C:类型'struct date'错误的定义不完整

时间:2013-10-27 18:22:17

标签: c

我开始学习C并遇到了一个问题。

我创建了一个日期ADT并希望测试它:)

基本上,我想从标准输入读取一个字符串,将其转换为日期并在标准输出上打印出来。

编译这些文件后,出现以下错误:

datetest.c:15:45: error: incomplete definition of type 'struct date'
  printf("Year: %d Month: %d Day: %d", d->year, d->month, d->day);
                                       ~^
./date.h:4:16: note: forward declaration of 'struct date'
typedef struct date Date;

我做错了什么?

date.c:

#include "date.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

struct date {
  int day;
  int month;
  int year;
};

/*
 * date_create creates a Date structure from `datestr`
 * `datestr' is expected to be of the form "dd/mm/yyyy"
 * returns pointer to Date structure if successful,
 *         NULL if not (syntax error)
 */
Date *date_create(char *datestr) {
  Date *d = (Date *)malloc(sizeof(Date));
  const char delimiter[2] = "/";
  char *token;

  if (d != NULL) {  
    token = strtok(datestr, delimiter);
    d->day = atoi(token);
    token = strtok(NULL, delimiter);
    d->month = atoi(token);
    token = strtok(NULL, delimiter);
    d->year = atoi(token);
    //printf("Day: %d Month: %d Year: %d\n", d->day, d->month, d->year);    
    //printf("Day: %p Month: %p Year: %p\n", *d->day, *d->month, *d->year);
  }
  return d;
};

/*
 * date_duplicate creates a duplicate of `d'
 * returns pointer to new Date structure if successful,
 *         NULL if not (memory allocation failure)
 */
Date *date_duplicate(Date *d) {
  Date *dd = (Date *)malloc(sizeof(Date));
  if (dd != NULL) {
    dd->day = d->day;
    dd->month = d->month;
    dd->year = d->year;
  }
  return dd;
};

/*
 * date_compare compares two dates, returning <0, 0, >0 if
 * date1<date2, date1==date2, date1>date2, respectively
 */
int date_compare(Date *date1, Date *date2) {
  if (date1->year < date2->year)
    return -1;
  else if (date1->year > date2->year)
    return 1;
  else {
    if (date1->month < date2->month)
      return -1;
    else if (date1->month > date2->month)
      return 1;
    else {
      if (date1->day < date2->day)
    return -1;
      else if (date1->day > date2->day)
    return 1;
      else
    return 0;
    }
  }
};

/*
 * date_destroy returns any storage associated with `d' to the system
 */
void date_destroy(Date *d) {
  if (d != NULL)
    free(d);
};

datetest.c:

#include "date.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {
  Date *d;
  char buf[1024], *s;

  while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) != NULL) {
    if (!(d = date_create(buf))) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Unable to create a date.\n");
    return -1;
    }
      printf("Year: %d Month: %d Day: %d", d->year, d->month, d->day);
  }
}

date.h:

#ifndef _DATE_H_INCLUDED_
#define _DATE_H_INCLUDED_

typedef struct date Date;

/*
 * date_create creates a Date structure from `datestr`
 * `datestr' is expected to be of the form "dd/mm/yyyy"
 * returns pointer to Date structure if successful,
 *         NULL if not (syntax error)
 */
Date *date_create(char *datestr);

/*
 * date_duplicate creates a duplicate of `d'
 * returns pointer to new Date structure if successful,
 *         NULL if not (memory allocation failure)
 */
Date *date_duplicate(Date *d);

/*
 * date_compare compares two dates, returning <0, 0, >0 if
 * date1<date2, date1==date2, date1>date2, respectively
 */
int date_compare(Date *date1, Date *date2);

/*
 * date_destroy returns any storage associated with `d' to the system
 */
void date_destroy(Date *d);

#endif /* _DATE_H_INCLUDED_ */

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:10)

你在date.c中定义struct date,datetest.c不知道它是什么。在date.h中声明它。目前它是一个opaque类型 - 任何包含date.h的东西都可以指向它,但不能访问成员。

答案 1 :(得分:2)

datetest.c:15:45: error: incomplete definition of type 'struct date'
  printf("Year: %d Month: %d Day: %d", d->year, d->month, d->day);
                                       ~^
./date.h:4:16: note: forward declaration of 'struct date'
typedef struct date Date;

当编译器解析date.h时,它会检测到date.h没有struct date但它使用date。所以它会引发注释note: forward declaration of 'struct date'

datetest.c中,您已包含date.h,但未包含date.c中的实际定义,且编译器无法检测到该类型。这就是为什么它会抛出错误

error: incomplete definition of type 'struct date'

要解决此问题,

struct date {
  int day;
  int month;
  int year;
};

将其移至date.h文件。

答案 2 :(得分:0)

您的程序在struct date文件中声明.c,这意味着您只能访问.h文件中声明的内容。

您可以声明date的原因是因为您将其设为pointer并且编译器知道所有指针的大小。但是,它对date的成员一无所知,因此,您无法呼叫d->year, d->month, d->day等成员。致电这些成员会给您带来错误。

另一种方法是制作一些返回yearmonth等的接口函数。

由于您可能位于数据结构类中,因此已为您提供了头文件,并且已指示不要更改它。我只会在头文件中调用函数,并在它们按预期工作时打印"passed"之类的内容并显示程序没有分段错误,并将其留在那里而无需调用year,{ {1}}等等。