UnicodeEncodeError：'ascii'

Question

对不起家伙我真的很陌生......这是完整的python脚本。

该脚本的目的是读取两个不同的1线温度传感器，然后使用HTTP post将这些值写入mysql数据库。

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import requests
import hashlib
import time

#Dont forget to fill in PASSWORD and URL TO saveTemp (twice) in this file

sensorids = ["28-00000", "28-000004"]
avgtemperatures = []
for sensor in range(len(sensorids)):
    temperatures = []
    for polltime in range(0,3):
            text = '';
            while text.split("\n")[0].find("YES") == -1:
                    # Open the file that we viewed earlier so that python can see what          is in it. Replace the serial number as before.
                    tfile = open("/sys/bus/w1/devices/"+ sensorids[sensor] +"/w1_slave")
                    # Read all of the text in the file.
                    text = tfile.read()
                    # Close the file now that the text has been read.
                    tfile.close()
                    time.sleep(1)

            # Split the text with new lines (\n) and select the second line.
            secondline = text.split("\n")[1]
            # Split the line into words, referring to the spaces, and select the 10th word (counting from 0).
            temperaturedata = secondline.split(" ")[9]
            # The first two characters are "t=", so get rid of those and convert the temperature from a string to a number.
            temperature = float(temperaturedata[2:])
            # Put the decimal point in the right place and display it.
            temperatures.append(temperature / 1000 * 9.0 / 5.0 + 32.0)

    avgtemperatures.append(sum(temperatures) / float(len(temperatures)))

print avgtemperatures[0]
print avgtemperatures[1]

session = requests.Session()
# Getting a fresh nonce which we will use in the authentication step.
nonce = session.get(url='http://127.0.0.1/temp/saveTemp.php?step=nonce').text

# Hashing the nonce, the password and the temperature values (to provide some integrity).
response = hashlib.sha256('{}PASSWORD{}{}'.format(nonce.encode('utf8'), *avgtemperatures).hexdigest())

# Post data of the two temperature values and the authentication response.
post_data = {'response':response, 'temp1':avgtemperatures[0], 'temp2': avgtemperatures[1]}

post_request = session.post(url='http://127.0.0.1/temp/saveTemp.php', data=post_data)

if post_request.status_code == 200 :
    print post_request.text

以下是我收到的新错误。

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/var/www/pollSensors.py", line 42, in <module>
response = hashlib.sha256('{}PASSWORD{}{}'.format(nonce.encode('utf8'), *avgtemperatures).hexdigest())
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'hexdigest'

Answer 1

nonce是一个unicode值; session.get(..).text始终是unicode。

您试图将该值强制转换为字符串而不显式提供编码。因此，Python正在尝试使用默认的ASCII编解码器为您编码。那种编码失败了。

明确地将Unicode值编码为字符串。对于SHA 256哈希，UTF-8可能没什么问题。

response = hashlib.sha256(nonce.encode('utf8') + 'PASSWORD' +
                          str(avgtemperatures[0]) +
                          str(avgtemperatures[1])).hexdigest()

或使用字符串模板：

response = hashlib.sha256('{}PASSWORD{}{}'.format(
    nonce.encode('utf8'), *avgtemperatures)).hexdigest()

Answer 2

我得到了类似的问题，除了它是十进制而不是ascci

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