C ++单独实现和头文件

时间:2013-10-21 20:30:23

标签: c++

我已获得将程序拆分为不同文件的任务。作业是:每个文件都应包含以下内容: customers.h:应包含客户结构的定义和打印客户的声明。 customers.cpp:应包含打印客户的实现(或定义)。 练习1 5.cpp:应包含customers.h和主程序的包含。

这是我的代码:

customers.h

#pragma once;

void print_customers(customer &head);

struct customer
{
string name;
customer *next;

};

customers.cpp

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void print_customers(customer &head) 
{
customer *cur = &head;
while (cur != NULL)
{
    cout << cur->name << endl;
    cur = cur->next;

}

}

exercise_1_5.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "customers.h"
using namespace std;

main()
{
    customer customer1, customer2, customer3;
    customer1.next = &customer2;
    customer2.next = &customer3;

    customer3.next = NULL;
    customer1.name = "Jack";
    customer2.name = "Jane";
    customer3.name = "Joe";
    print_customers(customer1);
    return 0;
}

它在单个程序中编译并运行良好,但是当我尝试将其拆分并使用g++ -o customers.cpp进行编译时

我收到此错误

customers.cpp:4:22: error: variable or field ‘print_customers’ declared void
customers.cpp:4:22: error: ‘customer’ was not declared in this scope
customers.cpp:4:32: error: ‘head’ was not declared in this scope

任何人都可以提供帮助,我只是c ++的初学者

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

void print_customers(customer &head);

C ++编译器以自上而下的方式工作。因此,必须知道它在该点看到的每种类型的标识符。

问题是编译器在上面的语句中不知道类型customer。尝试在函数的前向声明之前声明类型。

struct customer;

或者在结构定义之后移动函数转发声明。

答案 1 :(得分:2)

首先,

#include "customers.h"  // in the "customers.cpp" file.

其次,print_customers使用customer,但此类型尚未声明。您有两种方法可以解决问题。

  1. 声明结构后声明函数的声明。
  2. 在声明函数之前提交转发声明(struct customer;

答案 2 :(得分:1)

customers.h中需要进行一些更改。请参阅代码中的注释。

#pragma once;

#include <string>        // including string as it is referenced in the struct

struct customer
{
    std::string name;    // using std qualifer in header
    customer *next;
};

// moved to below the struct, so that customer is known about
void print_customers(customer &head);

然后您必须#include "customers.h" customers.cpp

请注意我没有在头文件中写using namespace std。因为这会将std命名空间导入包含customer.h的任何内容。有关详细信息,请参阅:Why is including "using namespace" into a header file a bad idea in C++?