我正在开发一个应用程序，我必须迎合4英寸到10英寸之间的大多数Android设备，并且想知道是否有办法创建可以根据设备进行扩展的通用屏幕布局。
这是一种更好的方式，而不是我目前为每种屏幕类别开发不同布局和相应活动的逻辑，即4英寸，5英寸等。
如下所示，我利用DisplayMetrics字段和毕达哥拉斯定理来确定屏幕尺寸，例如找到设备的高度我进行以下计算：
double yDeviceScreenSize = Math.pow(DeviceScreenSize.heightPixels/DeviceScreenSize.ydpi,2);
上面的代码行基本上是显示器的绝对高度（以像素为单位）除以Y维度中每英寸屏幕的精确物理像素，然后是平方值。
以类似的方式，我以相同的方式获得宽度图。这表示如下：
double xDeviceScreenSize = Math.pow(DeviceScreenSize.widthPixels/DeviceScreenSize.xdpi,2);
上面的计算之后是获得如下所示的平方根值，然后我用它来挑选我在相同屏幕尺寸值的设备上开发和测试的值：
DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen = Math.sqrt(xDeviceScreenSize + yDeviceScreenSize);
如下所示，使用
<supports-screens android:smallScreens="true"
android:normalScreens="true"
android:largeScreens="true"
android:xlargeScreens="true"
android:anyDensity="true"/>
下面是我在启动启动画面时调用的代码屏幕确定方法：
// Splash screen delay
public final void SplashScreenThread() {
// For tracking purposes record in logcat SplashScreenThread() method has been called
Log.i(TAG + "onCreate()", "SplashScreenThread(); HAS STARTED");
// Thread for the display of the SplashScreen
SightsandSoundsSplashThread = new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
int waited = 0;
while(active && (waited < SplashTime)) {
sleep(100);
if(active) {
waited += 100;
}
}
} catch(InterruptedException e) {
// do nothing
Log.e(TAG + "SplashScreenThread()", "SplashScreenThread() ERROR IS AS FOLLOWS: " + e.toString());
} finally {
// Call method finish to kill any
finish();
// Fetch the screen size in order to call correct layout wrt the next screen - firstly create and object of type DisplayMetrics
DisplayMetrics DeviceScreenSize = new DisplayMetrics();
// Secondly fetch the window manager using method chaining
getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getMetrics(DeviceScreenSize);
// Calculate the width of the screen in inches
double xDeviceScreenSize = Math.pow(DeviceScreenSize.widthPixels/DeviceScreenSize.xdpi,2);
// Record in logcat DeviceScreenSize.xdpi
Log.d(TAG,"DeviceScreenSize.widthPixels is: " + DeviceScreenSize.widthPixels + " and DeviceScreenSize.xdpi is: " + DeviceScreenSize.xdpi);
Log.d(TAG,"DeviceScreenSize.heightPixels is: " + DeviceScreenSize.heightPixels + " and DeviceScreenSize.ydpi is: " + DeviceScreenSize.ydpi);
// Calculate the height of the screen in inches
double yDeviceScreenSize = Math.pow(DeviceScreenSize.heightPixels/DeviceScreenSize.ydpi,2);
// Obtain screen size using pythagoras theorem
DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen = Math.sqrt(xDeviceScreenSize + yDeviceScreenSize);
// Record in logcat screen size in inches
Log.e(TAG,"DeviceScreenSize.widthPixels is: " + DeviceScreenSize.widthPixels + "\nDeviceScreenSize.heightPixels is: " + DeviceScreenSize.heightPixels + "\nScreen inches : " + DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen);
// Identify device screen size based on calculation of screen size
if (DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen < 2.9) {
Log.e(TAG,"< 2.9 inch range called");
Intent ScreenNotSupportedScreen = new Intent(SplashScreenFour.this, UnderDevltScn18inches.class);
startActivity(ScreenNotSupportedScreen);
Log.e(TAG,"DEVICE NOT ACCOMODATED - DEVICE DETERMINED TO BE LESS THAN 2.9 INCHES - ACTUAL DEVICE SIZE IS: " + DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen);
} else if ((DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen >= 2.9) && (DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen < 3.6)) {
Log.e(TAG,"2.9 to 3.6 inch range called");
Intent ScreenNotSupportedScreen = new Intent(SplashScreenFour.this, UnderDevltScn29inches.class);
startActivity(ScreenNotSupportedScreen);
Log.e(TAG,"DEVICE NOT ACCOMODATED - ACTUAL DEVICE SIZE IS: " + DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen);
} else if ((DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen >= 3.6) && (DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen < 3.8)) {
Log.e(TAG,"3.6 to 3.8 inch range called");
Intent ScreenNotSupportedScreen = new Intent(SplashScreenFour.this, UnderDevltScn29inches.class);
startActivity(ScreenNotSupportedScreen);
Log.e(TAG,"DEVICE NOT ACCOMODATED - ACTUAL DEVICE SIZE IS: " + DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen);
} else if ((DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen >= 3.8) && (DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen < 4.0)) {
Log.e(TAG,"3.8 to 4.0 inch range called");
Intent loginscreen = new Intent(SplashScreenFour.this, LogInScreen38inches.class);
startActivity(loginscreen);
} else if ((DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen >= 4.0) && (DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen < 4.28)) {
Log.e(TAG,"4.0 to 4.28 inch range called");
Intent loginscreen = new Intent(SplashScreenFour.this, LogInScreen4inches.class);
startActivity(loginscreen);
Log.e(TAG,"DEVICE NOT ACCOMODATED - ACTUAL DEVICE SIZE IS: " + DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen);
} else if ((DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen >= 4.28) && (DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen < 4.8)) {
Log.e(TAG,"4.28 to 4.3 inch range called");
Intent loginscreen = new Intent(SplashScreenFour.this, LogInScreen428inches.class);
startActivity(loginscreen);
Log.e(TAG,"DEVICE NOT ACCOMODATED - ACTUAL DEVICE SIZE IS: " + DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen);
} else if ((DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen >= 4.8) && (DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen < 4.9)) {
Log.e(TAG,"4.8 to 4.9 inch range called");
Intent loginscreen = new Intent(SplashScreenFour.this, LogInScreen465inches.class);
startActivity(loginscreen);
Log.e(TAG,"DEVICE NOT ACCOMODATED - ACTUAL DEVICE SIZE IS: " + DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen);
} else if ((DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen >= 4.9) && (DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen < 5.5)) {
Log.e(TAG,"4.9 to 5.5 inch range called");
Intent ScreenNotSupportedScreen = new Intent(SplashScreenFour.this, LogInScreen498inches.class);
startActivity(ScreenNotSupportedScreen);
Log.e(TAG,"DEVICE NOT ACCOMODATED - ACTUAL DEVICE SIZE IS: " + DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen);
} else if ((DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen >= 5.5) && (DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen < 5.9)) {
Log.e(TAG,"5.5 to 5.9 inch range called");
Intent loginscreen = new Intent(SplashScreenFour.this, LogInScreen57inches.class);
startActivity(loginscreen);
Log.e(TAG,"DEVICE NOT ACCOMODATED - ACTUAL DEVICE SIZE IS: " + DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen);
} else if ((DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen >= 5.9) && (DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen < 6.8)) {
Log.e(TAG,"5.9 to 6.9 inch range called");
Intent loginscreen = new Intent(SplashScreenFour.this, LogInScreen59inches.class);
startActivity(loginscreen);
Log.e(TAG,"DEVICE NOT ACCOMODATED - ACTUAL DEVICE SIZE IS: " + DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen);
} else if ((DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen >= 6.8) && (DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen < 7.0)) {
Log.e(TAG,"6.0 to 7.0 inch range called");
Intent ScreenNotSupportedScreen = new Intent(SplashScreenFour.this, LogInScreen699inches.class);
startActivity(ScreenNotSupportedScreen);
Log.e(TAG,"DEVICE NOT ACCOMODATED - ACTUAL DEVICE SIZE IS: " + DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen);
} else if ((DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen >= 7.0) && (DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen < 8.0)) {
Log.e(TAG,"7.0 to 8.0 inch range called");
Intent loginscreen = new Intent(SplashScreenFour.this, LogInScreen.class);
startActivity(loginscreen);
} else if ((DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen >= 8.0) && (DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen < 9.0)) {
Log.e(TAG,"8.0 to 9.0 inch range called");
Intent ScreenNotSupportedScreen = new Intent(SplashScreenFour.this, UnderDevltScnFinish.class);
startActivity(ScreenNotSupportedScreen);
Log.e(TAG,"DEVICE NOT ACCOMODATED - ACTUAL DEVICE SIZE IS: " + DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen);
} else if ((DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen >= 9.0) && (DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen <= 10.2)) {
Log.e(TAG,"> 9.0 to 10.2 inch range called");
Intent loginscreen = new Intent(SplashScreenFour.this, LogInScreen10inches.class);
startActivity(loginscreen);
Log.e(TAG,"DEVICE NOT ACCOMODATED - ACTUAL DEVICE SIZE IS: " + DeviceScreenSizeInInchesToDisplayLogInScreen);
}
}
}
};
SightsandSoundsSplashThread.start();
}
以下是我的清单，表明我的位置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="bge.applcs.dsa"
android:versionCode="7"
android:versionName="1.07">
<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="8"
android:maxSdkVersion="18"
android:targetSdkVersion="8"/>
<supports-screens android:smallScreens="true"
android:normalScreens="true"
android:largeScreens="true"
android:xlargeScreens="true"
android:anyDensity="true"/>
<application
android:icon="@drawable/iclauncher96"
android:label="@string/appname"
android:theme="@android:style/Theme.NoTitleBar.Fullscreen">
<uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
<!-- Splash screen -->
<activity
android:name="com.applcs.SplashScreenFour"
android:screenOrientation="landscape">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
以下是我创建的布局示例。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/llbgedsafinccalclayout7inches"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:background="@drawable/imgplainbackground"
android:orientation="horizontal">
<RelativeLayout
android:id="@+id/rlbgedsafinccalclayout7inches"
android:layout_width="925dp"
android:layout_height="300dp"
android:layout_marginTop="100dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="45dp"
android:background="@drawable/imgbgedsafinccalcmainbitbgnd2">
<!-- <TextView
android:id="@+id/tvcurrencysign"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="31dp"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="330dp"
android:paddingTop="4dp"
android:textSize="18sp"
android:textColor="#FFD700"
android:background="#07000000"/> -->
<EditText
android:id="@+id/ettotalvalue7inches"
android:singleLine="true"
android:layout_width="215dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="14dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="389dp"
android:maxLength="9"
android:layout_gravity="center_vertical|right"
android:background="#07000000"
android:textColor="#FFD700"
android:textSize="19sp"
android:ems="10"
android:inputType="numberDecimal|numberSigned"
android:digits="0123456789."
android:selectAllOnFocus="true"/>
<ImageButton
android:id="@+id/btngenerate7inches"
android:layout_width="276dp"
android:layout_height="54dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="45dp"
android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/ettotalvalue7inches"
android:background="@drawable/btngeneratebgnd"/>
<ImageButton
android:id="@+id/btntwoyears7inches"
android:layout_width="73dp"
android:layout_height="47dp"
android:layout_marginTop="56dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="5dp"
android:layout_below="@+id/ettotalvalue7inches"
android:background="@drawable/btntwoyears"/>
<ImageButton
android:id="@+id/btntthreeyears7inches"
android:layout_width="73dp"
android:layout_height="47dp"
android:layout_marginTop="56dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="2dp"
android:layout_below="@+id/ettotalvalue7inches"
android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/btntwoyears7inches"
android:background="@drawable/btnthreeyears"/>
<ImageButton
android:id="@+id/btnfouryears7inches"
android:layout_width="73dp"
android:layout_height="47dp"
android:layout_marginTop="56dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="1dp"
android:layout_below="@+id/ettotalvalue7inches"
android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/btntthreeyears7inches"
android:background="@drawable/btnfouryears"/>
<ImageButton
android:id="@+id/btnfiveyears7inches"
android:layout_width="74dp"
android:layout_height="47dp"
android:layout_marginTop="56dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="1dp"
android:layout_below="@+id/ettotalvalue7inches"
android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/btnfouryears7inches"
android:background="@drawable/btnfiveyears"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tvweeklypayment"
android:layout_width="122dp"
android:layout_height="25dp"
android:layout_marginTop="22dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="310dp"
android:layout_below="@+id/btntwoyears7inches"
android:paddingTop="6dp"
android:paddingLeft="0dp"
android:textSize="12sp"
android:textColor="#FFD700"
android:background="#07000000"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tvfirstpayment"
android:layout_width="122dp"
android:layout_height="25dp"
android:layout_marginTop="21dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="310dp"
android:layout_below="@+id/tvweeklypayment"
android:paddingTop="6dp"
android:paddingLeft="0dp"
android:textSize="12sp"
android:textColor="#FFD700"
android:background="#07000000"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tvmonthlypayment"
android:layout_width="122dp"
android:layout_height="25dp"
android:layout_marginTop="22dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="310dp"
android:layout_below="@+id/tvfirstpayment"
android:paddingTop="6dp"
android:paddingLeft="0dp"
android:textSize="12sp"
android:textColor="#FFD700"
android:background="#07000000"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tvtotalcostpayment"
android:layout_width="122dp"
android:layout_height="25dp"
android:layout_marginTop="22dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="351dp"
android:layout_below="@+id/btnfiveyears7inches"
android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/tvweeklypayment"
android:paddingTop="6dp"
android:paddingLeft="0dp"
android:textSize="12sp"
android:textColor="#FFD700"
android:background="#07000000"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tvtaxreliefpayment"
android:layout_width="122dp"
android:layout_height="25dp"
android:layout_marginTop="22dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="351dp"
android:layout_below="@+id/tvtotalcostpayment"
android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/tvfirstpayment"
android:paddingTop="6dp"
android:paddingLeft="0dp"
android:textSize="12sp"
android:textColor="#FFD700"
android:background="#07000000"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tvnetcostpayment"
android:layout_width="122dp"
android:layout_height="25dp"
android:layout_marginTop="21dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="351dp"
android:layout_below="@+id/tvtaxreliefpayment"
android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/tvmonthlypayment"
android:paddingTop="4dp"
android:paddingLeft="0dp"
android:textSize="12sp"
android:textColor="#FFD700"
android:background="#07000000"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tvnumbofmonthlypayments"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="19dp"
android:layout_below="@+id/tvtaxreliefpayment"
android:layout_marginLeft="15dp"
android:textSize="19sp"
android:text="24"
android:textColor="#FFD700"
android:background="#07000000"/>
</RelativeLayout>
<RelativeLayout
android:id="@+id/rlnotes7inches"
android:layout_width="925dp"
android:layout_height="300dp"
android:layout_marginTop="100dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="45dp"
android:background="@drawable/imgnotesbgnd">
</RelativeLayout>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tvinvalidentry7inches"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="30dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="370dp"
android:layout_below="@+id/rlbgedsafinccalclayout7inches"
android:textSize="25sp"
android:textColor="#FF0000"
android:background="#07000000"/>
<ImageButton
android:id="@+id/btninfo7inches"
android:layout_width="65dp"
android:layout_height="60dp"
android:layout_marginTop="82dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="12dp"
android:layout_below="@+id/rlbgedsafinccalclayout7inches"
android:background="@drawable/btninfobgnd"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tvdateandtime7inches"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="95dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="515dp"
android:layout_below="@+id/rlbgedsafinccalclayout7inches"
android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/btninfo7inches"
android:background="#07000000"
android:textColor="#FFFFFF"
android:textSize="25sp"
android:textStyle="bold" />
<DigitalClock
android:id="@+id/digitalclock7inches"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="95dp"
android:background="#07000000"
android:layout_below="@+id/rlbgedsafinccalclayout7inches"
android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/tvdateandtime7inches"
android:textColor="#FFFFFF"
android:textSize="25sp"
android:textStyle="bold"/>
</RelativeLayout>
感谢您的帮助。
答案 0 :(得分：0)
您是否阅读过Supporting Multiple Screens？有很多关于如何处理不同屏幕尺寸的信息。
通常，这只是创建多个布局的情况。具体数量取决于您希望布局在设备之间的差异。
这些布局放置在res/layout-*/文件夹中，例如res/layout-xhdpi/或res/layout-land/或res/layout-land-sw800dp/（有关支持内容的详细信息，请参阅文档）
Android系统会根据屏幕方向，像素密度和提供的尺寸自动选择合适的布局。
对于您提供的布局，您使用了许多宽度/高度/边距的绝对测量值，这与传统的桌面UI设计相同。但是，正如您所发现的那样，在移动设备上，这种方法无法扩展（不是意图！） - 每种其他类型的屏幕/方向都不适合这些测量。您必须改变处理UI设计的方式。
在您的情况下，您的布局似乎表示用户必须填写的表单，该表单需要在2 - 5年的期间内定期每周或每月付款。这些元素已在两个轴上布局，以最大限度地利用可用的屏幕区域，这导致了进一步的问题。
首先，您可以将布局分解为两个图块 - 左侧是“生成”和“4年”年份按钮，右侧是初始/每周/每月付款摘要。这些只能是水平方向模式下外部RelativeLayout内的两个LinearLayout容器。 （然后，您可以为纵向屏幕创建布局，唯一的区别是LinearLayout设置为垂直方向，从而使两个图块显示为单个垂直列。）
对于两个子布局中的每一个，请确保按钮和标签相对于其父级对齐。避免给出元素的绝对宽度或高度 - 尽可能WRAP_CONTENT或MATCH_PARENT。边距相同 - 边距最适合在相邻元素之间创建小间隙，并且很少用于在屏幕上定位项目。确保将DP尺寸用于文字大小。
这种相对定位和测量的使用将有助于保持所有UI元素对其显示的屏幕的响应。继续在几种不同的屏幕尺寸和方向上测试您的UI，以便掌握它们的外观。
这应该让你开始。这真的是一个理解Android的各种布局如何设计让你使用多个屏幕，以及如何绝对定位是魔鬼的情况！