Question

我想编写一个使用Python smtplib发送电子邮件的程序。我搜索了文档和RFC，但找不到任何与附件相关的内容。因此，我确信我错过了一些更高级别的概念。有人能告诉我附件如何在SMTP中工作吗？

Answer 1

以下是带有PDF附件，文本“正文”并通过Gmail发送的邮件示例。

# Import smtplib for the actual sending function
import smtplib

# For guessing MIME type
import mimetypes

# Import the email modules we'll need
import email
import email.mime.application

# Create a text/plain message
msg = email.mime.Multipart.MIMEMultipart()
msg['Subject'] = 'Greetings'
msg['From'] = 'xyz@gmail.com'
msg['To'] = 'abc@gmail.com'

# The main body is just another attachment
body = email.mime.Text.MIMEText("""Hello, how are you? I am fine.
This is a rather nice letter, don't you think?""")
msg.attach(body)

# PDF attachment
filename='simple-table.pdf'
fp=open(filename,'rb')
att = email.mime.application.MIMEApplication(fp.read(),_subtype="pdf")
fp.close()
att.add_header('Content-Disposition','attachment',filename=filename)
msg.attach(att)

# send via Gmail server
# NOTE: my ISP, Centurylink, seems to be automatically rewriting
# port 25 packets to be port 587 and it is trashing port 587 packets.
# So, I use the default port 25, but I authenticate. 
s = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com')
s.starttls()
s.login('xyz@gmail.com','xyzpassword')
s.sendmail('xyz@gmail.com',['xyz@gmail.com'], msg.as_string())
s.quit()

Answer 2

这是我从我们所做的工作应用程序中删除的一个例子。它会创建一个带有Excel附件的HTML电子邮件。

  import smtplib,email,email.encoders,email.mime.text,email.mime.base

  smtpserver = 'localhost'
  to = ['email@somewhere.com']
  fromAddr = 'automated@hi.com'
  subject = "my subject"

  # create html email
  html = '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" '
  html +='"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">'
  html +='<body style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana"><p>...</p>'
  html += "</body></html>"
  emailMsg = email.MIMEMultipart.MIMEMultipart('alternative')
  emailMsg['Subject'] = subject
  emailMsg['From'] = fromAddr
  emailMsg['To'] = ', '.join(to)
  emailMsg['Cc'] = ", ".join(cc)
  emailMsg.attach(email.mime.text.MIMEText(html,'html'))

  # now attach the file
  fileMsg = email.mime.base.MIMEBase('application','vnd.ms-excel')
  fileMsg.set_payload(file('exelFile.xls').read())
  email.encoders.encode_base64(fileMsg)
  fileMsg.add_header('Content-Disposition','attachment;filename=anExcelFile.xls')
  emailMsg.attach(fileMsg)

  # send email
  server = smtplib.SMTP(smtpserver)
  server.sendmail(fromAddr,to,emailMsg.as_string())
  server.quit()

Answer 3

您想要查看的是email模块。它允许您构建符合MIME的消息，然后使用smtplib发送。

Answer 4

好吧，附件不会以任何特殊方式处理，它们只是Message-object树的“正好”叶子。您可以在this python包的文档的email部分找到有关MIME兼容的mesasges的任何问题的答案。

通常，任何类型的附件（读取：原始二进制数据）都可以使用base64表示（或类似的）Content-Transfer-Encoding。

Answer 5

以下是如何发送带有zip文件附件和utf-8编码主题+正文的电子邮件。

由于缺乏针对此特定案例的文档和样本，因此无法直截了当地说明这一点。

replyto中的非ascii字符需要使用例如ISO-8859-1进行编码。可能存在可以执行此操作的功能。

提示：
给自己发一封电子邮件，保存并检查内容，以便弄清楚如何在Python中做同样的事情。

以下是Python 3的代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# vim:set ts=4 sw=4 et:

from os.path import basename
from smtplib import SMTP
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.header import Header
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
from base64 import encodebytes

def send_email(recipients=["somebody@somewhere.xyz"],
         subject="Test subject æøå",
         body="Test body æøå",
         zipfiles=[],
         server="smtp.somewhere.xyz",
         username="bob",
         password="password123",
         sender="Bob <bob@somewhere.xyz>",
         replyto="=?ISO-8859-1?Q?M=F8=F8=F8?= <bob@somewhere.xyz>"): #: bool
    """Sends an e-mail"""
    to = ",".join(recipients)
    charset = "utf-8"
    # Testing if body can be encoded with the charset
    try:
        body.encode(charset)
    except UnicodeEncodeError:
        print("Could not encode " + body + " as " + charset + ".")
        return False

    # Split real name (which is optional) and email address parts
    sender_name, sender_addr = parseaddr(sender)
    replyto_name, replyto_addr = parseaddr(replyto)

    sender_name = str(Header(sender_name, charset))
    replyto_name = str(Header(replyto_name, charset))

    # Create the message ('plain' stands for Content-Type: text/plain)
    try:
        msgtext = MIMEText(body.encode(charset), 'plain', charset)
    except TypeError:
        print("MIMEText fail")
        return False

    msg = MIMEMultipart()

    msg['From'] = formataddr((sender_name, sender_addr))
    msg['To'] = to #formataddr((recipient_name, recipient_addr))
    msg['Reply-to'] = formataddr((replyto_name, replyto_addr))
    msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, charset)

    msg.attach(msgtext)

    for zipfile in zipfiles:
        part = MIMEBase('application', "zip")
        b = open(zipfile, "rb").read()
        # Convert from bytes to a base64-encoded ascii string
        bs = encodebytes(b).decode()
        # Add the ascii-string to the payload
        part.set_payload(bs)
        # Tell the e-mail client that we're using base 64
        part.add_header('Content-Transfer-Encoding', 'base64')
        part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment; filename="%s"' %
                        os.path.basename(zipfile))
        msg.attach(part)

    s = SMTP()
    try:
        s.connect(server)
    except:
        print("Could not connect to smtp server: " + server)
        return False

    if username:
        s.login(username, password)
    print("Sending the e-mail")
    s.sendmail(sender, recipients, msg.as_string())
    s.quit()
    return True

def main():
    send_email()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Answer 6

<?php
/*-
 * $MirOS: www/mk/ttf2png,v 1.8 2016/11/02 16:16:26 tg Exp $
 *-
 * Copyright (c) 2009, 2016
 *  mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
 *
 * Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
 * are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
 * is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un-
 * limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
 * merge, give away, or sublicence.
 *
 * This work is provided "AS IS" and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
 * the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
 * implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
 * may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
 * direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
 * of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
 * damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
 * of said person's immediate fault when using the work as intended.
 *-
 * Syntax:
 *  php ttf2png [text [size [/path/to/font.ttf]]] >out.png
 */

if (!function_exists('gd_info'))
    die("Install php5-gd first.");
$gd = gd_info();
if ($gd["FreeType Support"] == false)
    die("Compile php5-gd with FreeType 2 support.");


$font = "/usr/src/www/files/FNT/GenI102.ttf";
$fontsize = 30;
$text = "EINVAL";

if (isset($argv[1]))
    $text = $argv[1];
if (isset($argv[2]))
    $fontsize = $argv[2];
if (isset($argv[3]))
    $font = $argv[3];


// Get bounding box
$bbox = imageftbbox($fontsize, 0, $font, $text);
// Transform coordinates into width+height and position
$ascender = abs($bbox[7]);
$descender = abs($bbox[1]);
$size_w = abs($bbox[0]) + abs($bbox[2]);
$size_h = $ascender + $descender;
$x = -$bbox[0];
$y = $ascender;

// Create image
$im = imagecreatetruecolor($size_w, $size_h);
// Allocate colours
$bgcol = imagecolorallocate($im, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24);
$fgcol = imagecolorallocate($im, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF);

// Fill image with background colour
imagefilledrectangle($im, 0, 0, $size_w - 1, $size_h - 1, $bgcol);
// Render text into image
imagefttext($im, $fontsize, 0, $x, $y, $fgcol, $font, $text);

// Convert true colour image (needed for above) to palette image
imagetruecolortopalette($im, FALSE, 256);

// Output created image
imagepng($im, NULL, 9);

exit(0);

如何使用SMTP发送附件？

6 个答案: