Question

我有以下格式的输入数据（标签描述）：

（基因条件值）

wnt condition1  1
wnt condition2  10
wnt condition3  15
wnt condition4  -1
bmp condition1  10
bmp condition2  inf
bmp condition3  12
bmp condition4  -1
frz condition1  -12
frz condition2  -6
frz condition3  -0.3

我正在建立一个HoH如下：

#!/usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict; 
use File::Slurp;
use Data::Dumper;

my @data = read_file('stack.txt');

my %hash;
foreach (@data){
    chomp;
    my ($gene, $condition, $value) = (/^(\w+)\t(\w+\d)\t(-?\d+|-?inf)/);
    $hash{$gene}{$condition} = $value;
}

我想循环通过HoH，并且对于每个基因，打印出值，只要该基因的所有值都是阳性（例如10）或阴性（-3）。在上面的数据中，我只打印出来：

frz condition1  -12
frz condition2  -6
frz condition3  -0.3

由于其他基因都包含具有正面和负面价值的条件：

wnt condition1  1
wnt condition2  10
wnt condition3  15
wnt condition4  -1 # discrepancy

bmp condition1  10
bmp condition2  inf
bmp condition3  12
bmp condition4  -1 # discrepancy

我可以按如下方式循环，但不知道如何在一个HoH值和该基因条件键组合的'next'值之间进行比较：

for my $gene (sort keys %hash) { 
     for my $condition (sort keys %{$hash{$gene}}) {
        my $value = $hash{$gene}{$condition};
        print "$gene\t$condition\t$value\n" if $value  =~ m/-/;  # This obviously will only print out negative values. I want to compare all values here, and if they are all positive, or all negative, print them.        
    }
}

如果我能进一步澄清，请告诉我

Answer 1

不是将一个值与其邻居隔离，而是可以迭代给定基因的整个值列表，并为正值和负值增加单独的计数器，然后比较计数以查看是否存在差异。 / p>

假设您的数据符合以下方案：

'bmp' => HASH(0x7324710)
   'condition1' => 10
   'condition2' => 'inf'
   'condition3' => 12
   'condition4' => '-1'
'frz' => HASH(0x7323c78)
   'condition1' => '-12'
   'condition2' => '-6'
   'condition3' => '-0.3'
'wnt' => HASH(0x72a5c30)
   'condition1' => 1
   'condition2' => 10
   'condition3' => 15
   'condition4' => '-1'

对于您问题中的最后一个代码块，此替换将为您提供所需的结果：

for my $gene (sort keys %hash) {
    # These variables will contain:
    # - Counts of positive and negative values
    my ($pos_vals, $neg_vals) = (0, 0);
    # - A true/false value indicating whether discrepancy exists
    my $discrepant = undef;
    # - A list of the values of all conditions for a given gene
    my @values = ();

    # Collect condition values for this gene into @values
    my @values = values %{ $hash{$gene} };

    # For each such value, test for a leading - and increment
    # the positive or negative value count accordingly
    for @values { $_ =~ m/^-/ ? $neg_vals++ : $pos_vals++ };

    # If neither counter is zero (i.e. both evaluate true), then
    # a discrepancy exists; otherwise, one doesn't -- either way,
    # we put the test result in $discrepant so as to produce a
    # cleaner test in the following if statement
    $discrepant = (($pos_vals > 0) and ($neg_vals > 0));

    # In the absence of a discrepancy...
    if (not $discrepant) {
        # iterate over the conditions for this gene and print the gene
        # name, the condition name, and the value
        # NB: this is somewhat idiomatic Perl, but you'll tend to see
        # it from time to time and it's thus worth knowing about
        print "$gene\t$_\t$hash{$gene}->{$_}\n"
          foreach sort keys %{ $hash{$gene} };
    };
}

NB ：这将正确处理正无穷大，但会将零视为正数，这可能不适合您的情况。数据中是否出现零值？如果是这样，他们应该被视为积极的，消极的，还是两者都没有？

Answer 2

此代码通过检查每个基因的哈希值中的所有值来解决问题，如果值包含减号，则递增$neg，否则$pos。如果阳性计数或阴性计数为零，则所有值都具有相同的符号，并对该基因的数据进行排序和显示。

注意这会将inf和0视为正数，这可能是也可能不是。

请注意，使用read_file是浪费的，因为它会立即将整个文件拉入内存。您也可以使用while循环并逐行读取文件，而不是循环遍历数组。使用use autodie时，无需检查文件open调用是否成功。

use strict;
use warnings;
use autodie;

open my $fh, '<', 'stack.txt';

my %data;

while (<$fh>) {
  chomp;
  my ($gene, $condition, $value) = split /\t/;
  $data{$gene}{$condition} = $value;
}

while (my ($gene, $values) = each %data) {

  my ($pos, $neg) = (0, 0);

  ++(/-/ ? $neg : $pos) for values %$values;

  unless ($neg and $pos) {
    for my $condition (sort keys %$values) {
      printf "%s\t%s\t%s\n", $gene, $condition, $values->{$condition};
    }
  }
}

<强>输出

frz condition1  -12
frz condition2  -6
frz condition3  -0.3

Answer 3

my @data = <$your_file_handle>;

my %hash;
foreach (@data){
    chomp;
    my ($gene, $condition, $value) = split; #Sorry, your regex didn't work for me, 
                                            #hence the change.
    $hash{$gene}{$condition} = $value;
}

for my $gene (sort keys %hash){
    my $values = join '', values $hash{$gene};
    my $num = %{$hash{$gene}}/1;  #Number of conditions

    #when no '-' is detected or number of '-' matches the one of conditions, print.
    say $gene if ($values !~ /-/ or $values =~ tr/-/-/ == $num); 
}

如何按键比较哈希值

3 个答案: