我正在使用PySide中的QGraphicsScene
创建自定义绘图应用程序 - 我希望能够绘制复杂的形状并让用户通过鼠标与它们进行交互。为此,我创建了一个名为QGraphicsItem
的自定义Node
,通过返回QPainterPath
对象来定义其形状。图形场景使用此形状来决定鼠标何时进入对象。在对象paint
方法中,我只需使用QPainter
绘制路径。
import math
import sys
import weakref
from numpy import *
from PySide.QtGui import *
from PySide.QtCore import *
class Node(QGraphicsItem):
Type = QGraphicsItem.UserType+1
def __init__(self, graphWidget, line):
super(self.__class__, self).__init__()
self.line = line
self.graph = weakref.ref(graphWidget)
self.setFlag(QGraphicsItem.ItemIsMovable)
self.newPos = QPointF()
self.setZValue(-1)
def boundingRect(self):
adjust = 10.0
return QRectF(self.line[0][0]-adjust, self.line[0][1]-adjust, 2*adjust + self.line[1][0]-self.line[0][0]+100,2*adjust+self.line[1][2]-self.line[0][3]+100)
def shape(self):
(x0,y0), (xn,yn) = p0, pn = self.line
dx,dy = xn-x0, yn-y0
dV = array([dx,dy])
mag_dV = linalg.norm(dV)
radius = 10
rotation = array( [[0,-1],[1,0]])
v = dot(rotation, dV) * radius / mag_dV
startAngle = arctan2(*v) * 180/pi + 90
path = QPainterPath()
path.setFillRule(Qt.WindingFill)
path.moveTo(*p0 - v)
path.addEllipse( x0-radius, y0-radius, 2*radius, 2*radius)
path.moveTo(*p0+v)
path.lineTo( QPoint(*pn+v))
path.arcTo( xn - radius, yn-radius, 2*radius, 2*radius, startAngle+180, 180)
path.lineTo(QPoint(*p0-v))
return path.simplified()
def paint(self, painter, option, widget):
painter.setPen(QPen(Qt.black))
painter.setBrush(Qt.darkGray)
painter.drawPath(self.shape())
class GraphWidget(QGraphicsView):
def __init__(self):
super(self.__class__, self).__init__()
self.timerId = 0
scene = QGraphicsScene(self)
scene.setItemIndexMethod(QGraphicsScene.NoIndex)
scene.setSceneRect(-200,-200,400,400)
self.setScene(scene)
self.setCacheMode(QGraphicsView.CacheBackground)
self.setRenderHint(QPainter.Antialiasing)
self.centerNode = Node(self, [[-100,-100],[0,-70]])
scene.addItem(self.centerNode)
self.centerNode.setPos(0,0)
self.scale(0.8,0.8)
self.setMinimumSize(400,400)
self.setWindowTitle(self.tr("Elastic Nodes"))
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
qsrand(QTime(0,0,0).secsTo(QTime.currentTime()))
widget = GraphWidget()
widget.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
我遇到的问题是如何将多边形变成一个实心形状。一个示例形状是这个带圆角的矩形:
当我用椭圆而不是弧形绘制圆形末端时,我得到了这个:
我想要实现的是多边形形状中包含的路径消失了,我所拥有的是整个形状的轮廓,填充了纯色。我也想摆脱你看到的交替填充。这表面上允许我创建任意多边形而不计算每个精确的角度和交点。
到目前为止我尝试过:
我尝试的第一件事是使用path.setFillRule(Qt.WindingFill)
,它应该填充所有内部空间而不是交替颜色。然而,这似乎没有改变结果。
我尝试的第二件事是使用'path.simplified()',这应该正是我所要求的。该命令的结果是:
我该如何克服这个问题?
答案 0 :(得分:2)
好的,所以这个问题的解决方案实际上非常简单:重要的是你绕着这个形状。
上面绘制的形状基本上是沿着线段定向的矩形,每端都有一个圆圈。要绘制矩形,您必须使用单独的线段。在原始问题中,矩形轮廓是逆时针绘制的:
path.lineTo(QPointF(*p0+v))
path.lineTo(QPointF(*pn+v))
path.lineTo(QPointF(*pn-v))
path.lineTo(QPointF(*p0-v))
导致重叠部分未被填充:
如果我改为顺时针绘制矩形轮廓,我没有这个问题。
path.lineTo(QPointF(*pn-v))
path.lineTo(QPointF(*pn+v))
path.lineTo(QPointF(*p0+v))
path.lineTo(QPointF(*p0-v))
结果:
所以你有它。下面是我的最终代码,产生了一个可以点击并可以操作的漂亮的复合线段。
from PySide import QtGui, QtCore
import math
import sys
import weakref
from numpy import *
from PySide.QtGui import *
from PySide.QtCore import *
class Node(QGraphicsItem):
Type = QGraphicsItem.UserType+1
def __init__(self, graphWidget, line):
super(self.__class__, self).__init__()
self.line = line
self.radius = 8
if graphWidget != None:
self.graph = weakref.ref(graphWidget)
self.newPos = QPointF()
self.setCacheMode(self.DeviceCoordinateCache)
self.setZValue(-1)
def boundingRect(self):
adjust = 10.0
x,y = array(self.line).transpose()
rect = [min(x)-self.radius, min(y)-self.radius, max(x)-min(x)+2*self.radius, max(y)-min(y)+2*self.radius]
return QRectF(*rect)
def shape(self):
path = QPainterPath()
path.setFillRule(Qt.WindingFill)
radius = self.radius
rotation = array( [[0,-1],[1,0]])
points = zip(self.line[0:-1], self.line[1:])
for p0, pn in points:
(x0,y0),(xn,yn) = p0,pn
dx,dy = array(pn) - array(p0)
dV = array([dx,dy])
mag_dV = linalg.norm(dV)
v = dot(rotation, dV) * radius / mag_dV
#starting circle
path.addEllipse(QRectF(x0-radius, y0-radius, 2*radius, 2*radius))
#rectangular part
path.moveTo(QPointF(*p0-v))
path.lineTo(QPointF(*pn-v))
path.lineTo(QPointF(*pn+v))
path.lineTo(QPointF(*p0+v))
path.moveTo(QPointF(*pn))
path.addEllipse(QRectF(xn-radius, yn-radius, 2*radius, 2*radius))
return path.simplified()
def paint(self, painter, option, widget):
painter.setPen(Qt.black)
painter.setBrush(Qt.darkGray)
painter.setRenderHint(QPainter.Antialiasing)
painter.drawPath(self.shape())
def setGraph(self, graph):
self.graph = weakref.ref(graph)
class GraphWidget(QGraphicsView):
def __init__(self):
super(self.__class__, self).__init__()
self.timerId = 0
scene = QGraphicsScene(self)
scene.setItemIndexMethod(QGraphicsScene.NoIndex)
scene.setSceneRect(0,0,880,880)
self.setScene(scene)
self.setCacheMode(QGraphicsView.CacheBackground)
self.setRenderHint(QPainter.Antialiasing)
self.setTransformationAnchor(QGraphicsView.AnchorUnderMouse)
self.setResizeAnchor(QGraphicsView.AnchorViewCenter)
self.centerNode = Node(self, [[50,50],[200,100], [500, 100], [700,700]])
scene.addItem(self.centerNode)
self.centerNode.setPos(0,0)
self.setGeometry(100,100,900,900)
self.setWindowTitle(self.tr("Elastic Nodes"))
def addItem(self, item):
self.item = item
self.scene().addItem(item)
item.setGraph(self)
item.show()
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
qsrand(QTime(0,0,0).secsTo(QTime.currentTime()))
widget = GraphWidget()
widget.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())