如何在向量类中使用异常和指针

时间:2013-10-13 17:24:31

标签: c++ class exception pointers

我有这个矢量类,并且我提供了一个驱动程序来测试该类。大多数似乎工作正常,但我认为异常部分有一些问题(我还没有完全理解)

以下是类.cpp文件的代码

int myVector::at(int i)
    {
if(i<vsize)
    return array[i];
    throw 10;
    }

这是驱动程序代码

#include "myVector.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
// Create a default vector (cap = 2)
myVector sam;

// push some data into sam
cout << "\nPushing three values into sam";
sam.push_back(21);
sam.push_back(31);
sam.push_back(41);

cout << "\nThe values in sam are: ";

// test for out of bounds condition here
for (int i = 0; i < sam.size( ) + 1; i++)
{
    try
    {
            cout << sam.at(i) << " ";
    }
    catch(int badIndex)
    {
        cout << "\nOut of bounds at index " << badIndex << endl;
    }
}
cout << "\n--------------\n";

// clear sam and display its size and capacity
sam.clear( );
cout << "\nsam has been cleared.";
cout << "\nSam's size is now " << sam.size( );
cout << "\nSam's capacity is now " << sam.capacity( ) << endl;  
cout << "---------------\n";

// Push 12 values into the vector - it should grow
cout << "\nPush 12 values into sam.";
for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++)
    sam.push_back(i);

cout << "\nSam's size is now " << sam.size( );
cout << "\nSam's capcacity is now " << sam.capacity( ) << endl;
cout << "---------------\n";

cout << "\nTest to see if contents are correct...";
// display the values in the vector
for (int i = 0; i < sam.size( ); i++)
{

    cout << sam.at(i) << " ";
}
cout << "\n--------------\n";

cout << "\n\nTest Complete...";

cout << endl;
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}

感谢任何帮助。感谢

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

您提供的驱动程序:

try {
    cout << sam.at(i) << " ";
}
catch(int badIndex) {
    cout << "\nOut of bounds at index " << badIndex << endl;
}

期望int将被抛出(设计有点奇怪,但是......这是将使用你的类的代码......)。您对at()的实施可能如下所示:

int& myVector::at(int i) throw(int) {
    if (i < vsize)
        return array[i];
    throw i;
}

只是尝试遵循一条简单的规则: 按价值投掷,按引用引用


另请注意,您有一个指针:

private:
    int* array;

指向在构造函数和 复制构造函数 中分配的动态分配的内存,并在 析构函数 中释放:

myVector::myVector(int i)
{
    ...
    array = new int[maxsize];
}
myVector::myVector(const myVector& v)//copy constructor 
{
    ...
    array =new int[maxsize];
}
myVector::~myVector()
{
    delete[] array;
}

赋值运算符 怎么样?见What is The Rule of Three?

答案 1 :(得分:0)

for循环的停止条件在最后一个元素之后结束一个元素(即,您无法访问sam向量的第4个元素,因为只有三个元素)。

在这种情况下,

std::vector::at会抛出std::out_of_range例外(请参阅:http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/vector/at),而不是int。因此,您应该将异常处理部分更改为以下内容:

#include <exception>

try
{
        cout << sam.at(i) << " ";
}
catch(std::out_of_range exc)
{
    cout << "\nOut of bounds at index " << exc.what() << endl;
}