Question

下面是我的代码的一大部分，基本上如果你向下滚动到execute_subscripts()函数，你可以看到我有两个通过execfile运行的脚本工作得非常漂亮，它们显示{{1他们将prints个错误保存到错误文件中。

我正在尝试将第二个脚本变成一个不等待自己完成的脚本，然后再转到下一个脚本。

正如您所看到的，我已尝试将traceback与subprocess一起使用来启动一个无声的隐藏窗口......但它似乎没有运行，我不知道如何使用Popen正常运行以检索p.communicate()和/或tracebacks。

我还...... 需要帮助创建某种超时/终止开关，以便通过prints或Popen路由的下标未在5内完成分钟跳过它进行该循环或重试并跳过，如果它立即再次失败。

据我所知，我可能不应该使用execfile时间......但是这部分对我来说很好，所以我认为不需要改变它。

strftime

非常感谢任何想法

增加了赏金，希望有人知道如何实现这一目标。

提前致谢
HYFLEX

我希望脚本能够执行的示例...

下标1 - 在后台运行，将打印和错误从subscript1.py发送到main.py，不要等待它完成，转到下标2 ，10秒后超时（或者尽可能接近10秒，或者在调用所有下标后超时。）
下标2 - 在后台运行，将打印和错误从subscript2.py发送到main.py，等待它完成，然后转到下标3， 10秒后超时（或者我们尽可能接近10秒，或者在调用所有下标后超时。）
下标3 - 在后台运行，将打印和错误从subscript3.py发送到main.py，等待它完成，然后转到下标4， 10秒后超时（或者我们尽可能接近10秒，或者在调用所有下标后超时。）
下标4 - 在后台运行，将打印和错误从subscript4.py发送到main.py，不要等待它完成，转到下标5 ，10之后超时秒（或尽可能接近10秒，或在调用所有下标后超时。）
下标5 - 在后台运行，将打印和错误从subscript5.py发送到main.py，等待它完成后再转到下一个下标（或者在这种情况下，循环结束）， 10秒后超时（或尽可能接近10秒，或者在调用所有下标后超时。）

shx2

from datetime import date, timedelta
from sched import scheduler
from time import time, sleep, strftime
import random
import traceback
import subprocess

s = scheduler(time, sleep)
random.seed()

def periodically(runtime, intsmall, intlarge, function):

     ## Get current time
    currenttime = strftime('%H:%M:%S')

    ## If currenttime is anywhere between 23:40 and 23:50 then...
    if currenttime > '23:40:00' and currenttime < '23:50:00':

        ## Open the error logging file as the variable "errors"
        errors = open('MISC/ERROR(S).txt', 'a')

        ## Try to...
        try:
            ## Call the clear subscript.
            execfile("SUBSCRIPTS/CLEAR.py", {})
        ## On exception (fail)...
        except Exception:
            ## Write the entire traceback error to file...
            errors.write(traceback.format_exc() + '\n')
            errors.write("\n\n")

        ## Close and exit the error logging file. 
        errors.close()

        ## Update time
        currenttime = strftime('%H:%M:%S')

    ## Idle time
    while currenttime >= '23:40:00' and currenttime <= '23:59:59' or currenttime >= '00:00:00' and currenttime <= '11:30:00':

        ## Update time
        currenttime = strftime('%H:%M:%S')
        print currenttime, "Idling..."
        sleep(10)

        ## Update time
        currenttime = strftime('%H:%M:%S')

    ## Initiate the scheduler.
    runtime += random.randrange(intsmall, intlarge)
    s.enter(runtime, 1, function, ())
    s.run()

def execute_subscripts():

    st = time()
    print "Running..."
    errors = open('MISC/ERROR(S).txt', 'a')

    try: 
        execfile("SUBSCRIPTS/TESTSCRIPT.py", {})
    except Exception:
        errors.write(traceback.format_exc() + '\n')
        errors.write("\n\n")

    try: 
        execfile("SUBSCRIPTS/TEST.py", {})
    except Exception:
        errors.write(traceback.format_exc() + '\n')
        errors.write("\n\n")
##    subprocess.Popen(["pythonw", "SUBSCRIPTS/TEST.py", "0"], shell=True)

    try: 
        execfile("SUBSCRIPTS/TESTSCRIPTTest.py", {})
    except Exception:
        errors.write(traceback.format_exc() + '\n')
        errors.write("\n\n")

    try: 
        execfile("SUBSCRIPTS/TESTTESTTEST.py", {})
    except Exception:
        errors.write(traceback.format_exc() + '\n')
        errors.write("\n\n")

    errors.close()
    print """The whole routine took %.3f seconds""" % (time() - st)

while True:
    periodically(50, -25, +90, execute_subscripts)

编辑：

[pid=9940] main running command: C:\Python27\python.exe SUB/subscript1.py (is_bg=False)
[pid=9940] main running command: C:\Python27\python.exe SUB/subscript1.py (is_bg=True)

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Test\main.py", line 21, in <module>
    bg_proc1 = run_subscript(cmd, is_bg = True)
  File "C:\Test\main.py", line 10, in run_subscript
    return (cmd > sys.stdout) & BG  # run in background
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\plumbum\commands\modifiers.py", line 81, in __rand__
    return Future(cmd.popen(), self.retcode)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\plumbum\commands\base.py", line 317, in popen
    return self.cmd.popen(args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\plumbum\commands\base.py", line 233, in popen
    return self.cmd.popen(self.args + list(args), **kwargs)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\plumbum\machines\local.py", line 104, in popen
    **kwargs)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\plumbum\machines\local.py", line 253, in _popen
    stderr = stderr, cwd = str(cwd), env = env, **kwargs)  # bufsize = 4096
  File "C:\Python27\lib\subprocess.py", line 703, in __init__
    errread, errwrite) = self._get_handles(stdin, stdout, stderr)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\subprocess.py", line 851, in _get_handles
    c2pwrite = msvcrt.get_osfhandle(stdout.fileno())
UnsupportedOperation: fileno

希望这有助于直观地表达我正在努力实现的目标

Answer 1

正如您在问题中已经指出的那样，您实际上是在问两个不同的问题（在后台运行，并执行超时）。幸运的是，两者的简短答案是一致的：

使用Plumbum ！

Plumbum 极大地简化了python脚本的类似shell脚本的元素，除此之外，还为后台运行命令提供了干净的界面，并强制执行超时。

以下是使用 plumbum 的示例。

在此示例中，子进程将运行相同的脚本 - subscript1.py。它会进行一些打印，有些人会睡觉，有时也会随机失败。

<强> subscript1.py

import os, sys, time, random
print '[pid=%s] STARTING %s' % (os.getpid(), sys.argv[0])
for i in range(3):
    t = random.randint(1,5)
    print '[pid=%s] sleeping for %s seconds' % (os.getpid(), t)
    time.sleep(t)
# fail randomly
if t == 5:
    raise RuntimeError('random error...')
print '[pid=%s] DONE %s' % (os.getpid(), sys.argv[0])

现在，下面的主要脚本main.py演示如何在前台和后台运行子进程，有和没有超时，等待后台进程完成，以及处理子进程错误和超时。

<强> main.py

import os, sys, time
from plumbum import FG, BG, ProcessExecutionError, ProcessTimedOut
from plumbum.cmd import python

cmd = python['subscript1.py']  # create the command to run (several times)

def run_subscript(cmd, is_bg = False):
    print '[pid=%s] main running command: %s (is_bg=%s)' % (os.getpid(), cmd, is_bg)
    if is_bg:
        return (cmd > sys.stdout) & BG  # run in background
    else:
        try:
            return cmd & FG  # run in foreground
        except ProcessExecutionError, e:
            print >>sys.stderr, e

# run a process in the foreground        
run_subscript(cmd, is_bg = False)

# run two processes in the background, and one in the foreground
bg_proc1 = run_subscript(cmd, is_bg = True)
time.sleep(1)
bg_proc2 = run_subscript(cmd, is_bg = True)
time.sleep(1)
run_subscript(cmd, is_bg = False)

# wait for the background processes to finish
for bg_proc in ( bg_proc1, bg_proc2 ):
    try:
        bg_proc.wait()
    except ProcessExecutionError, e:
        print >>sys.stderr, e

# run a foreground process, which will time out
print '[pid=%s] main running command: %s (will time out)' % (os.getpid(), cmd)
try:
    cmd.run(timeout = 2)
except ProcessTimedOut, e:
    # command timed out
    print >>sys.stderr, e
except ProcessExecutionError, e:
    # command failed (but did not time out)
    print >>sys.stderr, e

输出：

% python main.py
[pid=77311] main running command: /usr/local/bin/python subscript1.py (is_bg=False)
[pid=77314] STARTING subscript1.py
[pid=77314] sleeping for 1 seconds
[pid=77314] sleeping for 5 seconds
[pid=77314] sleeping for 3 seconds
[pid=77314] DONE subscript1.py
[pid=77311] main running command: /usr/local/bin/python subscript1.py (is_bg=True)
[pid=77316] STARTING subscript1.py
[pid=77316] sleeping for 5 seconds
[pid=77311] main running command: /usr/local/bin/python subscript1.py (is_bg=True)
[pid=77317] STARTING subscript1.py
[pid=77317] sleeping for 1 seconds
[pid=77311] main running command: /usr/local/bin/python subscript1.py (is_bg=False)
[pid=77317] sleeping for 5 seconds
[pid=77318] STARTING subscript1.py
[pid=77318] sleeping for 5 seconds
[pid=77316] sleeping for 2 seconds
[pid=77316] sleeping for 4 seconds
[pid=77317] sleeping for 5 seconds
[pid=77318] sleeping for 2 seconds
[pid=77318] sleeping for 3 seconds
[pid=77316] DONE subscript1.py
[pid=77318] DONE subscript1.py
Command line: ['/usr/local/bin/python', 'subscript1.py']
Exit code: 1
Stderr:  | Traceback (most recent call last):
         |   File "subscript1.py", line 13, in <module>
         |     raise RuntimeError('random error...')
         | RuntimeError: random error...
[pid=77311] main running command: /usr/local/bin/python subscript1.py (will time out)
('Process did not terminate within 2 seconds', ['/usr/local/bin/python', 'subscript1.py'])

编辑：

我现在意识到我的示例代码没有演示在后台运行命令和对其执行超时。为此，只需使用cmd.bgrun(...)代替cmd.run(...)。

您获得的错误与重定向有关，并且必须与您在Windows上运行的事实相关。这可能是Windows上的plumbum的兼容性问题，或我的代码可能不完美，即可能有另一种使用plumbum使其工作的方法。不幸的是，我没有一台Windows机器来测试它......

我希望这会有所帮助。

Answer 2

如果我理解你要做什么，subprocess.Popen（）就是你要走的路。这是一个简单的类，我认为可以提供你想要的所有功能：

from time import sleep
import subprocess
import datetime
import os

class Worker:

    def __init__(self, cmd):

        print datetime.datetime.now(), ":: starting subprocess :: %s"%cmd
        self.cmd = cmd
        self.log = "[running :: %s]\n"%cmd
        self.subp = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        self.start_time = datetime.datetime.now()

    def wait_to_finish(self, timeout_seconds = None):

        while True:
            retcode = self.subp.poll()
            if retcode is not None:
                self.get_process_output()
                self.log += "\n[subprocess finished, return code: %d]\n"%retcode
                print datetime.datetime.now(), ":: subprocess %s exited, retcode=%d"%(self.cmd, retcode)
                return
            else:
                # process hasn't finished yet
                sleep(1)
                if timeout_seconds is not None:
                    cur_time = datetime.datetime.now()
                    if (cur_time - self.start_time).seconds > timeout_seconds:
                        print datetime.datetime.now(), ":: subprocess %s :: killing after %d seconds"%(self.cmd, timeout_seconds)
                        self.kill()
                        return

    def still_running(self):
        return (self.subp.poll() is None)

    def kill(self):
        self.subp.terminate()
        self.get_process_output()
        self.log += "\n[subprocess killed by explicit request]\n"
        return

    def get_process_output(self):
        out, err = self.subp.communicate()
        self.log += out
        self.log += err

您发出命令，课程在后台启动它。然后，您可以等待它完成，并具有可选的超时（从时间进程开始计算）。您可以获得流程输出，如果需要，可以明确地终止流程。

这是一个显示其功能的简单示例：

# Start two subprocesses in the background
worker1 = Worker([r'c:\python26\python.exe', 'sub1.py'])
worker2 = Worker([r'c:\python26\python.exe', 'sub2.py'])

# Wait for both to finish, kill after 10 seconds timeout
worker1.wait_to_finish(timeout_seconds = 10)
worker2.wait_to_finish(timeout_seconds = 10)

# Start another subprocess giving it 5 seconds to finish
worker3 = Worker([r'c:\python26\python.exe', 'sub3.py'])
worker3.wait_to_finish(timeout_seconds = 5)

print "----LOG1----\n" + worker1.log
print "----LOG2----\n" + worker2.log
print "----LOG3----\n" + worker3.log

sub1.py：

from time import sleep
print "sub1 output: start"
sleep(5)
print "sub1 output: finish"

sub2.py：

print "sub2 output: start"
erroneous_command()

sub3.py：

from time import sleep
import sys
print "sub3 output: start, sleeping 15 sec"
sys.stdout.flush()
sleep(15)
print "sub3 output: finish"

这是输出：

2013-11-06 15:31:17.296000 :: starting subprocess :: ['c:\\python26\\python.exe', 'sub1.py']
2013-11-06 15:31:17.300000 :: starting subprocess :: ['c:\\python26\\python.exe', 'sub2.py']
2013-11-06 15:31:23.306000 :: subprocess ['c:\\python26\\python.exe', 'sub1.py'] exited, retcode=0
2013-11-06 15:31:23.309000 :: subprocess ['c:\\python26\\python.exe', 'sub2.py'] exited, retcode=1
2013-11-06 15:31:23.310000 :: starting subprocess :: ['c:\\python26\\python.exe', 'sub3.py']
2013-11-06 15:31:29.314000 :: subprocess ['c:\\python26\\python.exe', 'sub3.py'] :: killing after 5 seconds
----LOG1----
[running :: ['c:\\python26\\python.exe', 'sub1.py']]
sub1 output: start
sub1 output: finish

[subprocess finished, return code: 0]

----LOG2----
[running :: ['c:\\python26\\python.exe', 'sub2.py']]
sub2 output: start
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "sub2.py", line 2, in <module>
    erroneous_command()
NameError: name 'erroneous_command' is not defined

[subprocess finished, return code: 1]

----LOG3----
[running :: ['c:\\python26\\python.exe', 'sub3.py']]
sub3 output: start, sleeping 15 sec

[subprocess killed by explicit request]

就实施调度而言，我可以提出几种选择，但选择实际上取决于你的任务：

1）如果您可以在任何时间点指定精确的调度，那么您可以实现完全同步的调度程序：

while True:
    # check time
    # check currently running processes :: workerX.still_running()
    #   -> if some are past their timeout, kill them workerX.kill()
    # start new subprocesses according to your scheduling logic
    sleep(1)

2）如果您有几个明确定义的序列脚本，您希望每10秒“发射一次”，那么将每个序列放在自己的.py脚本中（带''导入工人'），每隔10秒启动所有序列，并定期检查哪些序列已退出以收集其日志。

3）如果您的序列是动态定义的，并且您更喜欢“即发即忘”的方法，那么线程将是最好的方法。

自定义调度程序具有带超时/终止开关的顺序+半连续脚本？

我希望脚本能够执行的示例...

shx2

2 个答案: