Question

简洁版：

我正在寻找以下Java技术的C ++ OCI改编，其中代码能够将数组数组（数组大小可以变化）绑定到非PL / SQL SELECT语句中然后在WHERE ID IN (...)样式检查中使用结果数组。

http://rafudb.blogspot.com/2011/10/variable-inlist.html

原始问题：

我们有一个C ++应用程序通过OCI与Oracle通信。我们正在尝试修复通过连接文本生成SQL查询的旧代码;相反，我们希望尽可能多地使用绑定变量。我们提出了一个特殊的案例，即我们没有很好的解决方案。

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE ID IN (1, 4, 10, 30, 93)

(1, 4, 10, 30, 93)部分来自vector<int>或其他一些灵活大小的数据容器。如果我们知道它总是五个值，我们可以这样做：

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE ID IN (:1, :2, :3, :4, :5)

但它可能是一个条目，或十个，甚至可能是零。显然，如果我们将查询构建为字符串，我们可以根据需要添加尽可能多的数字，但目标是尽可能避免这种情况并坚持只绑定变量。

有没有一个很好的方法来实现这一目标？例如，在OCI中，我可以绑定一个数组，然后从中进行子选择吗？

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE ID IN (SELECT * FROM :1)

:1是哪一个OCI数组？（可能语法不同。）有没有人有这方面的经验？示例代码将是天赐之物，因为我倾向于编写原始OCI。谢谢:)）

编辑：我想做的比在PL / SQL过程解析的字符串中绑定更好，如果可能的话。我相信在很多情况下我们会吹掉4000个字符的限制，而且我觉得这只是交易一种我熟悉的字符串操作，另一种我喜欢的。我没有（我不能轻易调试）。如果可能的话，我想将一组值（或某种形式的数据集）绑定到一个标准SQL语句中。

编辑2：一些调查发现以下链接似乎正在做我想要的，但在Java中：http://rafudb.blogspot.com/2011/10/variable-inlist.html有谁知道如何使这种方法适应C ++ OCI ？

Answer 1

此示例演示了使用集合类型的方法，在数据库中定义以传递参数列表 SYS.ODCINumberList是适用于所有用户的标准集合类型。在示例中使用的查询只选择前100个整数（test），然后使用IN(...)子句中的列表过滤此整数。

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <occi.h>

using namespace oracle::occi;
using namespace std;

// Vector type to pass as parameter list
typedef vector<Number> ValueList;

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
  Environment *env;
  Connection *con;

  // Note that Environment must be initialized in OBJECT mode 
  // to use collection mapping features.
  env = Environment::createEnvironment(Environment::OBJECT);

  con = env->createConnection ("test_user", "test_password", "ORACLE_TNS_NAME");

  try {

    Statement *stmt = con->createStatement(
                 "select * from "
                 " (select level as col from dual connect by level <= 100)"
                 "where "
                 "  col in (select column_value from table(:key_list))"
               );

    cout << endl << endl << "Executing the block :" << endl 
         << stmt->getSQL() << endl << endl;

    // Create instance of vector trype defined above 
    // and populate it with numbers.
    ValueList value_list;
    value_list.push_back(Number(10));
    value_list.push_back(Number(20));
    value_list.push_back(Number(30));
    value_list.push_back(Number(40));

    // Bind vector to parameter #1 in query and treat it as SYS.ODCINumberList type. 
    setVector(stmt, 1, value_list, "SYS", "ODCINUMBERLIST");

    ResultSet *rs = stmt->executeQuery();

    while(rs->next())
      std::cout << "value: " << rs->getInt(1) << std::endl;

    stmt->closeResultSet(rs); 
    con->terminateStatement (stmt);

  } catch(SQLException ex) {
    cout << ex.what();
  }


  env->terminateConnection (con);
  Environment::terminateEnvironment (env);

    return 0;
}

您可以使用various ODCIxxxList types通过OCI将数字，日期或字符串列表传递给Oracle，甚至可以在数据库中定义您自己的类型。

使用Visual Studio 10 Express和this version of OCI libraries编译的示例。针对Oracle 11.2.0.3.0进行了测试。

<强>更新

以下是使用普通C OCIxxx函数执行相同操作的示例应用程序。

//
// OCI collection parameters binding - example application
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <oci.h>
#include <oro.h>

using namespace std;

// connection parameters
const char *db_alias         = "ORACLE_DB_ALIAS";
const char *db_user_name     = "test_user";
const char *db_user_password = "test_password";

// helper error checking procedure to shorten main code, returns true if critical error detected
// and prints out error information
bool check_oci_error(char *error_point, OCIError *errhp, sword status, OCIEnv *envhp);

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) {

  //----- CONNECTION INITIALIZATION PART ------------------------------------------------------

  sword rc;
  OCIEnv *myenvhp;       /* the environment handle */
  OCIServer *mysrvhp;    /* the server handle */
  OCIError *myerrhp;     /* the error handle */
  OCISession *myusrhp;   /* user session handle */
  OCISvcCtx *mysvchp;    /* the  service handle */

  /* initialize the mode to be the threaded and object environment */
  /* NOTE: OCI_OBJECT must be present to work with object/collection types */
  rc = OCIEnvCreate(&myenvhp, OCI_THREADED|OCI_OBJECT, (dvoid *)0, 0, 0, 0, (size_t) 0, (dvoid **)0);

  if( check_oci_error("OCIEnvCreate", NULL, rc, NULL) ) {
    return -1; 
  }

  /* allocate a server handle */
  rc = OCIHandleAlloc ((dvoid *)myenvhp, (dvoid **)&mysrvhp, OCI_HTYPE_SERVER, 0, (dvoid **) 0);
  if( check_oci_error("OCIHandleAlloc(OCI_HTYPE_SERVER)", NULL, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  /* allocate an error handle */
  rc = OCIHandleAlloc ((dvoid *)myenvhp, (dvoid **)&myerrhp, OCI_HTYPE_ERROR, 0, (dvoid **) 0);
  if( check_oci_error("OCIHandleAlloc(OCI_HTYPE_ERROR)", NULL, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  /* create a server context */
  rc = OCIServerAttach(mysrvhp, myerrhp, (text *)db_alias, strlen (db_alias), OCI_DEFAULT);
  if( check_oci_error("OCIServerAttach()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  /* allocate a service handle */
  rc = OCIHandleAlloc ((dvoid *)myenvhp, (dvoid **)&mysvchp, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, 0, (dvoid **) 0);
  if( check_oci_error("OCIHandleAlloc(OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX)", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  /* set the server attribute in the service context handle*/
  rc = OCIAttrSet((dvoid *)mysvchp, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, (dvoid *)mysrvhp, (ub4) 0, OCI_ATTR_SERVER, myerrhp);
  if( check_oci_error("OCIAttrSet(OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX,OCI_ATTR_SERVER)", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  /* allocate a user session handle */
  rc = OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)myenvhp, (dvoid **)&myusrhp,  OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, 0, (dvoid **) 0);
  if( check_oci_error("OCIHandleAlloc(OCI_HTYPE_SESSION)", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  /* set user name attribute in user session handle */
  rc = OCIAttrSet((dvoid *)myusrhp, OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, (dvoid *)db_user_name, strlen(db_user_name), OCI_ATTR_USERNAME, myerrhp);
  if( check_oci_error("OCIAttrSet(OCI_HTYPE_SESSION,OCI_ATTR_USERNAME)", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  /* set password attribute in user session handle */
  rc = OCIAttrSet((dvoid *)myusrhp, OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, (dvoid *)db_user_password, strlen(db_user_password), OCI_ATTR_PASSWORD, myerrhp);
  if( check_oci_error("OCIAttrSet(OCI_HTYPE_SESSION,OCI_ATTR_PASSWORD)", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  rc = OCISessionBegin(mysvchp, myerrhp, myusrhp, OCI_CRED_RDBMS, OCI_DEFAULT);
  if( check_oci_error("OCISessionBegin()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  /* set the user session attribute in the service context handle*/
  rc = OCIAttrSet( (dvoid *)mysvchp, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, (dvoid *)myusrhp, (ub4) 0, OCI_ATTR_SESSION, myerrhp);
  if( check_oci_error("OCIAttrSet(OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX,OCI_ATTR_SESSION)", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  cout << endl << "Initialization done." << endl;

  //----- REGISTER TYPE INFORMATION ------------------------------------------------------

  // This section can be invoked once per session to minimize server roundtrips.

  char    *type_owner_name = "SYS";               
  char    *type_name       = "ODCINUMBERLIST";
  OCIType *type_tdo        = NULL;

  rc= OCITypeByName(
        myenvhp, myerrhp, mysvchp, 
        (CONST text *)type_owner_name, strlen(type_owner_name),
        (CONST text *) type_name, strlen(type_name),
        NULL, 0,
        OCI_DURATION_SESSION, OCI_TYPEGET_HEADER, 
        &type_tdo
      );
  if( check_oci_error("OCITypeByName()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  //----- PREPARE PARAMETER INSTANCE ---------------------------------------------

  OCIArray *array_param = NULL;

  rc = OCIObjectNew(
         myenvhp, myerrhp, mysvchp, 
         OCI_TYPECODE_VARRAY, 
         type_tdo, NULL, OCI_DURATION_SESSION, TRUE,
         (void**) &array_param
       );
  if( check_oci_error("OCITypeByName()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  //----- FILL PARAMETER ---------------------------------------------------------

  OCINumber num_val;
  int       int_val;

  for(int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
    int_val = i*10;

    rc = OCINumberFromInt(myerrhp, &int_val, sizeof(int_val), OCI_NUMBER_SIGNED, &num_val);
    if( check_oci_error("OCINumberFromInt()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

    rc = OCICollAppend(myenvhp, myerrhp, &num_val, NULL, array_param);
    if( check_oci_error("OCICollAppend()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;
  }


  //----- BIND PARAMETER VALUE AND EXECUTE STATEMENT ------------------------------

  OCIStmt   *mystmthp   = NULL;
  OCIDefine *col1defp   = NULL;
  double    col1value;  
  OCIBind   *bndp       = NULL;

  char      *query_text = "select * from "
                          " (select level as col from dual connect by level < 100)"
                          "where "
                          "  col in (select column_value from table(:key_list))";

  rc = OCIHandleAlloc(myenvhp, (void **)&mystmthp, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, 0, NULL); 
  if( check_oci_error("OCIHandleAlloc(OCI_HTYPE_STMT)", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  rc = OCIStmtPrepare( 
         mystmthp, myerrhp, 
         (const OraText *)query_text, strlen(query_text), 
         OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, OCI_DEFAULT
       );
  if( check_oci_error("OCIStmtPrepare()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  // result column
  rc =  OCIDefineByPos(mystmthp, &col1defp, myerrhp, 1, &col1value, sizeof(col1value), SQLT_BDOUBLE, NULL, NULL, NULL, OCI_DEFAULT);
  if( check_oci_error("OCIDefineByPos()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  // parameter collection
  rc = OCIBindByName(
         mystmthp, &bndp, myerrhp,
         (text *)":key_list", strlen(":key_list"), 
         NULL, 0,
         SQLT_NTY, NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0,
         OCI_DEFAULT
       );
  if( check_oci_error("OCIBindByName()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  rc = OCIBindObject(
         bndp, myerrhp, 
         type_tdo, (dvoid **) &array_param, 
         NULL, NULL, NULL
       );
  if( check_oci_error("OCIBindByName()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  // execute and fetch
  rc = OCIStmtExecute(mysvchp, mystmthp, myerrhp, 0, 0, NULL, NULL, OCI_DEFAULT);
  if( check_oci_error("OCIBindByName()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  rc = OCIStmtFetch2(mystmthp, myerrhp, 1, OCI_FETCH_NEXT, 0, OCI_DEFAULT);

  while(rc != OCI_NO_DATA) {
    if( check_oci_error("OCIStmtFetch2()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;
    cout << "value: " << col1value << endl;
    rc = OCIStmtFetch2(mystmthp, myerrhp, 1, OCI_FETCH_NEXT, 0, OCI_DEFAULT);
  }

  // free collection object parameter
  rc = OCIObjectFree(myenvhp, myerrhp, array_param, OCI_OBJECTFREE_FORCE);
  if( check_oci_error("OCIObjectFree()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  cout << endl << "Main test done." << endl;

  //------- FINALIZATION -----------------------------------------------------------
  rc= OCISessionEnd(mysvchp, myerrhp, myusrhp, OCI_DEFAULT);
  if( check_oci_error("OCISessionEnd()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  rc = OCIServerDetach(mysrvhp, myerrhp, OCI_DEFAULT);
  if( check_oci_error("OCIServerDetach()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  OCIHandleFree(myenvhp, OCI_HTYPE_ENV);

  cout << endl << "Finalization done." << endl;

  return 0;
}

// helper error checking procedure to shorten main code, returns true if critical error detected
// and prints out error information
bool check_oci_error(char *error_point, OCIError *errhp, sword status, OCIEnv *envhp) { 

  text errbuf[1024];
  sb4  errcode;
  bool ret_code = true;

  switch (status) { 
    case OCI_SUCCESS:
        ret_code = false;
      break;
    case OCI_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO:
        OCIErrorGet ((dvoid *) errhp, (ub4) 1, (text *) NULL, &errcode, errbuf, (ub4) sizeof(errbuf), (ub4) OCI_HTYPE_ERROR);
        cout << error_point << " Error: OCI_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO; Info: " << errbuf << endl;
        ret_code = (errcode == 436 || errcode == 437 || errcode == 438 || errcode == 439);
      break;
    case OCI_NEED_DATA:
        cout << error_point << " Error: OCI_NEED_DATA"<< endl;
      break;
    case OCI_NO_DATA:
        cout << error_point << " Error: OCI_NO_DATA"<< endl;
      break;
    case OCI_ERROR:
        OCIErrorGet ((dvoid *) errhp, (ub4) 1, (text *) NULL, &errcode, errbuf, (ub4) sizeof(errbuf), (ub4) OCI_HTYPE_ERROR);
        cout << error_point << " Error: " << errbuf << endl;
      break;
    case OCI_INVALID_HANDLE:
        cout << error_point << " Error: OCI_INVALID_HANDLE" << endl;
      break;
    case OCI_STILL_EXECUTING:
        cout << error_point << " Error: OCI_STILL_EXECUTE"<< endl;
      break;
    case OCI_CONTINUE:
        cout << error_point << " Error: OCI_CONTINUE" << endl;
      break;
    default:
        cout << error_point << " Error: UNKNOWN(" << status << ")" << endl;
      break;
  }

  if( ret_code && (envhp != NULL) ) OCIHandleFree(envhp, OCI_HTYPE_ENV);

  return ret_code;

}

P.S。您可以从Oracle文档和this example code获取信息。

Answer 2

这当然是可行的，不需要使用PL / SQL。假设您按照建议传递数字，首先需要在数据库中创建an object：

create or replace type t_num_array as table of number;

然后，您可以使用表格查询您的表格，如下所示：

select *
  from my_table
 where id in (select * from table(t_num_array(1,2,3)) )

你仍然有同样的问题;如何将未知数量的变量绑定到语句？但是你现在有了一个可绑定的结构来放置它们。

Ivan肯定是正确的，文档有点令人困惑，我对C ++的了解很可怕，所以我很抱歉，但我缺少示例代码。虽然有一些东西值得一读。关于Object Relational Datatypes的OCI程序员指南的第12章。了解Object Type Translator Utility可能有用，其中：

用于将数据库对象类型，LOB类型和命名集合类型映射到C ++类声明

my_table类中的示例8-12（many_types的声明）意味着您可以将其声明为vector<int>。

Answer 3

不要动态构建要在IN子句中使用的SQL语句，而是尝试使用全局临时表在IN子句中插入所需的值。为此，您需要确保将表声明为“on commit preserve rows”并在进入代码块时截断表。

start database transaction;

truncate temporary_table;

for each value in array
    insert into temporary_table;
end for each

open cursor 'select * from mytable where id in (select id from temporary_table)';

end database transaction;

Oracle OCI，绑定变量和ID IN（1,2,3）之类的查询

3 个答案: