我对Zend和一般的单元测试都很陌生。我想出了一个使用Zend Framework 2和Doctrine的小应用程序。它只有一个模型和控制器，我想对它们运行一些单元测试。
这是我到目前为止所拥有的：
基础学说“实体”类，包含我想在所有实体中使用的方法：
<?php
/**
* Base entity class containing some functionality that will be used by all
* entities
*/
namespace Perceptive\Database;
use Zend\Validator\ValidatorChain;
class Entity{
//An array of validators for various fields in this entity
protected $validators;
/**
* Returns the properties of this object as an array for ease of use. Will
* return only properties with the ORM\Column annotation as this way we know
* for sure that it is a column with data associated, and won't pick up any
* other properties.
* @return array
*/
public function toArray(){
//Create an annotation reader so we can read annotations
$reader = new \Doctrine\Common\Annotations\AnnotationReader();
//Create a reflection class and retrieve the properties
$reflClass = new \ReflectionClass($this);
$properties = $reflClass->getProperties();
//Create an array in which to store the data
$array = array();
//Loop through each property. Get the annotations for each property
//and add to the array to return, ONLY if it contains an ORM\Column
//annotation.
foreach($properties as $property){
$annotations = $reader->getPropertyAnnotations($property);
foreach($annotations as $annotation){
if($annotation instanceof \Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Column){
$array[$property->name] = $this->{$property->name};
}
}
}
//Finally, return the data array to the user
return $array;
}
/**
* Updates all of the values in this entity from an array. If any property
* does not exist a ReflectionException will be thrown.
* @param array $data
* @return \Perceptive\Database\Entity
*/
public function fromArray($data){
//Create an annotation reader so we can read annotations
$reader = new \Doctrine\Common\Annotations\AnnotationReader();
//Create a reflection class and retrieve the properties
$reflClass = new \ReflectionClass($this);
//Loop through each element in the supplied array
foreach($data as $key=>$value){
//Attempt to get at the property - if the property doesn't exist an
//exception will be thrown here.
$property = $reflClass->getProperty($key);
//Access the property's annotations
$annotations = $reader->getPropertyAnnotations($property);
//Loop through all annotations to see if this is actually a valid column
//to update.
$isColumn = false;
foreach($annotations as $annotation){
if($annotation instanceof \Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Column){
$isColumn = true;
}
}
//If it is a column then update it using it's setter function. Otherwise,
//throw an exception.
if($isColumn===true){
$func = 'set'.ucfirst($property->getName());
$this->$func($data[$property->getName()]);
}else{
throw new \Exception('You cannot update the value of a non-column using fromArray.');
}
}
//return this object to facilitate a 'fluent' interface.
return $this;
}
/**
* Validates a field against an array of validators. Returns true if the value is
* valid or an error string if not.
* @param string $fieldName The name of the field to validate. This is only used when constructing the error string
* @param mixed $value
* @param array $validators
* @return boolean|string
*/
protected function setField($fieldName, $value){
//Create a validator chain
$validatorChain = new ValidatorChain();
$validators = $this->getValidators();
//Try to retrieve the validators for this field
if(array_key_exists($fieldName, $this->validators)){
$validators = $this->validators[$fieldName];
}else{
$validators = array();
}
//Add all validators to the chain
foreach($validators as $validator){
$validatorChain->attach($validator);
}
//Check if the value is valid according to the validators. Return true if so,
//or an error string if not.
if($validatorChain->isValid($value)){
$this->{$fieldName} = $value;
return $this;
}else{
$err = 'The '.$fieldName.' field was not valid: '.implode(',',$validatorChain->getMessages());
throw new \Exception($err);
}
}
}
我的'config'实体，表示包含一些配置选项的单行表：
<?php
/**
* @todo: add a base entity class which handles validation via annotations
* and includes toArray function. Also needs to get/set using __get and __set
* magic methods. Potentially add a fromArray method?
*/
namespace Application\Entity;
use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping as ORM;
use Zend\Validator;
use Zend\I18n\Validator as I18nValidator;
use Perceptive\Database\Entity;
/**
* @ORM\Entity
* @ORM\HasLifecycleCallbacks
*/
class Config extends Entity{
/**
* @ORM\Id
* @ORM\Column(type="integer")
*/
protected $minLengthUserId;
/**
* @ORM\Id
* @ORM\Column(type="integer")
*/
protected $minLengthUserName;
/**
* @ORM\Id
* @ORM\Column(type="integer")
*/
protected $minLengthUserPassword;
/**
* @ORM\Id
* @ORM\Column(type="integer")
*/
protected $daysPasswordReuse;
/**
* @ORM\Id
* @ORM\Column(type="boolean")
*/
protected $passwordLettersAndNumbers;
/**
* @ORM\Id
* @ORM\Column(type="boolean")
*/
protected $passwordUpperLower;
/**
* @ORM\Id
* @ORM\Column(type="integer")
*/
protected $maxFailedLogins;
/**
* @ORM\Id
* @ORM\Column(type="integer")
*/
protected $passwordValidity;
/**
* @ORM\Id
* @ORM\Column(type="integer")
*/
protected $passwordExpiryDays;
/**
* @ORM\Id
* @ORM\Column(type="integer")
*/
protected $timeout;
// getters/setters
/**
* Get the minimum length of the user ID
* @return int
*/
public function getMinLengthUserId(){
return $this->minLengthUserId;
}
/**
* Set the minmum length of the user ID
* @param int $minLengthUserId
* @return \Application\Entity\Config This object
*/
public function setMinLengthUserId($minLengthUserId){
//Use the setField function, which checks whether the field is valid,
//to set the value.
return $this->setField('minLengthUserId', $minLengthUserId);
}
/**
* Get the minimum length of the user name
* @return int
*/
public function getminLengthUserName(){
return $this->minLengthUserName;
}
/**
* Set the minimum length of the user name
* @param int $minLengthUserName
* @return \Application\Entity\Config
*/
public function setMinLengthUserName($minLengthUserName){
//Use the setField function, which checks whether the field is valid,
//to set the value.
return $this->setField('minLengthUserName', $minLengthUserName);
}
/**
* Get the minimum length of the user password
* @return int
*/
public function getMinLengthUserPassword(){
return $this->minLengthUserPassword;
}
/**
* Set the minimum length of the user password
* @param int $minLengthUserPassword
* @return \Application\Entity\Config
*/
public function setMinLengthUserPassword($minLengthUserPassword){
//Use the setField function, which checks whether the field is valid,
//to set the value.
return $this->setField('minLengthUserPassword', $minLengthUserPassword);
}
/**
* Get the number of days before passwords can be reused
* @return int
*/
public function getDaysPasswordReuse(){
return $this->daysPasswordReuse;
}
/**
* Set the number of days before passwords can be reused
* @param int $daysPasswordReuse
* @return \Application\Entity\Config
*/
public function setDaysPasswordReuse($daysPasswordReuse){
//Use the setField function, which checks whether the field is valid,
//to set the value.
return $this->setField('daysPasswordReuse', $daysPasswordReuse);
}
/**
* Get whether the passwords must contain letters and numbers
* @return boolean
*/
public function getPasswordLettersAndNumbers(){
return $this->passwordLettersAndNumbers;
}
/**
* Set whether passwords must contain letters and numbers
* @param int $passwordLettersAndNumbers
* @return \Application\Entity\Config
*/
public function setPasswordLettersAndNumbers($passwordLettersAndNumbers){
//Use the setField function, which checks whether the field is valid,
//to set the value.
return $this->setField('passwordLettersAndNumbers', $passwordLettersAndNumbers);
}
/**
* Get whether password must contain upper and lower case characters
* @return type
*/
public function getPasswordUpperLower(){
return $this->passwordUpperLower;
}
/**
* Set whether password must contain upper and lower case characters
* @param type $passwordUpperLower
* @return \Application\Entity\Config
*/
public function setPasswordUpperLower($passwordUpperLower){
//Use the setField function, which checks whether the field is valid,
//to set the value.
return $this->setField('passwordUpperLower', $passwordUpperLower);
}
/**
* Get the number of failed logins before user is locked out
* @return int
*/
public function getMaxFailedLogins(){
return $this->maxFailedLogins;
}
/**
* Set the number of failed logins before user is locked out
* @param int $maxFailedLogins
* @return \Application\Entity\Config
*/
public function setMaxFailedLogins($maxFailedLogins){
//Use the setField function, which checks whether the field is valid,
//to set the value.
return $this->setField('maxFailedLogins', $maxFailedLogins);
}
/**
* Get the password validity period in days
* @return int
*/
public function getPasswordValidity(){
return $this->passwordValidity;
}
/**
* Set the password validity in days
* @param int $passwordValidity
* @return \Application\Entity\Config
*/
public function setPasswordValidity($passwordValidity){
//Use the setField function, which checks whether the field is valid,
//to set the value.
return $this->setField('passwordValidity', $passwordValidity);
}
/**
* Get the number of days prior to expiry that the user starts getting
* warning messages
* @return int
*/
public function getPasswordExpiryDays(){
return $this->passwordExpiryDays;
}
/**
* Get the number of days prior to expiry that the user starts getting
* warning messages
* @param int $passwordExpiryDays
* @return \Application\Entity\Config
*/
public function setPasswordExpiryDays($passwordExpiryDays){
//Use the setField function, which checks whether the field is valid,
//to set the value.
return $this->setField('passwordExpiryDays', $passwordExpiryDays);
}
/**
* Get the timeout period of the application
* @return int
*/
public function getTimeout(){
return $this->timeout;
}
/**
* Get the timeout period of the application
* @param int $timeout
* @return \Application\Entity\Config
*/
public function setTimeout($timeout){
//Use the setField function, which checks whether the field is valid,
//to set the value.
return $this->setField('timeout', $timeout);
}
/**
* Returns a list of validators for each column. These validators are checked
* in the class' setField method, which is inherited from the Perceptive\Database\Entity class
* @return array
*/
public function getValidators(){
//If the validators array hasn't been initialised, initialise it
if(!isset($this->validators)){
$validators = array(
'minLengthUserId' => array(
new I18nValidator\Int(),
new Validator\GreaterThan(1),
),
'minLengthUserName' => array(
new I18nValidator\Int(),
new Validator\GreaterThan(2),
),
'minLengthUserPassword' => array(
new I18nValidator\Int(),
new Validator\GreaterThan(3),
),
'daysPasswordReuse' => array(
new I18nValidator\Int(),
new Validator\GreaterThan(-1),
),
'passwordLettersAndNumbers' => array(
new I18nValidator\Int(),
new Validator\GreaterThan(-1),
new Validator\LessThan(2),
),
'passwordUpperLower' => array(
new I18nValidator\Int(),
new Validator\GreaterThan(-1),
new Validator\LessThan(2),
),
'maxFailedLogins' => array(
new I18nValidator\Int(),
new Validator\GreaterThan(0),
),
'passwordValidity' => array(
new I18nValidator\Int(),
new Validator\GreaterThan(1),
),
'passwordExpiryDays' => array(
new I18nValidator\Int(),
new Validator\GreaterThan(1),
),
'timeout' => array(
new I18nValidator\Int(),
new Validator\GreaterThan(0),
)
);
$this->validators = $validators;
}
//Return the list of validators
return $this->validators;
}
/**
* @todo: add a lifecyle event which validates before persisting the entity.
* This way there is no chance of invalid values being saved to the database.
* This should probably be implemented in the parent class so all entities know
* to validate.
*/
}
我的控制器，可以读取和写入实体：
<?php
/**
* A restful controller that retrieves and updates configuration information
*/
namespace Application\Controller;
use Zend\Mvc\Controller\AbstractRestfulController;
use Zend\View\Model\JsonModel;
class ConfigController extends AbstractRestfulController
{
/**
* The doctrine EntityManager for use with database operations
* @var \Doctrine\ORM\EntityManager
*/
protected $em;
/**
* Constructor function manages dependencies
* @param \Doctrine\ORM\EntityManager $em
*/
public function __construct(\Doctrine\ORM\EntityManager $em){
$this->em = $em;
}
/**
* Retrieves the configuration from the database
*/
public function getList(){
//locate the doctrine entity manager
$em = $this->em;
//there should only ever be one row in the configuration table, so I use findAll
$config = $em->getRepository("\Application\Entity\Config")->findAll();
//return a JsonModel to the user. I use my toArray function to convert the doctrine
//entity into an array - the JsonModel can't handle a doctrine entity itself.
return new JsonModel(array(
'data' => $config[0]->toArray(),
));
}
/**
* Updates the configuration
*/
public function replaceList($data){
//locate the doctrine entity manager
$em = $this->em;
//there should only ever be one row in the configuration table, so I use findAll
$config = $em->getRepository("\Application\Entity\Config")->findAll();
//use the entity's fromArray function to update the data
$config[0]->fromArray($data);
//save the entity to the database
$em->persist($config[0]);
$em->flush();
//return a JsonModel to the user. I use my toArray function to convert the doctrine
//entity into an array - the JsonModel can't handle a doctrine entity itself.
return new JsonModel(array(
'data' => $config[0]->toArray(),
));
}
}
由于字符限制，我无法粘贴到我的单元测试中，但到目前为止这里是我的单元测试的链接：
有些问题：
提前致谢！
答案 0 :(得分：12)
虽然您的代码看起来足够扎实，但它会带来一些设计疏忽。
首先，Doctrine建议将实体视为简单，愚蠢的价值对象，并声明它们所持有的数据始终被认为是有效的。
这意味着任何业务逻辑（如水合，过滤和验证）都应该在实体外部移动到单独的层。
说到保湿，而不是自己实施fromArray和toArray方法，您可以使用提供的DoctrineModule\Stdlib\Hydrator\DoctrineObject保湿剂，它也可以与Zend\InputFilter完美融合，处理过滤和验证。这将使实体测试更加冗长，并且可能不那么需要，因为您将单独测试过滤器。
来自Doctrine开发人员的另一个重要建议是不直接在控制器中注入ObjectManager。这是出于封装目的：需要将持久层的实现细节隐藏到Controller，并且再次仅暴露中间层。
在您的情况下，所有这一切都可以通过合同设计的ConfigService课程完成，该课程仅提供您真正需要的方法（即findAll()，persist()和其他方便的代理），并将隐藏控制器不严格需要的依赖项，如EntityManager，输入过滤器等。它也有助于更容易嘲笑。
这样，如果有一天您希望在持久层中进行一些更改，您只需要更改实体服务实现其合同的方式：考虑添加自定义缓存适配器，或使用Doctrine的ODM而不是ORM，甚至根本不使用Doctrine。
除此之外，您的单元测试方法看起来还不错。
TL; DR
答案 1 :(得分：0)
您的测试与我们的测试看起来非常相似，因此没有任何迹象表明您做错了。 ：）
我同意这种“闻起来”有点奇怪，但我对此没有答案。我们的标准是让我们所有的模型“哑”，我们不测试它们。这不是我推荐的，但因为在我不想猜测之前我没有遇到过你的情景。
你似乎正在进行相当详尽的测试，虽然我确实建议检查模拟框架：Phake（http://phake.digitalsandwich.com/docs/html/）这真的有助于从你的嘲弄中分离你的断言，以及提供比内置的phpunit模拟更加可消化的语法。
祝你好运！