(required_command, required_password):
shell = client.Dispatch("WScript.shell")
shell.Run(f"runas /user:administrator {required_command}")
time.sleep(1)
shell.SendKeys(f"{required_password}\r\n", 0)
if __name__ = '__main__':
run_as(required_command, required_password)
以下是我用于以上代码的参考： https://win32com.goermezer.de/microsoft/windows/controlling-applications-via-sendkeys.html https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/python-cookbook/0596001673/ch07s16.html