Question

我需要在SQL Server 2005数据库中的两个表上实现更改跟踪。我需要审核添加，删除，更新（详细了解更新内容）。我正计划使用触发器来执行此操作，但在Google上进行调查之后，我发现错误地执行此操作非常容易，我想在开始时避免使用它。

任何人都可以发布更新触发器的示例，以优雅的方式成功完成此操作吗？我希望最终得到一个具有以下结构的审计表：

ID
LOGDATE
表名
TransactionType（更新/插入/删除）
的recordId
字段名
的OldValue
的NewValue

......但我愿意接受建议。

谢谢！

Answer 1

我只想提出几点意见：

使用代码生成器您无法使用单个过程来跟踪所有表，您需要在每个跟踪表上生成类似但不同的触发器。这种工作最适合自动代码生成。在您的位置，我将使用XSLT转换从XML生成代码，并且可以从元数据自动生成XML。这使您可以在每次更改审计逻辑/结构或添加/更改目标表时通过重新生成触发器来轻松维护触发器。

考虑容量规划进行审核。到目前为止，跟踪所有值更改的审计表将是数据库中最大的表：它将包含所有当前数据和所有当前数据的历史记录。这样的表将使数据库大小增加2-3个数量级（x10，x100）。审计表很快就会成为一切的瓶颈：

每个DML操作都需要在审计表中锁定
由于审计

考虑架构更改。可以删除名为“Foo”的表，然后可以创建名为“Foo”的不同表。审计跟踪必须能够区分两个不同的对象。更好地使用slow changing dimension方法。

考虑是否需要有效删除审核记录。当应用程序主题策略规定的保留期限到期时，您需要能够删除到期审计记录。它现在看起来似乎不是什么大问题，但5年后，当第一个记录到期时，审计表已经增长到9.5TB，这可能是一个问题。

考虑是否需要查询审核。必须准备审计表结构，以便有效地响应审计查询。如果无法查询您的审核，那么它没有任何价值。查询将完全由您的要求驱动，只有您知道这些查询，但大多数审计记录是按时间间隔查询的（“昨天晚上7点到8点之间发生了什么变化？”），按对象（'此记录发生了什么变化） table？'）或者作者（'Bob在数据库中做了哪些更改？'）。

Answer 2

我们使用ApexSQL Audit生成审核触发器，下面是此工具使用的数据结构。如果您不打算购买第三方解决方案，可以在试用模式下安装此工具，看看他们如何实现触发器和存储，然后为自己创建类似的东西。

我没有太多关于这些表如何工作的细节，但希望这会让你开始。

enter image description here

Answer 3

没有通用的方法可以按照你想要的方式去做。最终，您最终会为每个表编写大量代码。更不用说如果你需要比较每一栏的变化，它可能会很慢。

此外，您可能同时更新多行意味着您需要打开游标以循环遍历所有记录。

我这样做的方法是使用与您正在跟踪的表相同的结构表，稍后将其取消以显示哪些列实际已更改。我还会跟踪实际进行更改的会话。这假设您正在跟踪表中的主键。

所以给出一个像这样的表

CREATE TABLE TestTable  
(ID INT NOT NULL CONSTRAINT PK_TEST_TABLE PRIMARY KEY,
Name1 NVARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,  
Name2 NVARCHAR(40))

我会在审计schmea中创建一个这样的审计表。

CREATE TABLE Audit.TestTable  
(SessionID UNIQUEIDENTIFER NOT NULL,  
ID INT NOT NULL,
Name1  NVARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,  
Name2  NVARCHAR(40),  
Action NVARCHAR(10) NOT NULL CONSTRAINT CK_ACTION CHECK(Action In 'Deleted','Updated'),  
RowType NVARCHAR(10) NOT NULL CONSTRAINT CK_ROWTYPE CHECK (RowType in 'New','Old','Deleted'),  
ChangedDate DATETIME NOT NULL Default GETDATE(),  
ChangedBy SYSNHAME NOT NULL DEFAULT USER_NAME())

像这样的更新触发器

CREATE Trigger UpdateTestTable ON DBO.TestTable FOR UPDATE AS  
BEGIN  
    SET NOCOUNT ON
    DECLARE @SessionID UNIQUEIDENTIFER
    SET @SessionID = NEWID()
    INSERT Audit.TestTable(Id,Name1,Name2,Action,RowType,SessionID)
    SELECT ID,name1,Name2,'Updated','Old',@SessionID FROM Deleted

    INSERT Audit.TestTable(Id,Name1,Name2,Action,RowType,SessionID)
    SELECT ID,name1,Name2,'Updated','New',@SessionID FROM Inserted

END

运行速度非常快。在报告期间，您只需基于sessionID和主键加入行并生成报告。或者，您可以使用批处理作业定期遍历审计表中的所有表，并准备一个显示更改的名称 - 值对。

HTH

Answer 4

我会提出我的方法和建议。

我在SQL 2005（现在是2008年）的数据库中使用了过去七年的拟议设计表。

我向所选表添加了插入，更新和删除触发器，然后检查了对所选字段的更改。当时很简单，效果很好。

以下是我用这种方法找到的问题：

审计表旧/新值字段必须是varchar（MAX）类型才能处理可以审计的所有不同值：int，bool，decimal，float，varchar等等都有适合
检查每个字段的代码编写维护是很繁琐的。它也容易错过（比如将空字段更改为未捕获的值，因为NULL！= value为NULL。
删除记录：你怎么记录这个？所有领域？选定的？它变得复杂了

我的未来愿景是使用一些SQL-CLR代码并编写一个执行的通用触发器并检查表元数据以查看要审核的内容。其次，New / Old值将转换为XML字段并记录整个对象：这会产生更多数据，但删除具有完整记录。网上有几篇关于XML审计触发器的文章。

Answer 5

CREATE TRIGGER TriggerName 
ON TableName 
FOR INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE AS 
BEGIN
 SET NOCOUNT ON

 DECLARE @ExecStr varchar(50), @Qry nvarchar(255)

 CREATE TABLE #inputbuffer 
 (
  EventType nvarchar(30), 
  Parameters int, 
  EventInfo nvarchar(255)
 )

 SET @ExecStr = 'DBCC INPUTBUFFER(' + STR(@@SPID) + ')'

 INSERT INTO #inputbuffer 
 EXEC (@ExecStr)

 SET @Qry = (SELECT EventInfo FROM #inputbuffer)

 SELECT @Qry AS 'Query that fired the trigger', 
 SYSTEM_USER as LoginName, 
 USER AS UserName, 
 CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AS CurrentTime
END

Answer 6

触发器用于如果您在特定表中修改或插入它将执行，您可以检查触发器中的特定列。完整示例和说明在以下网站中。 http://www.allinworld99.blogspot.com/2015/04/triggers-in-sql.html

Answer 7

我终于找到了一个通用解决方案，它不需要动态sql并记录所有列的更改。

如果表格发生变化，则无需更改触发器。

这是审核日志：

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Audit](
    [ID] [bigint] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    [Type] [char](1) COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AS NULL,
    [TableName] [nvarchar](128) COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AS NULL,
    [PK] [int] NULL,
    [FieldName] [nvarchar](128) COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AS NULL,
    [OldValue] [nvarchar](max) COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AS NULL,
    [NewValue] [nvarchar](max) COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AS NULL,
    [UpdateDate] [datetime] NULL,
    [Username] [nvarchar](8) COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AS NULL,
 CONSTRAINT [PK_AuditB] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
(
    [ID] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY] TEXTIMAGE_ON [PRIMARY]

这是一个表的触发器：

INSERT INTO ILSe.dbo.Audit ([Type], TableName, PK, FieldName, OldValue, NewValue, Username)
      SELECT 
            CASE  WHEN NOT EXISTS (SELECT ID FROM deleted WHERE ID = ISNULL(ins.PK,del.PK)) THEN 'I' 
                WHEN NOT EXISTS (SELECT ID FROM inserted WHERE ID = ISNULL(ins.PK,del.PK)) THEN 'D' 
                  ELSE 'U' END as [Type],
            'AGB' as TableName, 
            ISNULL(ins.PK,del.PK) as PK,
            ISNULL(ins.FieldName,del.FieldName) as FieldName,
            del.FieldValue as OldValue,
            ins.FieldValue as NewValue,
            ISNULL(ins.Username,del.Username) as Username 
FROM (SELECT
      insRowTbl.PK,
      insRowTbl.Username,
      attr.insRow.value('local-name(.)', 'nvarchar(128)') as FieldName,
      attr.insRow.value('.', 'nvarchar(max)') as FieldValue
  FROM (Select
            i.ID as PK,
            i.LastModifiedBy as Username,
            convert(xml, (select i.* for xml raw)) as insRowCol
        from inserted as i
       ) as insRowTbl
       CROSS APPLY insRowTbl.insRowCol.nodes('/row/@*') as attr(insRow)
  ) as ins
FULL OUTER JOIN (SELECT
      delRowTbl.PK,
      delRowTbl.Username,
      attr.delRow.value('local-name(.)', 'nvarchar(128)') as FieldName,
      attr.delRow.value('.', 'nvarchar(max)') as FieldValue
  FROM (Select      
               d.ID as PK,
               d.LastModifiedBy as Username,
               convert(xml, (select d.* for xml raw)) as delRowCol
         from deleted as d
         ) as delRowTbl
        CROSS APPLY delRowTbl.delRowCol.nodes('/row/@*') as attr(delRow)
      ) as del
            on ins.PK = del.PK and ins.FieldName = del.FieldName
 WHERE 
      isnull(ins.FieldName,del.FieldName) not in ('LastModifiedBy', 'ID', 'TimeStamp') 
 and  ((ins.FieldValue is null and del.FieldValue is not null) 
      or (ins.FieldValue is not null and del.FieldValue is null) 
      or (ins.FieldValue != del.FieldValue))

此触发器适用于名为AGB的一个表。具有名称AGB的表具有名为ID的主键列和具有名称LastModifiedBy的列，其包含进行上次编辑的用户名。

触发器由两部分组成，首先它将inserted和deleted表的列转换为行。这在此详细解释：https://stackoverflow.com/a/43799776/4160788

然后它按主键和字段名称连接已插入和已删除表的行（每列一行），并为每个更改的列记录一行。它不会记录ID，TimeStamp或LastModifiedByColumn的更改。

您可以插入自己的TableName，列名称。

您还可以创建以下存储过程，然后调用此存储过程来生成触发器：

IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[_create_audit_trigger]') AND type in (N'P', N'PC'))
BEGIN
EXEC dbo.sp_executesql @statement = N'CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[_create_audit_trigger] AS' 
END
ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[_create_audit_trigger]
     @TableName varchar(max),
     @IDColumnName varchar(max) = 'ID',
     @LastModifiedByColumnName varchar(max) = 'LastModifiedBy',
     @TimeStampColumnName varchar(max) = 'TimeStamp'
AS
BEGIN  

PRINT 'start ' + @TableName + ' (' + @IDColumnName + ', ' + @LastModifiedByColumnName + ', ' + @TimeStampColumnName + ')'

/* if you have other audit trigger on this table and want to disable all triggers, enable this: 
EXEC ('ALTER TABLE ' + @TableName + ' DISABLE TRIGGER ALL')*/

IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE [type] = 'TR' AND [name] = 'tr_audit_'+@TableName)
    EXEC ('DROP TRIGGER [dbo].tr_audit_'+@TableName)


EXEC ('
CREATE TRIGGER [dbo].[tr_audit_'+@TableName+'] ON [ILSe].[dbo].['+@TableName+'] FOR INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
AS
BEGIN
    SET NOCOUNT ON;

      INSERT INTO ILSe.dbo.Audit ([Type], TableName, PK, FieldName, OldValue, NewValue, Username)
      SELECT CASE  WHEN NOT EXISTS (SELECT '+@IDColumnName+' FROM deleted WHERE '+@IDColumnName+' = ISNULL(ins.PK,del.PK)) THEN ''I'' WHEN NOT EXISTS (SELECT '+@IDColumnName+' FROM inserted WHERE '+@IDColumnName+' = ISNULL(ins.PK,del.PK)) THEN ''D'' ELSE ''U'' END as [Type],
        '''+@TableName+''' as TableName, ISNULL(ins.PK,del.PK) as PK, ISNULL(ins.FieldName,del.FieldName) as FieldName, del.FieldValue as OldValue, ins.FieldValue as NewValue, ISNULL(ins.Username,del.Username) as Username FROM 
      (SELECT insRowTbl.PK, insRowTbl.Username, attr.insRow.value(''local-name(.)'', ''nvarchar(128)'') as FieldName, attr.insRow.value(''.'', ''nvarchar(max)'') as FieldValue FROM (Select      
                  i.'+@IDColumnName+' as PK,
                  i.'+@LastModifiedByColumnName+' as Username,
                  convert(xml, (select i.* for xml raw)) as insRowCol
                from inserted as i) as insRowTbl
                CROSS APPLY insRowTbl.insRowCol.nodes(''/row/@*'') as attr(insRow)) as ins
            FULL OUTER JOIN 
      (SELECT delRowTbl.PK, delRowTbl.Username, attr.delRow.value(''local-name(.)'', ''nvarchar(128)'') as FieldName, attr.delRow.value(''.'', ''nvarchar(max)'') as FieldValue FROM (Select      
                  d.'+@IDColumnName+' as PK,
                  d.'+@LastModifiedByColumnName+' as Username,
                  convert(xml, (select d.* for xml raw)) as delRowCol
                from deleted as d) as delRowTbl
                CROSS APPLY delRowTbl.delRowCol.nodes(''/row/@*'') as attr(delRow)) as del on ins.PK = del.PK and ins.FieldName = del.FieldName
    WHERE isnull(ins.FieldName,del.FieldName) not in ('''+@LastModifiedByColumnName+''', '''+@IDColumnName+''', '''+@TimeStampColumnName+''') and
    ((ins.FieldValue is null and del.FieldValue is not null) or (ins.FieldValue is not null and del.FieldValue is null) or (ins.FieldValue != del.FieldValue))

END
')

PRINT 'end ' + @TableName

PRINT ''

END

Answer 8

每个想要监控的表，都需要自己的触发器。很明显，正如在接受的答案中指出的那样 - 代码生成将是一件好事。

如果你喜欢这种方法，可能会想到使用这个触发器，并分别用每个表的生成代码替换一些通用步骤。

然而，我创建了一个完全通用的审计触发器。观察到的表必须具有PK ，但此PK甚至可能是多列。

某些列类型（如BLOB）可能无效，但您可以轻松排除它们。

这不是性能最好的:-D

说实话：这更像是一种练习......

SET NOCOUNT ON;
GO
CREATE TABLE AuditTest(ID UNIQUEIDENTIFIER
                      ,LogDate DATETIME
                      ,TableSchema VARCHAR(250)
                      ,TableName VARCHAR(250)
                      ,AuditType VARCHAR(250),Content XML);
GO

- 一些表来测试这个（故意使用古怪的PK列......）

CREATE TABLE dbo.Testx(ID1 DATETIME NOT NULL
                      ,ID2 UNIQUEIDENTIFIER NOT NULL
                      ,Test1 VARCHAR(100)
                      ,Test2 DATETIME);
--Add a two column PK
ALTER TABLE dbo.Testx ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Test PRIMARY KEY(ID1,ID2);

- 一些测试数据

INSERT INTO dbo.Testx(ID1,ID2,Test1,Test2) VALUES
 ({d'2000-01-01'},NEWID(),'Test1',NULL)
,({d'2000-02-01'},NEWID(),'Test2',{d'2002-02-02'});

- 这是当前内容

SELECT * FROM dbo.Testx;
GO

- 审核的触发器

    CREATE TRIGGER [dbo].[UpdateTestTrigger]
    ON [dbo].[Testx]
    FOR UPDATE,INSERT,DELETE
    AS 
    BEGIN

        IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM deleted) AND NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM inserted) RETURN;

        SET NOCOUNT ON;
        DECLARE @tableSchema VARCHAR(250);
        DECLARE @tableName   VARCHAR(250);
        DECLARE @AuditID UNIQUEIDENTIFIER=NEWID();
        DECLARE @LogDate DATETIME=GETDATE();

        SELECT @tableSchema = sch.name
              ,@tableName   = tb.name
        FROM sys.triggers AS tr
        INNER JOIN sys.tables AS tb ON tr.parent_id=tb.object_id 
        INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS sch ON tb.schema_id=sch.schema_id
        WHERE tr.object_id = @@PROCID

       DECLARE @tp VARCHAR(10)=CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM deleted) AND EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM inserted) THEN 'upd'
                               ELSE CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM deleted) AND NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM inserted) THEN 'del' ELSE 'ins' END END;

       SELECT * INTO #tmpInserted FROM inserted;
       SELECT * INTO #tmpDeleted FROM deleted;

       SELECT kc.ORDINAL_POSITION, kc.COLUMN_NAME
       INTO #tmpPKColumns
       FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS AS tc 
       INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE AS kc ON tc.TABLE_CATALOG=kc.TABLE_CATALOG
                                                            AND tc.TABLE_SCHEMA=kc.TABLE_SCHEMA
                                                            AND tc.TABLE_NAME=kc.TABLE_NAME
                                                            AND tc.CONSTRAINT_NAME=kc.CONSTRAINT_NAME
                                                            AND tc.CONSTRAINT_TYPE='PRIMARY KEY'
       WHERE tc.TABLE_SCHEMA=@tableSchema
         AND tc.TABLE_NAME=@tableName
       ORDER BY kc.ORDINAL_POSITION;

       DECLARE @pkCols VARCHAR(MAX)=
       STUFF
       (
       (
        SELECT 'UNION ALL SELECT ''' + pc.COLUMN_NAME + ''' AS [@name] , CAST(COALESCE(i.' + QUOTENAME(pc.COLUMN_NAME) + ',d.' + QUOTENAME(pc.COLUMN_NAME) + ') AS VARCHAR(MAX)) AS [@value] '
        FROM #tmpPKColumns AS pc
        ORDER BY pc.ORDINAL_POSITION
        FOR XML PATH('')
       ),1,16,'');

       DECLARE @pkColsCompare VARCHAR(MAX)=
       STUFF
       (
       (
        SELECT 'AND i.' + QUOTENAME(pc.COLUMN_NAME) + '=d.' + QUOTENAME(pc.COLUMN_NAME) 
        FROM #tmpPKColumns AS pc
        ORDER BY pc.ORDINAL_POSITION
        FOR XML PATH('')
       ),1,3,'');

       DECLARE @cols VARCHAR(MAX)=
       STUFF
       (
       (
        SELECT ',' + CASE WHEN @tp='upd' THEN 
               'CASE WHEN (i.[' + COLUMN_NAME + ']!=d.[' + COLUMN_NAME + '] ' +
               'OR (i.[' + COLUMN_NAME + '] IS NULL AND d.[' + COLUMN_NAME + '] IS NOT NULL) ' + 
               'OR (i.['+ COLUMN_NAME + '] IS NOT NULL AND d.[' + COLUMN_NAME + '] IS NULL)) ' +
               'THEN ' ELSE '' END +
               '(SELECT ''' + COLUMN_NAME + ''' AS [@name]' + 
                             CASE WHEN @tp IN ('upd','del') THEN ',ISNULL(CAST(d.[' + COLUMN_NAME + '] AS NVARCHAR(MAX)),N''##NULL##'') AS [@old]' ELSE '' END + 
                             CASE WHEN @tp IN ('ins','upd') THEN ',ISNULL(CAST(i.[' + COLUMN_NAME + '] AS NVARCHAR(MAX)),N''##NULL##'') AS [@new] ' ELSE '' END + 
                      ' FOR XML PATH(''Column''),TYPE) ' + CASE WHEN @tp='upd' THEN 'END' ELSE '' END
        FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
        WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA=@tableSchema AND TABLE_NAME=@tableName
        FOR XML PATH('')
       ),1,1,''
       );

        DECLARE @cmd VARCHAR(MAX)=   
        'SET LANGUAGE ENGLISH;
        WITH ChangedColumns AS
        (
        SELECT   A.PK' +
               ',A.PK.query(''data(/PK/Column/@value)'').value(''text()[1]'',''nvarchar(max)'') AS PKVals' +
               ',Col.*  
        FROM #tmpInserted AS i
        FULL OUTER JOIN #tmpDeleted AS d ON ' + @pkColsCompare +
       ' CROSS APPLY
        (
            SELECT ' + @cols + ' 
            FOR XML PATH(''''),TYPE
        ) AS Col([Column])
        CROSS APPLY(SELECT (SELECT tbl.* FROM (SELECT ' + @pkCols + ') AS tbl FOR XML PATH(''Column''), ROOT(''PK''),TYPE)) AS A(PK)
        )
        INSERT INTO AuditTest(ID,LogDate,TableSchema,TableName,AuditType,Content)
        SELECT  ''' + CAST(@AuditID AS VARCHAR(MAX)) + ''',''' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(MAX),@LogDate,126) + ''',''' + @tableSchema + ''',''' + @tableName + ''',''' + @tp + '''
        ,(
        SELECT ''' + @tableSchema + ''' AS [@TableSchema]
                ,''' + @tableName + ''' AS [@TableName]
                ,''' + @tp + ''' AS [@ActionType]
        ,(
            SELECT ChangedColumns.PK AS [*]
            ,(
            SELECT x.[Column] AS [*],''''
            FROM ChangedColumns AS x 
            WHERE x.PKVals=ChangedColumns.PKVals
            FOR XML PATH(''Values''),TYPE
            )
            FROM ChangedColumns
            FOR XML PATH(''Row''),TYPE
            )
        FOR XML PATH(''Changes'')
        );';

        EXEC (@cmd);

       DROP TABLE #tmpInserted;
       DROP TABLE #tmpDeleted;
    END
    GO

- 现在让我们用一些操作来测试它：

UPDATE dbo.Testx SET Test1='New 1' WHERE ID1={d'2000-01-01'};
UPDATE dbo.Testx SET Test1='New 1',Test2={d'2000-01-01'} ;
DELETE FROM dbo.Testx WHERE ID1={d'2000-02-01'};
DELETE FROM dbo.Testx WHERE ID1=GETDATE(); --no affect
INSERT INTO dbo.Testx(ID1,ID2,Test1,Test2) VALUES
 ({d'2000-03-01'},NEWID(),'Test3',{d'2001-03-03'})
,({d'2000-04-01'},NEWID(),'Test4',{d'2001-04-04'})
,({d'2000-05-01'},NEWID(),'Test5',{d'2001-05-05'});
UPDATE dbo.Testx SET Test2=NULL; --all rows
DELETE FROM dbo.Testx WHERE ID1 IN ({d'2000-02-01'},{d'2000-03-01'});
GO

- 检查最终状态

SELECT * FROM dbo.Testx;
SELECT * FROM AuditTest;
GO

- 清理（仔细查看真实数据！）

DROP TABLE dbo.Testx;
GO
DROP TABLE dbo.AuditTest;
GO

插入的结果

<Changes TableSchema="dbo" TableName="Testx" ActionType="ins">
  <Row>
    <PK>
      <Column name="ID1" value="May  1 2000 12:00AM" />
      <Column name="ID2" value="C2EB4D11-63F8-434E-8470-FB4A422A4ED1" />
    </PK>
    <Values>
      <Column name="ID1" new="May  1 2000 12:00AM" />
      <Column name="ID2" new="C2EB4D11-63F8-434E-8470-FB4A422A4ED1" />
      <Column name="Test1" new="Test5" />
      <Column name="Test2" new="May  5 2001 12:00AM" />
    </Values>
  </Row>
  <Row>
    <PK>
      <Column name="ID1" value="Apr  1 2000 12:00AM" />
      <Column name="ID2" value="28625CE7-9424-4FA6-AEDA-1E4853451655" />
    </PK>
    <Values>
      <Column name="ID1" new="Apr  1 2000 12:00AM" />
      <Column name="ID2" new="28625CE7-9424-4FA6-AEDA-1E4853451655" />
      <Column name="Test1" new="Test4" />
      <Column name="Test2" new="Apr  4 2001 12:00AM" />
    </Values>
  </Row>
  <Row>
    <PK>
      <Column name="ID1" value="Mar  1 2000 12:00AM" />
      <Column name="ID2" value="7AB56E6C-2ADC-4945-9D94-15BC9B3F270C" />
    </PK>
    <Values>
      <Column name="ID1" new="Mar  1 2000 12:00AM" />
      <Column name="ID2" new="7AB56E6C-2ADC-4945-9D94-15BC9B3F270C" />
      <Column name="Test1" new="Test3" />
      <Column name="Test2" new="Mar  3 2001 12:00AM" />
    </Values>
  </Row>
</Changes>

更新的选择性结果

<Changes TableSchema="dbo" TableName="Testx" ActionType="upd">
  <Row>
    <PK>
      <Column name="ID1" value="Feb  1 2000 12:00AM" />
      <Column name="ID2" value="D7AB263A-EEFC-47DB-A6BB-A559FE8F2119" />
    </PK>
    <Values>
      <Column name="Test1" old="Test2" new="New 1" />
      <Column name="Test2" old="Feb  2 2002 12:00AM" new="Jan  1 2000 12:00AM" />
    </Values>
  </Row>
  <Row>
    <PK>
      <Column name="ID1" value="Jan  1 2000 12:00AM" />
      <Column name="ID2" value="318C0A66-8833-4F03-BCEF-7AB78C91704F" />
    </PK>
    <Values>
      <Column name="Test2" old="##NULL##" new="Jan  1 2000 12:00AM" />
    </Values>
  </Row>
</Changes>

删除的结果

<Changes TableSchema="dbo" TableName="Testx" ActionType="del">
  <Row>
    <PK>
      <Column name="ID1" value="Mar  1 2000 12:00AM" />
      <Column name="ID2" value="7AB56E6C-2ADC-4945-9D94-15BC9B3F270C" />
    </PK>
    <Values>
      <Column name="ID1" old="Mar  1 2000 12:00AM" />
      <Column name="ID2" old="7AB56E6C-2ADC-4945-9D94-15BC9B3F270C" />
      <Column name="Test1" old="Test3" />
      <Column name="Test2" old="##NULL##" />
    </Values>
  </Row>
</Changes>

Answer 9

它看起来很简单，并且应该很好地工作，直到表中包含image / varbinary等元素为止您有整个旧记录和整个新记录作为xml。应该也可以正常工作，以便批量插入多列。

CREATE TABLE _AuditTable
(Aud_Id int identity(1,1) primary key,
Aud_TableName varchar(100), 
Aud_ActionType char(1),
Aud_Username varchar(100),
Aud_OLDValues xml, 
Aud_NEWValues xml,
Aud_OperationDate datetime DEFAULT GETDATE()
)

并触发代码

CREATE TRIGGER _test2_InsertUpdate on _test2
FOR INSERT, UPDATE
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
 IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM deleted) AND NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM inserted) 
    RETURN;

declare @tablename varchar(100)
SELECT @tablename = OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) 
             FROM sys.objects 
             WHERE sys.objects.name = OBJECT_NAME(@@PROCID)

/*Action*/
DECLARE @ActionType char(1)
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM inserted)
       IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM deleted)
               SELECT @ActionType = 'U'
       ELSE
               SELECT @ActionType = 'I'
ELSE
       SELECT @ActionType = 'D'

declare @inserted xml, @deleted xml 
SET @inserted = (SELECT * FROM inserted FOR XML PATH)
SET @deleted = (SELECT * FROM deleted FOR XML PATH)

             INSERT INTO _AuditTable(Aud_TableName, Aud_ActionType, Aud_Username, Aud_OLDValues, Aud_NEWValues)
             SELECT @tablename, @ActionType, SUSER_SNAME(), @deleted, @inserted
END

输出

Aud_Id | Aud_TableName  | Aud_ActionType | Aud_Username | Aud_OLDValues | Aud_NEWValues |   Aud_OperationDate
1      |_test2          |   I            |abc\mR        |   NULL        |<row><name>abc</name></row> |  2018-11-07 12:38:34.937

Answer 10

有一种通用的方法可以做到。

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Audit](
    [TYPE] [CHAR](1) NULL,
    [TableName] [VARCHAR](128) NULL,
    [PK] [VARCHAR](1000) NULL,
    [FieldName] [VARCHAR](128) NULL,
    [OldValue] [VARCHAR](1000) NULL,
    [NewValue] [VARCHAR](1000) NULL,
    [UpdateDate] [datetime] NULL,
    [UserName] [VARCHAR](128) NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]

在SQL Server中创建审计触发器

10 个答案: