Question

我有一个名为Cash_Flow_Statements的数据库，我需要创建一个计算过去12个月（TTM）自由现金流的已保存查询。

以下是我的数据库示例：

Cash_Flow_Statement

这是我保存的查询的代码。我已将此代码用于其他计算，因此我知道它有效。我只是不知道如何在SQL中执行Trailing 12个月。

CREATE PROC " & Calculation & " AS _
SELECT Income_Statements.Ticker, Income_Statements.[Year], Income_Statements.Period, _
" & Formula & " AS TTM _
FROM (Income_Statements AS Income_Statements INNER JOIN Balance_Sheets AS Balance_Sheets ON (Income_Statements.Ticker = Balance_Sheets.Ticker) AND (Income_Statements.[Year] = Balance_Sheets.[Year]) AND (Income_Statements.Period = Balance_Sheets.Period)) _
INNER JOIN Cash_Flow_Statements AS Cash_Flow_Statements ON (Balance_Sheets.Ticker = Cash_Flow_Statements.Ticker) AND (Balance_Sheets.[Year] = Cash_Flow_Statements.[Year]) AND (Balance_Sheets.Period = Cash_Flow_Statements.Period)

我需要变量Formula来包含计算自由现金流量的尾随十二个月的等式。这是数学的样子：

自由现金流TTM =总和（经营现金流MRQ1 +经营现金流MRQ2 +经营现金流MRQ3 +经营现金流MRQ4） - 总和（资本支出MRQ1 +资本支出MRQ2 +资本支出MRQ3 +资本支出MRQ4）< / p>

MRQ =最近一个季度

我需要这个公式在SQL中。我该怎么做？

更新

根据@Gord Thompson在下面的回答，我提出了这个代码：

SELECT Ticker, [Year], Period, (SELECT (SUM(su.Net_Cash_Flow_Operating) - SUM(su.Capital_Expenditures)) _
FROM (SELECT Ticker, [Year], Period, Net_Cash_Flow_Operating, Capital_Expenditures _
FROM Cash_Flow_Statements _
UNION ALL _
SELECT Ticker, [Year] + 1, Period - 4, Net_Cash_Flow_Operating, Capital_Expenditures _
FROM Cash_Flow_Statements) su _
WHERE su.Ticker = s.Ticker AND su.[Year] = s.[Year] AND (su.Period Between s.Period - 3 And s.Period)) _
AS SalesLast12Months _
FROM Cash_Flow_Statements AS s

当它本身运行时，它会返回我需要的内容。但正如我在原始帖子中提到的，我需要能够将变量Formula设置为包含SQL语句，然后将其插入到现有的SQL语句中。

所以我试图改编@Gord Thompson的答案，我已经提出了这个问题。

公式：

Formula = “(SELECT (SUM(su.Net_Cash_Flow_Operating) - SUM(su.Capital_Expenditures)) _
FROM (SELECT Ticker, [Year], Period, Net_Cash_Flow_Operating, Capital_Expenditures _
FROM Cash_Flow_Statements UNION ALL SELECT Ticker, [Year] + 1, Period - 4, Net_Cash_Flow_Operating, Capital_Expenditures _
FROM Cash_Flow_Statements) su _
WHERE su.Ticker = Cash_Flow_Statements.Ticker AND su.[Year] = Cash_Flow_Statements.[Year] AND (su.Period Between Cash_Flow_Statements.Period - 3 And Cash_Flow_Statements.Period))”

SQL语句：

"CREATE PROC " & Calculation & " AS SELECT Income_Statements.Ticker, Income_Statements.[Year], Income_Statements.Period, " & Formula & " AS TTM _
FROM (Income_Statements AS Income_Statements _
INNER JOIN Balance_Sheets AS Balance_Sheets ON (Income_Statements.Ticker = Balance_Sheets.Ticker) AND (Income_Statements.[Year] = Balance_Sheets.[Year]) AND (Income_Statements.Period = Balance_Sheets.Period)) _
INNER JOIN Cash_Flow_Statements AS Cash_Flow_Statements ON (Balance_Sheets.Ticker = Cash_Flow_Statements.Ticker) AND (Balance_Sheets.[Year] = Cash_Flow_Statements.[Year]) AND (Balance_Sheets.Period = Cash_Flow_Statements.Period)

结果如下：

enter image description here

这又是非常接近但不是我需要的。我相信我知道是什么原因导致代码在我适应它时不起作用但我不知道如何修复它。在@Gord Thompson代码中，最后一行是FROM Cash_Flow_Statements AS s。当我从原始帖子中将变量公式插入现有的SQL语句时，代码为FROM (Income_Statements AS Income_Statements _ INNER JOIN Balance_Sheets AS Balance_Sheets ON (Income_Statements.Ticker = Balance_Sheets.Ticker) AND (Income_Statements.[Year] = Balance_Sheets.[Year]) AND (Income_Statements.Period = Balance_Sheets.Period)) _ INNER JOIN Cash_Flow_Statements AS Cash_Flow_Statements ON (Balance_Sheets.Ticker = Cash_Flow_Statements.Ticker) AND (Balance_Sheets.[Year] = Cash_Flow_Statements.[Year]) AND (Balance_Sheets.Period = Cash_Flow_Statements.Period)。 我几乎肯定这是问题所在，但不知道如何纠正。

Answer 1

让我们不要太过挂在列上，让我们集中精力选择合适的行。

假设我们有一个名为[SalesSummary]的表，其中包含

Item      FiscalYear  Quarter  TotalSales
--------  ----------  -------  ----------
bicycles        2011        1         100
bicycles        2011        2         200
bicycles        2011        3         300
bicycles        2011        4         400
bicycles        2012        1         500
bicycles        2012        2         600
bicycles        2012        3         700
bicycles        2012        4         800
ham             2011        1          10
ham             2011        2          20
ham             2011        3          30
ham             2011        4          40
ham             2012        1          50
ham             2012        2          60
ham             2012        3          70
ham             2012        4          80

如果我们想要创建一个查询，显示过去12个月（当前季度加上前3个季度）的季度数据和总销售额，我们可能会认为我们必须开始讨论{{1}处理从一个FiscalYear到下一个FiscalYear的“环绕”。幸运的是，我们没有，因为我们可以用下一个财政年度的“假”季度复制相同的数据：2011_Q（4）变为2012_Q（0），2011_Q（3）变为2012_Q（-1），依此类推。

IIf()

返回

    SELECT
        Item,
        FiscalYear,
        Quarter,
        TotalSales
    FROM SalesSummary
UNION ALL
    SELECT
        Item,
        FiscalYear + 1,
        Quarter - 4,
        TotalSales
    FROM SalesSummary

如果我们将该查询保存为[SalesUnion]，那么我们可以使用它来生成我们的总计，如此

Item      FiscalYear  Quarter  TotalSales
--------  ----------  -------  ----------
bicycles        2011        1         100
bicycles        2011        2         200
bicycles        2011        3         300
bicycles        2011        4         400
bicycles        2012        1         500
bicycles        2012        2         600
bicycles        2012        3         700
bicycles        2012        4         800
ham             2011        1          10
ham             2011        2          20
ham             2011        3          30
ham             2011        4          40
ham             2012        1          50
ham             2012        2          60
ham             2012        3          70
ham             2012        4          80
bicycles        2012       -3         100
bicycles        2012       -2         200
bicycles        2012       -1         300
bicycles        2012        0         400
bicycles        2013       -3         500
bicycles        2013       -2         600
bicycles        2013       -1         700
bicycles        2013        0         800
ham             2012       -3          10
ham             2012       -2          20
ham             2012       -1          30
ham             2012        0          40
ham             2013       -3          50
ham             2013       -2          60
ham             2013       -1          70
ham             2013        0          80

或者，如果您不想依赖已保存的查询，则可以一次性完成所有操作：

SELECT 
    Item,
    FiscalYear,
    Quarter,
    TotalSales,
    (
        SELECT 
            SUM(su.TotalSales) 
            FROM SalesUnion su 
            WHERE su.Item = s.Item 
                AND su.FiscalYear = s.FiscalYear 
                AND (su.Quarter Between s.Quarter - 3 And s.Quarter)
    ) AS SalesLast12Months
FROM SalesSummary s

无论哪种方式，结果都是

SELECT 
    Item,
    FiscalYear,
    Quarter,
    TotalSales,
    (
        SELECT 
            SUM(su.TotalSales) 
            FROM 
                (
                        SELECT
                            Item,
                            FiscalYear,
                            Quarter,
                            TotalSales
                        FROM SalesSummary
                    UNION ALL
                        SELECT
                            Item,
                            FiscalYear + 1,
                            Quarter - 4,
                            TotalSales
                        FROM SalesSummary
                ) su 
            WHERE su.Item = s.Item 
                AND su.FiscalYear = s.FiscalYear 
                AND (su.Quarter Between s.Quarter - 3 And s.Quarter)
    ) AS SalesLast12Months
FROM SalesSummary s

Answer 2

变量Formula应该包含：

SELECT (SUM(su.Net_Cash_Flow_Operating) - SUM(su.Capital_Expenditures)) FROM (SELECT Ticker, [Year], Period, Net_Cash_Flow_Operating, Capital_Expenditures FROM Cash_Flow_Statements UNION ALL SELECT Ticker, [Year] + 1, Period - 4, Net_Cash_Flow_Operating, Capital_Expenditures FROM Cash_Flow_Statements) su WHERE su.Ticker = c.Ticker AND su.[Year] = c.[Year] AND (su.Period Between c.Period - 3 And c.Period)

使用MS Access数据库追踪十二个月的公式

2 个答案: