电源外壳。创建一个类文件来保存自定义对象?

时间:2013-09-09 19:05:42

标签: powershell powershell-v2.0

我使用Powershell的custom-object命令来保存数据点。自定义对象只创建一个对象并为其分配变量。 Powershell可以更进一步,创建可以制作对象的新类吗?

在下面的示例中,我存储了三个数据:服务器名称,时间戳以及自服务器上发生事件以来的分钟数。

当我学习Powershell时,我把所有这些都放到了一个二维数组中:

$record = @("Server","Timestamp","Minutes")
for ($j = 0; $j -lt 10; $j++){
    $record += @("Server1","$(get-date)",$j)
    sleep 60
    }
$record | export-csv -path c:\record.csv -no type information

export-csv与数组不兼容,所以我开始使用自定义对象:

$record = @()
for ($j = 0; $j -lt 10; $j++){
    $r = New-Object -TypeName PSObject
    $r | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Server -Value ""
    $r | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Timesteamp -Value ""
    $r | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Minutes -Value ""
    $r.server = "Server1"
    $r.timestamp = "$(get-date)"
    $r.minutes = "$j"
    $record += $r
    sleep 60
    }
$record | export-csv -path c:\record.csv -no type information

这是正确的导出,处理对象属性比处理二维数组中的列更容易。

但是如果我想创建几个不在数组中的自定义对象,我必须一遍又一遍地编写自定义对象代码。

$server1 = New-Object -TypeName PSObject
$server1 | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Server -Value ""
$server1 | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Timesteamp -Value ""
$server2 = New-Object -TypeName PSObject
$server2 | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Server -Value ""
$server2 | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Timesteamp -Value ""
#ad nauseum

如果除自定义对象之外,Powershell还可以设计自定义,该怎么办?像OO编程语言一样吗?类似的东西:

class record {
    -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Server -Value ""
    -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Timestamp -Value ""
    -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Minutes -Value ""
    }
$server1 = new-object -TypeName record
$server2 = new-object -TypeName record
$server3 = new-object -TypeName record

在Powershell中可以吗?

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:37)

您可以在PowerShell中定义类。

Add-Type -Language CSharp @"
public class Record{
    public System.DateTime TimeStamp;
    public string Server;
    public int Minutes;
}
"@;
$MyRecord = new-object Record;
$MyRecord.Server = "myserver";
$MyRecord.Timestamp = Get-Date;
$MyRecord.Minutes = 15;

答案 1 :(得分:19)

可以使用函数作为自定义对象的虚构造函数。您不必复制代码,也可以使用标志从函数调用中设置属性。这是一个例子:

Function New-Constructor
{
    param
    (
        [string]$Name,
        [DateTime]$TimeStamp = (Get-Date)
    )

    $server = New-Object -TypeName PSObject
    $server | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Server -Value $Name
    $server | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name TimeStamp -Value $TimeStamp

    # Calling "server" below outputs it, acting as a "return" value
    $server
}

一些示例输出:

PS C:\> New-Constructor -Name "MyServer"

Server                                                      TimeStamp
------                                                      ---------
MyServer                                                    9/9/2013 3:27:47 PM


PS C:\> $myServer = New-Constructor -Name "MyServer"
PS C:\> $myServer

Server                                                      TimeStamp
------                                                      ---------
MyServer                                                    9/9/2013 3:27:57 PM


PS C:\> $newServer = New-Constructor -Name "NS" -TimeStamp (Get-Date).AddDays(-1)
PS C:\> $newServer

Server                                                      TimeStamp
------                                                      ---------
NS                                                          9/8/2013 3:33:00 PM

你可以使用超出此问题范围的功能来完成大量的工作。相反,请查看about_functions_advanced

答案 2 :(得分:1)

另一种选择。

属性

您可以将属性消息的'$ null'值替换为初始值。 Prop对象是键(属性)和值(初始值)的哈希表。

$messageClass = New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Prop @{ message = $null; }

方法

$messageClass | Add-Member -MemberType ScriptMethod -Name "ShowMessage" -Value {

    Try
    {
        Write-Host $this.message    
    }
    Catch
    {
        Throw $_.Exception
    }
}

构造

下面的代码描述了一个构造函数。多态性是使用[Parameter(Mandatory = $ false)]来断言或不断言指定参数的提供。

function MessageClass {
    param([Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
          [String]$mandatoryMessage,
          [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)]
          [String]$optionalMessage)

    $messageObj = $messageClass.psobject.copy()

    if ($optionalMessage)
    {
        $messageObj.message = "$mandatoryMessage $optionalMessage!"
    }
    else
    {
        $messageObj.message = "$mandatoryMessage!"
    }

    $messageObj
}

然后可以像这样调用构造函数:

$var1 = 'Hello'
$var2 = 'World'
$example1 = MessageClass -mandatoryMessage $var1
$example2 = MessageClass -mandatoryMessage $var1 -optionalMessage $var2

显示文字:

$example1.ShowMessage()
$example2.ShowMessage()

结果将是:

您好!

Hello World!

答案 3 :(得分:0)

为了获得最佳性能,我会这样做:

Add-Type -TypeDefinition '
public class recordEntry {
    public string server;
    public System.DateTime timestamp;
    public int minutes;

    public recordEntry(string _server, System.DateTime _timestamp, int _minutes) {
        server = _server;
        timestamp = _timestamp;
        minutes = _minutes;
    }
}'

$record = [System.Collections.ArrayList]@()
$record = foreach ($j in 0..10){
    [recordEntry]::new("Server1", [datetime]::Now, $j)
}
$record | export-csv -path c:\record.csv -NoTypeInformation