Question

我有以下代码，它会为我的结果创建逗号分隔列表：

DECLARE @listStr VARCHAR(MAX)
SELECT @listStr = COALESCE(@listStr+', ' ,'') + INSTITUTIONNAME
FROM EDUCATION
WHERE STUDENTNUMBER= '111'
SELECT @listStr

问题是它创建了一个大量逗号分隔的行。我需要它每行返回一个逗号分隔的列表。

因此，如果Simon已成为2个机构的一部分，那么我希望：

"INSTITUTION1, INSTITUTION2"

由于我没有提供where子句，我希望我的结果会显示在数据库中的每一行。

Answer 1

使用FOR XML PATH('')和STUFF（），如下所示，它为您提供相同的逗号分隔结果

SELECT  STUFF((SELECT  ',' + INSTITUTIONNAME
            FROM EDUCATION EE
            WHERE  EE.STUDENTNUMBER=E.STUDENTNUMBER
            ORDER BY sortOrder
        FOR XML PATH('')), 1, 1, '') AS listStr

FROM EDUCATION E
GROUP BY E.STUDENTNUMBER

以下是FIDDLE

Answer 2

对于Sql Server 2017及更高版本，您可以使用新的STRING_AGG函数

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/string-agg-transact-sql

以下示例使用“N / A”替换空值并返回在单个结果单元格中用逗号分隔的名称。
SELECT STRING_AGG ( ISNULL(FirstName,'N/A'), ',') AS csv 
FROM Person.Person;
这是结果集。
John,N/A,Mike,Peter,N/A,N/A,Alice,Bob

也许更常见的用例是将您组合在一起然后进行汇总，就像使用SUM，COUNT或AVG一样。

SELECT a.articleId, title, STRING_AGG (tag, ',') AS tags 
FROM dbo.Article AS a       
LEFT JOIN dbo.ArticleTag AS t 
    ON a.ArticleId = t.ArticleId 
GROUP BY a.articleId, title;

Answer 3

这在sql server 2016中有效

USE AdventureWorks
GO
DECLARE @listStr VARCHAR(MAX)
SELECT @listStr = COALESCE(@listStr+',' ,'') + Name
FROM Production.Product
SELECT @listStr
GO

Answer 4

如果您对SQL Server <2017感到困惑，则可以使用GroupConcat。语法和性能远远优于FOR XML PATH解决方案。

安装：

-- https://codeplexarchive.blob.core.windows.net/archive/projects/groupconcat/groupconcat.zip
create assembly [GroupConcat] from 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with permission_set = safe;
create aggregate [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT]    (@VALUE [nvarchar](4000))                                                      returns[nvarchar](max) external name [GroupConcat].[GroupConcat.GROUP_CONCAT];
create aggregate [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_D]  (@VALUE [nvarchar](4000), @DELIMITER [nvarchar](4))                            returns[nvarchar](max) external name [GroupConcat].[GroupConcat.GROUP_CONCAT_D];
create aggregate [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_DS] (@VALUE [nvarchar](4000), @DELIMITER [nvarchar](4), @SORT_ORDER [tinyint])     returns[nvarchar](max) external name [GroupConcat].[GroupConcat.GROUP_CONCAT_DS];
create aggregate [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_S]  (@VALUE [nvarchar](4000), @SORT_ORDER [tinyint])                               returns[nvarchar](max) external name [GroupConcat].[GroupConcat.GROUP_CONCAT_S];

go

用法：

declare @liststr varchar(max)
select @liststr = dbo.group_concat_d(institutionname, ',')
from education
where studentnumber = '111'
group by studentnumber;
select @liststr

GroupConcat不支持排序。如果需要订购，可以使用PIVOT，CTE和Windows函数：

drop table if exists #students;
create table #students (
    name        varchar(20),
    institution varchar(20),
    year        int -- order by year
)
go

insert into #students(name, institution, year)
values
    ('Simon', 'INSTITUTION1', 2005),
    ('Simon', 'INSTITUTION2', 2008);

with cte as (
    select name,
           institution,
           rn = row_number() over (partition by name order by year)
    from #students
)
select name,
       [1] +
       isnull((',' + [2]), '') +
       isnull((',' + [3]), '') +
       isnull((',' + [4]), '') +
       isnull((',' + [5]), '') +
       isnull((',' + [6]), '') +
       isnull((',' + [7]), '') +
       isnull((',' + [8]), '') +
       isnull((',' + [9]), '') +
       isnull((',' + [10]), '') +
       isnull((',' + [11]), '') +
       isnull((',' + [12]), '') +
       isnull((',' + [13]), '') +
       isnull((',' + [14]), '') +
       isnull((',' + [15]), '') +
       isnull((',' + [16]), '') +
       isnull((',' + [17]), '') +
       isnull((',' + [18]), '') +
       isnull((',' + [19]), '') +
       isnull((',' + [20]), '')
from cte
    pivot (
    max(institution)
    for rn in ([1], [2], [3], [4],[5],[6],[7],[8],[9],[10],[11],[12],[13],[14],[15],[16],[17],[18],[19],[20])
    ) as piv

Answer 5

我刚刚看到另一个与此非常相似的问题！

这是规范的NORTHWIND（由于某些原因拼写略有不同）数据库示例。

 paths: {
          base: '/static/base',
          plotly: 'https://cdn.plot.ly/plotly-latest.min.js?noext', 
        },

SELECT *
FROM [NORTHWND].[dbo].[Products]

逗号分隔结果在SQL中

5 个答案: