JavaScript - 替换html字符串中的特定单词索引

时间:2013-09-03 10:57:57

标签: javascript html string replace

我在JS字符串操作中有一项具有挑战性的任务: 有一个HTML字符串,我需要在其中替换特定单词索引处的单词。单词index是忽略HTML标签时单词的编号。

例如,这是HTML字符串:

<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">At times like this I don't know what to
do. Other times I have no problem.</span>

任务是用文字<span style="color:red;">times</span>

替换html中的单词2(单词时间)

所以最终的HTML字符串应为:

<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">At <span style="color:red;">times</span> 
like this I don't know what to do. Other times I have no problem.</span>

对这一挑战的任何想法?

5 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

我首先通过标记过滤后的HTML来找到该单词,然后进行替换。

让我们从你的字符串开始:

var html = '<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">At times like this don\'t know what to do. Other times I have no problem.</span>';

案例1,您要替换所有出现次数:

var tokens = html.replace(/<[^>]*>/g,'').split(/\W+/).filter(Boolean);
var newHTML = html.replace(new RegExp('\\b'+tokens[1]+'\\b', 'g'), function(s){
     return '<span style="color:red;">'+s+'</span>'
});

Demonstration

案例2,您只想替换指定索引处的单词(这个单词非常棘手):

var tokens = html.replace(/<[^>]*>/g,'').split(/\W+/).filter(Boolean);
var wordToReplaceIndex = 1, wordToReplace = tokens[wordToReplaceIndex];
var occIndex = 0;
for (var i=0; i<wordToReplaceIndex; i++) {
   if (tokens[i]===wordToReplace) occIndex++;
}
i=0;
var newHTML = html.replace(new RegExp('\\b'+wordToReplace+'\\b', 'g'), function(s){
    return (i++===occIndex) ? '<span style="color:red;">'+s+'</span>' : s
});

Demonstration

案例2的替代解决方案:

var i=0, wordToReplaceIndex = 1;
var newHTML = html.replace(/>([^<]+)</, function(txt) {
  return txt.replace(/\w+/g, function(s) {
    return i++==wordToReplaceIndex ? '<span style="color:red;">'+s+'</span>' : s;
  })
});

你能发现为什么第二个很棘手吗? ;)

答案 1 :(得分:1)

我认为一个合适的解决方案是拆分和替换然后加入。这是一个例子:

<div id="replace-me">Hello, world</div>

replaceWordAtIndex = function (text, index, replacement) { 
    text = text.split(' ');
    text[index] = replacement;
    text = text.join(' ');
    return text;
}

wrapWordAtIndex = function (text, index, before, after) { 
    text = text.split(' ');
    text[index] = before + text[index] + after;
    text = text.join(' ');
    return text;
}

var obj = document.getElementById('replace-me');
obj.innerText = replaceWordAtIndex(obj.innerText, 1, 'Universe');
obj.innerHTML = wrapWordAtIndex(obj.innerText, 1, '<b>', '</b>');

应该导致:

<div id="replace-me">Hello, <b>Universe</b></div>

这是一个JSFiddle for you,可以看到它的实际效果

答案 2 :(得分:1)

function smartReplace(str,index,strReplace){

    var wStart=0,wEnd=0;
    var startInd=str.indexOf(">")+1;    
    var wc=0;
    for(i=startInd;i<str.length;i++)
    {
        if (str.charAt(i) == ' ')
        {
            wc=wc+1;
            if (wc==index) 
            {   
                wEnd=i-1;
                break;
            }
            wStart=i+1;
        }
    }

    var newString = str.substring(0,wStart) + strReplace + str.substring((wEnd +1),(str.length-1));
    document.write(newString);
}

<强>&GT;调用smartReplace(),如下所示

var str1="<span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;\">At times like this I don't know what to do. Other times I have no problem.</span>)";
smartReplace(str1,3,"<span style=\"color:red;\">times</span>");

答案 3 :(得分:0)

var html = '<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">At times like this don\'t know what to do. Other times I have no problem.</span>';
var tokens = html.replace("Times","<span style="color:red;">times</span>");

答案 4 :(得分:0)

我一直在使用这个jQuery插件来替换/编辑DOM的任何部分中的文本。非常有用且易于使用,具有完整的REGEX支持

http://benalman.com/projects/jquery-replacetext-plugin/