有没有更好的方法来分割对象的一个​​属性?

时间:2013-10-06 16:25:22

标签: python list google-app-engine sorting python-2.7

我目前正在开发一个AppEngine应用程序,并且有一个数据存储区中的对象列表,我想根据它们的一个属性将这些对象拆分成组。我有一个解决方案,但我想检查是否有人知道更好的方法来做到这一点。

这是我目前的代码:

for report in reports:
  if report.status == 'new':
    new_reports.append(report)
  elif report.status == 'read':
    read_reports.append(report)
  elif report.status == 'accepted':
    accepted_reports.append(report)
  elif report.status == 'deined':
    denied_reports.append(report)
  elif report.status == 'resubmitted':
    resubmitted_reports.append(report)

欢迎任何想法!

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

你可以有一个从状态到功能的字典:

d= {"new":new_reports.append,
    "read":read_reports.append,
    "accepted":accepted_reports.append,
    "deined":denied_reports.append,
    "resubmitted":resubmitted_reports.append
}

for report in reports:
     d[report.status](report)

答案 1 :(得分:2)

字典会很好而不是所有的局部变量:

reports_by_status = {'new': [],
     'read': [],
     'accepted': [],
     'deined': [],    # denied?
     'resubmitted': []}

for report in reports:
    d[report.status].append(report)

但是你弄错了!通过使用status变量中的任何数据来指定类别来防止这种情况可能会很好:

reports_by_status = {}
for report in reports:
    if report.status not in reports_by_status:
        reports_by_status[status] = []
    reports_by_status[status].append(report)

这是一种常见的模式,所以我们有几种方法可以让它变得更好:

reports_by_status = {}
for report in reports:
    reports_by_status.set_default(report.status, []).append(report)

但更好的是默认用语:

from collections import defaultdict
by_status = defaultdict(list)
for report in reports:
    by_status[report].append(report)

itertools.groupby很好,它封装了分类操作:

from itertools import groupby
by_status = {}
for category, group in groupby(reports, lambda x: x.status):
    by_status[category] = list(group)

但现在我们的循环正在查看map() - ish,所以让我们使用列表理解:

from itertools import groupby
dict([(k:list(v)) for k, v in groupby(reports, lambda x: x.status)])

然后记住我们在Python 2.7中,所以我们也有字典理解:

from itertools import groupby
{k:list(v) for k, v in groupby(reports, lambda x: x.status)}

或者我最喜欢的,

from itertools import groupby
from operator import attrgetter
{k:list(v) for k, v in groupby(reports, attrgetter('status'))}

答案 2 :(得分:1)

字典怎么样:

dct = {"new":new_reports, "read":read_reports, "accepted":accepted_reports, "denied":denied_reports, "resubmitted":resubmitted_reports}
for report in reports:
    dct[report.status].append(report)

或者,如果词典中没有report.status,则可以添加try / except块:

dct = {"new":new_reports, "read":read_reports,"accepted":accepted_reports, "denied":denied_reports, "resubmitted":resubmitted_reports}
for report in reports:
    try:
        dct[report.status].append(report)
    except KeyError:
        continue