我有一个类通道,它有两个属性,方向和大小,在构造过程中是固定的。方向只能采用前向(1)或后向(-1)这两个值中的一个。大小可以取任何值,但0和任何非零值之间存在物理上有意义的区别。
我希望能够编写接受具有已知方向和/或大小值的Channel对象的函数,并且我想使用派生类来实现它:
Channel
|
-----------------------------------------------
| | | |
ForwardChannel BackwardChannel ZeroChannel NonzeroChannel
| | | |
| ---------------- ...
| | |
| BackwardZeroChannel |
| |
---------------------------------
|
ForwardZeroChannel
显然我没有画出所有的排列。
我尝试实现它
class Channel {
Channel(int direction, int size) { ... };
...
}
class ForwardChannel: public virtual Channel {
ForwardChannel(int size) : Channel(1, size) { ... }
...
}
class ZeroChannel: public virtual Channel {
ZeroChannel(int direction) : Channel(direction, 0) { ... }
...
}
class ForwardZeroChannel: public ForwardChannel, ZeroChannel {
ForwardZeroChannel() : ForwardChannel(0), ZeroChannel(1)
...
}
实例化ForwardChannel和ZeroChannel工作正常。实例化ForwardZeroChannel仅调用Channel的默认构造函数,该构造函数不设置值。我必须将Channel(1,0)添加到初始化列表:
class ForwardZeroChannel: public ForwardChannel, ZeroChannel {
ForwardZeroChannel() : Channel(0, 1), ForwardChannel(0), ZeroChannel(1)
...
}
但这似乎打败了从ForwardChannel和ZeroChannel派生的一些目的。有没有更好的方法呢?
答案 0 :(得分:1)
class ForwardZeroChannel: public ForwardChannel, ZeroChannel {
ForwardZeroChannel() : Channel(0, 1), ForwardChannel(0), ZeroChannel(1)
...
}
根据“Herb Shutter”,派生类对象的责任是通过调用构造函数来初始化父类子对象(在虚拟派生的情况下),否则编译器将通过调用父子对象的构造函数。 / p>
答案 1 :(得分:1)
怎么样(以下需要c ++ 11,但它可以移植到c ++ 99('模板使用'除外)):
class Channel {
public:
virtual ~Channel();
protected:
Channel(int direction, int size);
};
template<bool forward, bool zero>
class ChannelT : public Channel {
public:
template <bool b = zero, typename T = typename std::enable_if<b>::type>
ChannelT() : Channel(forward ? 1 : 0, 0) {}
template <bool b = zero, typename T = typename std::enable_if<!b>::type>
explicit ChannelT(int size) : Channel(forward ? 1 : 0, size) { assert(size != 0); }
};
template <bool zero> using ForwardChannel = ChannelT<true, zero>;
using ForwardZeroChannel = ChannelT<true, true>;
using ForwardNonZeroChannel = ChannelT<true, false>;
// And so on for the 5 other types...
int main() {
ForwardZeroChannel forwardZeroChannel;
ForwardNonZeroChannel forwardNonZeroChannel(42);
return 0;
}
答案 2 :(得分:1)
另一个选项是使Channel
接口具有纯虚拟大小和方向函数以及默认构造函数。然后ForwardChannel
或ZeroChannel
派生自Channel并实现特定功能。
struct Channel
{
virtual int direction() const = 0;
virtual int size() const = 0;
virtual ~Channel() {}
};
struct ForwardChannel: virtual public Channel
{
virtual int direction() const override { return 1; }
};
struct ZeroChannel: virtual public Channel
{
virtual int size() const override { return 0; }
};
struct ForwardZeroChannel: public ForwardChannel, public ZeroChannel
{
};
int main()
{
ForwardZeroChannel z;
return z.size() + z.direction();
}