在析构函数调用上访问违规读取位置0xfeeefe2

时间:2013-09-12 08:54:44

标签: c++ exception access-violation pimpl-idiom

这篇文章会有点大,所以提前抱歉。无论如何,我在调试模式(Visual Studio 2010)中运行程序时遇到异常,我无法理解为什么会发生这种情况:

Unhandled exception at 0x5524ad4a (msvcp100d.dll) in CppTest1.exe: 0xC0000005: Access violation reading location 0xfeeefef2.

我对C ++很陌生,我正在尝试实现类似pimpl的模式类结构,如下所示:

declaration.h

#include <vector>
class A
{
public:
  struct aStruct
  {
    std::string aString;
    std::vector<std::string> moreStrings;
  };
  A();
  ~A();
  void addSomething(aStruct thing);
private:
  class Implementation;
  Implementation* instance;
};

class B
{
public:  
  B();
  ~B();
  void doWork();
private:
  class Implementation;
  Implementation* instance;
};

class A::Implementation
{
public:
  Implementation();
  ~Implementation();
  void addSomething(aStruct thing);
private:
  std::vector<A::aStruct> bunchOfStructs;
};

class B::Implementation
{
public:
  Implementation();
  ~Implementation();
  void doWork();
private:
  A member;
};

的main.cpp

#include "declaration.h"
A::A() : instance(new Implementation) {}
A::~A() { delete instance; }
void A::addSomething(aStruct thing) { instance->addSomething(thing);}

A::Implementation::Implementation() {}
A::Implementation::~Implementation() {}
void A::Implementation::addSomething(aStruct thing) { bunchOfStructs.push_back(thing);}

B::B() : instance(new Implementation) {}
B::~B() {delete instance;}
B::Implementation::Implementation() { doWork();}
B::Implementation::~Implementation() {}
void B::Implementation::doWork()
{
  A a; 
  member = a;
}

int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) 
{
  B b;  
  return 0;
}

现在,当代码转义主块时,调用B的析构函数,然后删除实现,后者又调用它所持有的实例实例的析构函数,依此类推,直到向量中包含的向量束ofStructs的析构函数为止。调用A的实例。这就是它失败的地方。

调用堆栈如下所示:

msvcp100d.dll!std::_Container_base12::_Orphan_all()  Line 201 + 0x12 bytes  C++
CppTest1.exe!std::vector<A::aStruct,std::allocator<A::aStruct> >::_Tidy()  Line 1304 + 0xb bytes    C++
CppTest1.exe!std::vector<A::aStruct,std::allocator<A::aStruct> >::~vector<A::aStruct,std::allocator<A::aStruct> >()  Line 706   C++
CppTest1.exe!A::Implementation::~Implementation()  Line 8 + 0x2b bytes  C++
CppTest1.exe!A::Implementation::`scalar deleting destructor'()  + 0x2b bytes    C++
CppTest1.exe!A::~A()  Line 4 + 0x50 bytes   C++
CppTest1.exe!B::Implementation::~Implementation()  Line 14 + 0x2b bytes C++
CppTest1.exe!B::Implementation::`scalar deleting destructor'()  + 0x2b bytes    C++
CppTest1.exe!B::~B()  Line 12 + 0x50 bytes  C++
CppTest1.exe!main(int argc, char * * argv)  Line 24 + 0x12 bytes    C++

据我所知,0xfeeefeee是调试期间Visual Studio中使用的填充模式。并且异常消息表明我正在尝试访问已经删除的内容?但我不太明白为什么会这样。在我认为之前,有些东西正在被摧毁。如果不是作业member = a,则代码将运行。此外,如果我没有模式实现它,它似乎运行良好。 E.g:

thisworks.h

#include <vector>
class C
{
public:
  struct aStruct
  {
    std::string aString;
    std::vector<std::string> moreStrings;
  };
  C();
  ~C();
  void addSomething(aStruct thing);
private:
  std::vector<C::aStruct> bunchOfStructs;
};
class D
{
public:
  D();
  ~D();
  void doWork();
private:
  C member;
};

的main.cpp

#include "thisworks.h"
C::C() {}
C::~C() {}
void C::addSomething(aStruct thing) { bunchOfStructs.push_back(thing); }

D::D() { doWork(); }
D::~D() {}
void D::doWork()
{
  C c;
  member = c;
}
int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) 
{
  D d;
  return 0;
}

现在我意识到可能有更好的方法来做到这一点,但是因为我还在努力学习C ++而且我已经花了一些时间试图弄清楚为什么这是一个问题,我会真的喜欢理解这个问题。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

我认为您在执行instance时复制A中的member = a;指针。换句话说,成员和指向同一Implementation的点。当A被删除时,instance会被删除。成员仍然尝试访问实例。

答案 1 :(得分:2)

当您执行member = a;时,您正在执行对象的位到位副本,类型为A。此时member.instance等于a.instance,即它是指向创建A::A()时在a中分配的内存的指针。

B::Implementation::doWork()终止时,会调用a的析构函数,然后删除a.instance;此操作使member.instance成为悬空指针。