MySQL:选择N行,但在一列中只有唯一值

时间:2008-10-10 10:11:47

标签: sql mysql unique aggregate-functions min

鉴于此数据集:

ID  Name            City            Birthyear
1   Egon Spengler   New York        1957
2   Mac Taylor      New York        1955
3   Sarah Connor    Los Angeles     1959
4   Jean-Luc Picard La Barre        2305
5   Ellen Ripley    Nostromo        2092
6   James T. Kirk   Riverside       2233
7   Henry Jones     Chicago         1899

我需要找到3个最老的人,但每个城市只有一个。

如果它只是三个最老的,那就是......

  • 亨利琼斯/芝加哥
  • Mac Taylor /纽约
  • Egon Spengler /纽约

然而,由于Egon Spengler和Mac Taylor都位于纽约,Egon Spengler将退出,而下一个(Sarah Connor /洛杉矶)将会进入。

任何优雅的解决方案?

更新

目前,PConroy的变体是最佳/最快的解决方案:

SELECT P.*, COUNT(*) AS ct
   FROM people P
   JOIN (SELECT MIN(Birthyear) AS Birthyear
              FROM people 
              GROUP by City) P2 ON P2.Birthyear = P.Birthyear
   GROUP BY P.City
   ORDER BY P.Birthyear ASC 
   LIMIT 10;

他对“IN”的原始查询对于大数据集来说极其缓慢(在5分钟后中止),但是将子查询移动到JOIN会加快它的速度。约需0.15秒。我的测试环境中有1 mio行。我有一个关于“City,Birthyear”的索引,还有一个关于“Birthyear”的索引。

注意:这与......有关。

5 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:18)

可能不是最优雅的解决方案,IN的性能可能会受到更大的表格的影响。

嵌套查询获得每个城市的最小Birthyear。只有具有此Birthyear的记录才会在外部查询中匹配。按年龄排序然后限制为3个结果可以让你找到3个最老的人,他们也是他们城市中最老的人(Egon Spengler退出..)

SELECT Name, City, Birthyear, COUNT(*) AS ct
FROM table
WHERE Birthyear IN (SELECT MIN(Birthyear)
               FROM table
               GROUP by City)
GROUP BY City
ORDER BY Birthyear DESC LIMIT 3;

+-----------------+-------------+------+----+
| name            | city        | year | ct |
+-----------------+-------------+------+----+
| Henry Jones     | Chicago     | 1899 | 1  |
| Mac Taylor      | New York    | 1955 | 1  |
| Sarah Connor    | Los Angeles | 1959 | 1  |
+-----------------+-------------+------+----+

修改 - 将GROUP BY City添加到外部查询,因为具有相同出生年份的人将返回多个值。对外部查询进行分组可确保每个城市只返回一个结果,如果多个人具有该最小值Birthyearct列将显示城市中是否存在多个人Birthyear

答案 1 :(得分:3)

这可能不是最优雅,最快捷的解决方案,但应该可行。我期待看到真正的数据库大师的解决方案。

select p.* from people p,
(select city, max(age) as mage from people group by city) t
where p.city = t.city and p.age = t.mage
order by p.age desc

答案 2 :(得分:2)

那样的东西?

SELECT
  Id, Name, City, Birthyear
FROM
  TheTable
WHERE
  Id IN (SELECT TOP 1 Id FROM TheTable i WHERE i.City = TheTable.City ORDER BY Birthyear)

答案 3 :(得分:1)

不漂亮,但也应该与具有相同dob的多个人一起工作:

测试数据:

select id, name, city, dob 
into people
from
(select 1 id,'Egon Spengler' name, 'New York' city , 1957 dob
union all select 2, 'Mac Taylor','New York', 1955
union all select 3, 'Sarah Connor','Los Angeles', 1959
union all select 4, 'Jean-Luc Picard','La Barre', 2305
union all select 5, 'Ellen Ripley','Nostromo', 2092
union all select 6, 'James T. Kirk','Riverside', 2233
union all select 7, 'Henry Jones','Chicago', 1899
union all select 8, 'Blah','New York', 1955) a

查询:

select 
    * 
from 
    people p
    left join people p1
    ON 
        p.city = p1.city
        and (p.dob > p1.dob and p.id <> p1.id)
        or (p.dob = p1.dob and p.id > p1.id)
where
    p1.id is null
order by 
    p.dob

答案 4 :(得分:1)

@BlaM

<强>已更新 刚发现使用USING代替ON很好。它将删除结果中的重复列。

SELECT P.*, COUNT(*) AS ct
   FROM people P
   JOIN (SELECT City, MIN(Birthyear) AS Birthyear
              FROM people 
              GROUP by City) P2 USING(Birthyear, City)
   GROUP BY P.City
   ORDER BY P.Birthyear ASC 
   LIMIT 10;

原始帖子

嗨,我已经尝试使用您更新的查询但我得到了错误的结果,直到我添加了额外的条件加入(也加入选择的额外列)。转移到您的查询,我使用这个:

SELECT P.*, COUNT(*) AS ct
   FROM people P
   JOIN (SELECT City, MIN(Birthyear) AS Birthyear
              FROM people 
              GROUP by City) P2 ON P2.Birthyear = P.Birthyear AND P2.City = P.City
   GROUP BY P.City
   ORDER BY P.Birthyear ASC 
   LIMIT 10;

理论上你不应该需要最后的GROUP BY P.City,但我现在把它留在那里,以防万一。可能会在以后删除它。