如何重定向CreateProcess执行的命令的大量输出?

时间:2013-10-06 17:53:31

标签: delphi winapi

我需要从命令行运行sqlite backup命令。我不想使用“cmd / c”。命令是:

  

sqlite3.exe MYDB.db .dump> Mydb.bak中还原

我在SO上找不到任何显示如何执行此操作的示例。

到目前为止,从各种SO帖子收集的代码是这样的,但是非常不完整:

function StartProcess(const ACommandLine: string; AShowWindow: boolean = True;
  AWaitForFinish: boolean = False): Integer;
var
  CommandLine: string;
  StartupInfo: TStartupInfo;
  ProcessInformation: TProcessInformation;
  StdOutPipeRead, StdOutPipeWrite: THandle;
  Handle: boolean;
begin
   Result := 0;
   FillChar(StartupInfo, SizeOf(TStartupInfo), 0);
   FillChar(ProcessInformation, SizeOf(TProcessInformation), 0);
   StartupInfo.cb := SizeOf(TStartupInfo);

   StartupInfo.hStdInput := GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
   StartupInfo.hStdOutput := StdOutPipeWrite;
   StartupInfo.hStdError := StdOutPipeWrite;

   if not(AShowWindow) then
   begin
   StartupInfo.dwFlags := STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
   StartupInfo.wShowWindow := SW_SHOWNORMAL;
   end;

   CommandLine := ACommandLine;
   UniqueString(CommandLine);
   Handle := CreateProcess(nil, PChar(CommandLine), nil, nil, False,
   CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP + NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS, nil, nil, StartupInfo, ProcessInformation);

   CloseHandle(StdOutPipeWrite);

   if Handle then


   Result := ProcessInformation.dwProcessId;

   if AWaitForFinish then
   WaitForSingleObject(ProcessInformation.hProcess, INFINITE);

   CloseHandle(ProcessInformation.hProcess);
   CloseHandle(ProcessInformation.hThread);
end;

由于dump命令的输出非常大,我不知道如何从stdout捕获输出然后重定向它。将它重定向到什么? COPY CON?还是TFileStream.Write?

我见过这个post,但在实现重定向到输出文件方面却不完整。我想我应该问“实现这个目的的最有效方法是什么?”

如果有人之前已经这样做了,请发一个代码示例说明我该怎么做。

TIA。

编辑:

根据David Heffernan的回答,这是我修改后的代码,确实可以正常运行:

function StartProcessWithRedirectedOutput(const ACommandLine: string; const AOutputFile: string;
  AShowWindow: boolean = True; AWaitForFinish: boolean = False): Integer;
var
  CommandLine: string;
  StartupInfo: TStartupInfo;
  ProcessInformation: TProcessInformation;
  StdOutFileHandle: THandle;
  ProcessResult: boolean;
begin
  Result := 0;

  StdOutFileHandle := CreateFile(PChar(AOutputFile), GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ, nil, CREATE_ALWAYS,
    FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, 0);
  Win32Check(StdOutFileHandle <> INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);

  Win32Check(SetHandleInformation(StdOutFileHandle, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, 1));

  try
    FillChar(StartupInfo, SizeOf(TStartupInfo), 0);
    FillChar(ProcessInformation, SizeOf(TProcessInformation), 0);

    StartupInfo.cb := SizeOf(TStartupInfo);
    StartupInfo.dwFlags := StartupInfo.dwFlags or STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
    StartupInfo.hStdInput := GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
    StartupInfo.hStdOutput := StdOutFileHandle;
    StartupInfo.hStdError := StdOutFileHandle;

    if not(AShowWindow) then
    begin
      StartupInfo.dwFlags := StartupInfo.dwFlags or STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
      StartupInfo.wShowWindow := SW_HIDE;
    end;

    CommandLine := ACommandLine;
    UniqueString(CommandLine);

    ProcessResult := Win32Check(CreateProcess(nil, PChar(CommandLine), nil, nil, True,
      CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP + NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS, nil, nil, StartupInfo, ProcessInformation));

    if ProcessResult then
    begin
      try
        Result := ProcessInformation.dwProcessId;

        if AWaitForFinish then
          WaitForSingleObject(ProcessInformation.hProcess, INFINITE);

      finally
        if ProcessInformation.hProcess <> INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE then
          CloseHandle(ProcessInformation.hProcess);

        if ProcessInformation.hThread <> INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE then
          CloseHandle(ProcessInformation.hThread);
      end;
    end;

  finally
    CloseHandle(StdOutFileHandle);
  end;
end;

procedure TfAdmin.DoDBBackup(ADBBackupFile: String);
var
  b, p, q: String;
begin

  b := ExtractFilePath(ParamStr(0)) + 'PPDB.bak';
  p := ExtractFilePath(ParamStr(0)) + 'sqlite3.exe';
  q := ExtractFilePath(ParamStr(0)) + 'PPDB.db .dump';

  fMain.UniConnection1.Close;
  try
    StartProcessWithRedirectedOutput(p + ' ' + q, b, True, True);
  finally
    fMain.UniConnection1.Open;
  end;

  ZipMaster1.FSpecArgs.Add(b);
  ZipMaster1.ZipFileName := ADBBackupFile;
  ZipMaster1.Add;

  DeleteFile(b);

  ShowMessage('Backup complete!');

end;

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:5)

为重定向创建文件句柄。这就是你的cmd脚本的作用。重定向到名为'MYDB.bak'的文件。

因此,调用CreateFile创建具有该名称的文件,并将返回的句柄指定为StartupInfo.hStdOutput。外部进程完成后,在文件句柄上调用CloseHandle以关闭文件。您需要决定如何处理标准错误句柄。一种常见的选择是将其与标准输出合并。为hStdOutputhStdError分配相同的句柄。

您的代码正在分配标准句柄,但不会要求外部进程使用它们。您需要在STARTF_USESTDHANDLES中加入StartupInfo.dwFlags

CreateFile的调用如下所示:

StdOutFileHandle := CreateFile(
  'MYDB.bak',
  GENERIC_WRITE,
  FILE_SHARE_READ,
  nil,
  CREATE_ALWAYS,
  FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
  0
);

检查CreateFile返回的值是否不等于INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE

正如我在上一个问题中提到的,您需要外部进程来继承传递它的文件句柄。如果您不允许继承句柄,则外部进程无法使用您传递它的句柄。因此,True bInheritHandles参数传递CreateProcess

CreateFile创建的文件句柄默认不可继承。您可以传递使其可继承的安全属性。或者您可以在创建后明确设置它。后者看起来像这样:

Win32Check(SetHandleInformation(StdOutFileHandle, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, 1));

前者的例子(在管道的背景下)可以在我的答案中看到:How to redirect binary gbak output to a Delphi stream?

提及StdOutPipeWrite的所有代码都需要删除。它暂时无法工作,因为您没有初始化句柄。

您应该充分利用try/finally,以确保即使遇到异常也不会泄漏任何句柄。

最后,您的代码包含许多错误,并且几乎没有错误检查。我建议您阅读并重新阅读CreateProcess的文档。在MSDN上也很好地阅读了这个例子:http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms682499.aspx。虽然它使用管道,但主体是相同的。完全相同,但不是管道使用调用CreateProcess返回的句柄。

答案 1 :(得分:2)

对于更完整的答案,还说明了输入重定向,我发布了我的代码。感谢David Heffernan的指导,没有这个指导,这是不可能的。

该代码涉及通过使用CreateProcess调用Sqlite3.exe可执行文件来备份和恢复SQLite数据库。显然,输入和输出需要重定向到此命令,并且下面的代码说明了如何实现此目的:

function StartProcessWithRedirectedOutput(const ACommandLine: string; const AOutputFile: string;
  AShowWindow: boolean = True; AWaitForFinish: boolean = False): Integer;
var
  CommandLine: string;
  StartupInfo: TStartupInfo;
  ProcessInformation: TProcessInformation;
  StdOutFileHandle: THandle;
begin
  Result := 0;

  StdOutFileHandle := CreateFile(PChar(AOutputFile), GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ, nil, CREATE_ALWAYS,
    FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, 0);
  Win32Check(StdOutFileHandle <> INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
  try
    Win32Check(SetHandleInformation(StdOutFileHandle, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, 1));
    FillChar(StartupInfo, SizeOf(TStartupInfo), 0);
    FillChar(ProcessInformation, SizeOf(TProcessInformation), 0);

    StartupInfo.cb := SizeOf(TStartupInfo);
    StartupInfo.dwFlags := StartupInfo.dwFlags or STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
    StartupInfo.hStdInput := GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
    StartupInfo.hStdOutput := StdOutFileHandle;
    StartupInfo.hStdError := StdOutFileHandle;

    if not(AShowWindow) then
    begin
      StartupInfo.dwFlags := StartupInfo.dwFlags or STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
      StartupInfo.wShowWindow := SW_HIDE;
    end;

    CommandLine := ACommandLine;
    UniqueString(CommandLine);

    Win32Check(CreateProcess(nil, PChar(CommandLine), nil, nil, True,
      CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP + NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS, nil, nil, StartupInfo, ProcessInformation));

    try
      Result := ProcessInformation.dwProcessId;

      if AWaitForFinish then
        WaitForSingleObject(ProcessInformation.hProcess, INFINITE);

    finally
      CloseHandle(ProcessInformation.hProcess);
      CloseHandle(ProcessInformation.hThread);
    end;

  finally
    CloseHandle(StdOutFileHandle);
  end;
end;

function StartProcessWithRedirectedInput(const ACommandLine: string; const AInputFile: string;
  AShowWindow: boolean = True; AWaitForFinish: boolean = False): Integer;
var
  CommandLine: string;
  StartupInfo: TStartupInfo;
  ProcessInformation: TProcessInformation;
  StdInFileHandle: THandle;
begin
  Result := 0;

  StdInFileHandle := CreateFile(PChar(AInputFile), GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, nil, OPEN_EXISTING,
    FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, 0);
  Win32Check(StdInFileHandle <> INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);

  try
    Win32Check(SetHandleInformation(StdInFileHandle, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, 1));
    FillChar(StartupInfo, SizeOf(TStartupInfo), 0);
    FillChar(ProcessInformation, SizeOf(TProcessInformation), 0);

    StartupInfo.cb := SizeOf(TStartupInfo);
    StartupInfo.dwFlags := StartupInfo.dwFlags or STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
    StartupInfo.hStdInput := StdInFileHandle;
    StartupInfo.hStdOutput := GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
    StartupInfo.hStdError := GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);

    if not(AShowWindow) then
    begin
      StartupInfo.dwFlags := StartupInfo.dwFlags or STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
      StartupInfo.wShowWindow := SW_HIDE;
    end;

    CommandLine := ACommandLine;
    UniqueString(CommandLine);

    Win32Check(CreateProcess(nil, PChar(CommandLine), nil, nil, True,
      CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP + NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS, nil, nil, StartupInfo, ProcessInformation));

    try
      Result := ProcessInformation.dwProcessId;

      if AWaitForFinish then
        WaitForSingleObject(ProcessInformation.hProcess, INFINITE);

    finally
      CloseHandle(ProcessInformation.hProcess);
      CloseHandle(ProcessInformation.hThread);
    end;

  finally
    CloseHandle(StdInFileHandle);
  end;
end;

procedure TfAdmin.DoDBBackup(ADBBackupFile: String);
var
  b, p, q: String;
begin
  b := ExtractFilePath(ParamStr(0)) + 'PPDB.bak';
  p := '"' + ExtractFilePath(ParamStr(0)) + 'sqlite3.exe"';
  q := '"' + ExtractFilePath(ParamStr(0)) + 'PPDB.db" .dump';

  fMain.UniConnection1.Close;
  try
    StartProcessWithRedirectedOutput(p + ' ' + q, b, True, True);
  finally
    fMain.UniConnection1.Open;
  end;

  ZipMaster1.FSpecArgs.Add(b);
  ZipMaster1.ZipFileName := ADBBackupFile;
  ZipMaster1.Add;

  DeleteFile(b);

  ShowMessage('Backup complete!');
end;

procedure TfAdmin.DoDBRestore(ADBBackupFile: String);
var
  b, p, q, q2, r: String;
begin
  b := ExtractFilePath(ParamStr(0)) + 'PPDB.bak';
  p := '"' + ExtractFilePath(ParamStr(0)) + 'sqlite3.exe"';
  q := '"' + ExtractFilePath(ParamStr(0)) + 'PPDB.db"';

  ZipMaster1.ExtrBaseDir := ExtractFilePath(ParamStr(0));
  ZipMaster1.ExtrOptions := [ExtrOverWrite];
  ZipMaster1.ZipFileName := ADBBackupFile;
  ZipMaster1.Extract;

  fMain.UniConnection1.Close;
  try
    q2 := StringReplace(q, '"', '', [rfReplaceAll]);
    r := ChangeFileExt(q2, '.db$');
    if FileExists(r) then
      DeleteFile(r);
    if not RenameFile(q2, r) then
      RaiseLastOSError;
    StartProcessWithRedirectedInput(p + ' ' + q, b, True, True);
  finally
    fMain.UniConnection1.Open;
  end;

  DeleteFile(b);

  ShowMessage('Restore complete!');

end;