我可以创建一个采用值类型或引用类型但始终返回可空类型的泛型方法

时间:2013-10-24 16:13:13

标签: c# generics reflection data-annotations

这是我的方法。请注意,我将返回泛型参数R的等效可空类型:

    public static Nullable<R> GetValue<T, R>(this T a, Expression<Func<T, R>> expression)
        where T : Attribute
        where R : struct
    {
        if (a == null)
            return null;

        PropertyInfo p = GetProperty(expression);
        if (p == null)
            return null;

        return (R)p.GetValue(a, null);
    }

我可以在调用中使用它来获取如下属性的值:

//I don't throw exceptions for invalid or missing calls 
//because I want to chain the calls together:
int maximumLength4 = instance.GetProperty(x => x.ToString())
                            .GetAttribute<StringLengthAttribute>()
                            .GetValue(x => x.MaximumLength)
                            .GetValueOrDefault(50);

我想对字符串使用相同的泛型方法:

//I'd like to use the GetValue generic method with strings as well as integers 
string erroMessage = instance.GetProperty(x => x.ToString())
                            .GetAttribute<StringLengthAttribute>()
                            .GetValue(x => x.ErrorMessage);

但它不会编译:

  

类型“R”必须是不可为空的值类型才能将其用作   泛型类型或方法'System.Nullable'

中的参数'T'      

无法隐式转换类型'string?' 'string'

我是否可以使用任何技巧在此处获取相同的方法签名,并获得泛型以将返回类型推断为可以为null的返回类型?

这是一些测试代码,表明它适用于整数值:

//[StringLength(256)]
//public string Name { get; set; }
PropertyInfo info = ReflectionAPI.GetProperty<Organisation, String>(x => x.Name);//not null
StringLengthAttribute attr = info.GetAttribute<StringLengthAttribute>();//not null
int? maximumLength = attr.GetValue(x => x.MaximumLength);//256
int? minimumLength = attr.GetValue(x => x.MinimumLength);//0

PropertyInfo info2 = ReflectionAPI.GetProperty<Organisation, int>(x => x.ID);//not null
StringLengthAttribute attr2 = info2.GetAttribute<StringLengthAttribute>();//null because ID doesn't have the attribute
int? maximumLength2 = attr2.GetValue(x => x.MaximumLength);//null
int? minimumLength2 = attr2.GetValue(x => x.MinimumLength);//null

//I can use the GetProperty extension method on an instance
Organisation instance = (Organisation)null;
PropertyInfo info3 = instance.GetProperty(x => x.ToString());//null because its a method call not a property
StringLengthAttribute attr3 = info3.GetAttribute<StringLengthAttribute>();//null
int? maximumLength3 = attr3.GetValue(x => x.MaximumLength);//null
int? minimumLength3 = attr3.GetValue(x => x.MinimumLength);//null

这是我ReflectionAPI的剩余部分:

public static class ReflectionAPI
{

    public static Nullable<R> GetValue<T, R>(this T a, Expression<Func<T, R>> expression)
        where T : Attribute
    {
        if (a == null)
            return null;

        PropertyInfo p = GetProperty(expression);
        if (p == null)
            return null;

        return (R)p.GetValue(a, null);
    }

    public static T GetAttribute<T>(this PropertyInfo p) where T : Attribute
    {
        if (p == null)
            return null;

        return p.GetCustomAttributes(false).OfType<T>().LastOrDefault();
    }

    public static PropertyInfo GetProperty<T, R>(Expression<Func<T, R>> expression)
    {
        if (expression == null)
            return null;

        MemberExpression memberExpression = expression.Body as MemberExpression;
        if (memberExpression == null)
            return null;

        return memberExpression.Member as PropertyInfo;
    }
}

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:5)

不,没有单独的签名可以做到这一点 - 没有办法说“R的可空类型,R本身是参考类型,或Nullable<R>对于不可为空的值类型“。

您可以使用不同的方法,每个方法对R都有不同的约束 - 但是您必须提供不同的名称,或者按类型使用horrible hacks 有效重载参数约束。

为了简单起见,我怀疑你基本上应该有两个不同的方法名称。所以签名:

public static Nullable<R> GetValue<T, R>(this T a, Expression<Func<T, R>> expression)
    where T : Attribute
    where R : struct

public static R GetReference<T, R>(this T a, Expression<Func<T, R>> expression)
    where T : Attribute
    where R : class

两个旁白:

  • 传统的类型参数以T开头,例如TInputTResult
  • 为什么在GetValue使用表达式树?为什么不采取Func<T, R>并执行它?

作为第二个要点的一个例子:

public static Nullable<R> GetValue<T, R>(this T a, Func<T, R> func)
    where T : Attribute
    where R : struct
{
    if (a == null)
        return null;

    return func(a);
}