给定一个系统(例如网站),允许用户自定义某些部分的背景颜色而不是字体颜色(以保持选项数量最少),有没有办法以编程方式确定“光” “或”暗“字体颜色是必要的吗?
我确定有一些算法,但我对颜色,光度等知之甚少,无法自己解决。
答案 0 :(得分:412)
经过长时间的测试并试图解决这个问题,我发现最好的解决方案是选择白色字体为“深色”,黑色字体为“亮”色。
以下是我在C#中使用的函数示例:
Color ContrastColor(Color color)
{
int d = 0;
// Counting the perceptive luminance - human eye favors green color...
double luminance = ( 0.299 * color.R + 0.587 * color.G + 0.114 * color.B)/255;
if (luminance > 0.5)
d = 0; // bright colors - black font
else
d = 255; // dark colors - white font
return Color.FromArgb(d, d, d);
}
对于许多不同的颜色(彩虹,灰度,热,冰等)进行了测试,这是我发现的唯一“通用”方法。
修改强>
将计数a
更改为“感知亮度” - 它看起来确实更好!已经在我的软件中实现它,看起来很棒。
编辑2 @WebSeed提供了这个算法的一个很好的工作示例:http://codepen.io/WebSeed/full/pvgqEq/
答案 1 :(得分:12)
以防万一有人想要更短,更容易理解的GaceK's answer版本:
public Color ContrastColor(Color iColor)
{
// Calculate the perceptive luminance (aka luma) - human eye favors green color...
double luma = ((0.299 * iColor.R) + (0.587 * iColor.G) + (0.114 * iColor.B)) / 255;
// Return black for bright colors, white for dark colors
return luma > 0.5 ? Color.Black : Color.White;
}
注意:我删除了luma值的反转(使明亮的颜色具有更高的值,对我来说似乎更自然,也是'默认&# 39;计算方法。
我使用与here中的GaceK相同的常量,因为它们对我很有用。
(您也可以使用以下签名将其实现为Extension Method:
public static Color ContrastColor(this Color iColor)
然后,您可以通过foregroundColor = background.ContrastColor()
调用它。)
答案 2 :(得分:11)
谢谢 @Gacek 。这是Android版本:
@ColorInt
public static int getContrastColor(@ColorInt int color) {
// Counting the perceptive luminance - human eye favors green color...
double a = 1 - (0.299 * Color.red(color) + 0.587 * Color.green(color) + 0.114 * Color.blue(color)) / 255;
int d;
if (a < 0.5) {
d = 0; // bright colors - black font
} else {
d = 255; // dark colors - white font
}
return Color.rgb(d, d, d);
}
改进(更短)的版本:
@ColorInt
public static int getContrastColor(@ColorInt int color) {
// Counting the perceptive luminance - human eye favors green color...
double a = 1 - (0.299 * Color.red(color) + 0.587 * Color.green(color) + 0.114 * Color.blue(color)) / 255;
return a < 0.5 ? Color.BLACK : Color.WHITE;
}
答案 3 :(得分:8)
我的Swift实施Gacek的答案:
func contrastColor(color: UIColor) -> UIColor {
var d = CGFloat(0)
var r = CGFloat(0)
var g = CGFloat(0)
var b = CGFloat(0)
var a = CGFloat(0)
color.getRed(&r, green: &g, blue: &b, alpha: &a)
// Counting the perceptive luminance - human eye favors green color...
let luminance = 1 - ((0.299 * r) + (0.587 * g) + (0.114 * b))
if luminance < 0.5 {
d = CGFloat(0) // bright colors - black font
} else {
d = CGFloat(1) // dark colors - white font
}
return UIColor( red: d, green: d, blue: d, alpha: a)
}
答案 4 :(得分:7)
Javascript [ES2015]
const hexToLuma = (colour) => {
const hex = colour.replace(/#/, '');
const r = parseInt(hex.substr(0, 2), 16);
const g = parseInt(hex.substr(2, 2), 16);
const b = parseInt(hex.substr(4, 2), 16);
return [
0.299 * r,
0.587 * g,
0.114 * b
].reduce((a, b) => a + b) / 255;
};
答案 5 :(得分:5)
感谢您的这篇文章。
对于可能感兴趣的人,以下是Delphi中该函数的一个示例:
function GetContrastColor(ABGColor: TColor): TColor;
var
ADouble: Double;
R, G, B: Byte;
begin
if ABGColor <= 0 then
begin
Result := clWhite;
Exit; // *** EXIT RIGHT HERE ***
end;
if ABGColor = clWhite then
begin
Result := clBlack;
Exit; // *** EXIT RIGHT HERE ***
end;
// Get RGB from Color
R := GetRValue(ABGColor);
G := GetGValue(ABGColor);
B := GetBValue(ABGColor);
// Counting the perceptive luminance - human eye favors green color...
ADouble := 1 - (0.299 * R + 0.587 * G + 0.114 * B) / 255;
if (ADouble < 0.5) then
Result := clBlack; // bright colors - black font
else
Result := clWhite; // dark colors - white font
end;
答案 6 :(得分:5)
这是一个非常有用的答案。谢谢你!
我想分享一个SCSS版本:
@function is-color-light( $color ) {
// Get the components of the specified color
$red: red( $color );
$green: green( $color );
$blue: blue( $color );
// Compute the perceptive luminance, keeping
// in mind that the human eye favors green.
$l: 1 - ( 0.299 * $red + 0.587 * $green + 0.114 * $blue ) / 255;
@return ( $l < 0.5 );
}
现在弄清楚如何使用该算法为菜单链接自动创建悬停颜色。轻型标题会变得更暗,而反之亦然。
答案 7 :(得分:2)
丑陋的Python,如果你不喜欢写它:)
'''
Input a string without hash sign of RGB hex digits to compute
complementary contrasting color such as for fonts
'''
def contrasting_text_color(hex_str):
(r, g, b) = (hex_str[:2], hex_str[2:4], hex_str[4:])
return '000' if 1 - (int(r, 16) * 0.299 + int(g, 16) * 0.587 + int(b, 16) * 0.114) / 255 < 0.5 else 'fff'
答案 8 :(得分:2)
我有同样的问题,但我必须在 PHP 中开发它。我使用了@ Garek的solution,我也使用了这个答案: Convert hex color to RGB values in PHP将HEX颜色代码转换为RGB。
所以我正在分享它。
我想在给定的背景HEX颜色下使用此功能,但并不总是从'#'开始。
//So it can be used like this way:
$color = calculateColor('#804040');
echo $color;
//or even this way:
$color = calculateColor('D79C44');
echo '<br/>'.$color;
function calculateColor($bgColor){
//ensure that the color code will not have # in the beginning
$bgColor = str_replace('#','',$bgColor);
//now just add it
$hex = '#'.$bgColor;
list($r, $g, $b) = sscanf($hex, "#%02x%02x%02x");
$color = 1 - ( 0.299 * $r + 0.587 * $g + 0.114 * $b)/255;
if ($color < 0.5)
$color = '#000000'; // bright colors - black font
else
$color = '#ffffff'; // dark colors - white font
return $color;
}
答案 9 :(得分:1)
iOS Swift 3.0(UIColor扩展名):
func isLight() -> Bool
{
if let components = self.cgColor.components, let firstComponentValue = components[0], let secondComponentValue = components[1], let thirdComponentValue = components[2] {
let firstComponent = (firstComponentValue * 299)
let secondComponent = (secondComponentValue * 587)
let thirdComponent = (thirdComponentValue * 114)
let brightness = (firstComponent + secondComponent + thirdComponent) / 1000
if brightness < 0.5
{
return false
}else{
return true
}
}
print("Unable to grab components and determine brightness")
return nil
}
答案 10 :(得分:1)
请注意,google closure library中有一个算法引用了w3c建议:http://www.w3.org/TR/AERT#color-contrast。但是,在此API中,您提供了建议的颜色列表作为起点。
/**
* Find the "best" (highest-contrast) of the suggested colors for the prime
* color. Uses W3C formula for judging readability and visual accessibility:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/AERT#color-contrast
* @param {goog.color.Rgb} prime Color represented as a rgb array.
* @param {Array<goog.color.Rgb>} suggestions Array of colors,
* each representing a rgb array.
* @return {!goog.color.Rgb} Highest-contrast color represented by an array.
*/
goog.color.highContrast = function(prime, suggestions) {
var suggestionsWithDiff = [];
for (var i = 0; i < suggestions.length; i++) {
suggestionsWithDiff.push({
color: suggestions[i],
diff: goog.color.yiqBrightnessDiff_(suggestions[i], prime) +
goog.color.colorDiff_(suggestions[i], prime)
});
}
suggestionsWithDiff.sort(function(a, b) { return b.diff - a.diff; });
return suggestionsWithDiff[0].color;
};
/**
* Calculate brightness of a color according to YIQ formula (brightness is Y).
* More info on YIQ here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YIQ. Helper method for
* goog.color.highContrast()
* @param {goog.color.Rgb} rgb Color represented by a rgb array.
* @return {number} brightness (Y).
* @private
*/
goog.color.yiqBrightness_ = function(rgb) {
return Math.round((rgb[0] * 299 + rgb[1] * 587 + rgb[2] * 114) / 1000);
};
/**
* Calculate difference in brightness of two colors. Helper method for
* goog.color.highContrast()
* @param {goog.color.Rgb} rgb1 Color represented by a rgb array.
* @param {goog.color.Rgb} rgb2 Color represented by a rgb array.
* @return {number} Brightness difference.
* @private
*/
goog.color.yiqBrightnessDiff_ = function(rgb1, rgb2) {
return Math.abs(
goog.color.yiqBrightness_(rgb1) - goog.color.yiqBrightness_(rgb2));
};
/**
* Calculate color difference between two colors. Helper method for
* goog.color.highContrast()
* @param {goog.color.Rgb} rgb1 Color represented by a rgb array.
* @param {goog.color.Rgb} rgb2 Color represented by a rgb array.
* @return {number} Color difference.
* @private
*/
goog.color.colorDiff_ = function(rgb1, rgb2) {
return Math.abs(rgb1[0] - rgb2[0]) + Math.abs(rgb1[1] - rgb2[1]) +
Math.abs(rgb1[2] - rgb2[2]);
};
答案 11 :(得分:1)
+ (UIColor*) getContrastColor:(UIColor*) color {
CGFloat red, green, blue, alpha;
[color getRed:&red green:&green blue:&blue alpha:&alpha];
double a = ( 0.299 * red + 0.587 * green + 0.114 * blue);
return (a > 0.5) ? [[UIColor alloc]initWithRed:0 green:0 blue:0 alpha:1] : [[UIColor alloc]initWithRed:255 green:255 blue:255 alpha:1];
}
答案 12 :(得分:1)
Swift 4示例:
error
更新 - 发现extension UIColor {
var isLight: Bool {
let components = cgColor.components
let firstComponent = ((components?[0]) ?? 0) * 299
let secondComponent = ((components?[1]) ?? 0) * 587
let thirdComponent = ((components?[2]) ?? 0) * 114
let brightness = (firstComponent + secondComponent + thirdComponent) / 1000
return !(brightness < 0.6)
}
}
是查询的更好的试验台
答案 13 :(得分:0)
我会评论@MichaelChirico 的answer,但我没有足够的声誉。因此,这是 R 中返回颜色的示例:
get_text_colour <- function(
background_colour,
light_text_colour = 'white',
dark_text_colour = 'black',
threshold = 0.5
) {
background_luminance <- c(
c( .299, .587, .114 ) %*% col2rgb( background_colour ) / 255
)
return(
ifelse(
background_luminance < threshold,
light_text_colour,
dark_text_colour
)
)
}
> get_text_colour( background_colour = 'blue' )
[1] "white"
> get_text_colour( background_colour = c( 'blue', 'yellow', 'pink' ) )
[1] "white" "black" "black"
> get_text_colour( background_colour = c('black', 'white', '#236FAB', 'darkred', '#01F11F') )
[1] "white" "black" "white" "white" "black"
答案 14 :(得分:0)
基于Gacek's answer,并使用@WebSeed's example浏览器扩展程序分析了WAVE之后,我提出了以下版本,该版本根据对比度选择黑色或白色文本(如在W3C的Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1中定义,而不是亮度。
这是代码(使用javascript):
// As defined in WCAG 2.1
var relativeLuminance = function (R8bit, G8bit, B8bit) {
var RsRGB = R8bit / 255.0;
var GsRGB = G8bit / 255.0;
var BsRGB = B8bit / 255.0;
var R = (RsRGB <= 0.03928) ? RsRGB / 12.92 : Math.pow((RsRGB + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4);
var G = (GsRGB <= 0.03928) ? GsRGB / 12.92 : Math.pow((GsRGB + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4);
var B = (BsRGB <= 0.03928) ? BsRGB / 12.92 : Math.pow((BsRGB + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4);
return 0.2126 * R + 0.7152 * G + 0.0722 * B;
};
var blackContrast = function(r, g, b) {
var L = relativeLuminance(r, g, b);
return (L + 0.05) / 0.05;
};
var whiteContrast = function(r, g, b) {
var L = relativeLuminance(r, g, b);
return 1.05 / (L + 0.05);
};
// If both options satisfy AAA criterion (at least 7:1 contrast), use preference
// else, use higher contrast (white breaks tie)
var chooseFGcolor = function(r, g, b, prefer = 'white') {
var Cb = blackContrast(r, g, b);
var Cw = whiteContrast(r, g, b);
if(Cb >= 7.0 && Cw >= 7.0) return prefer;
else return (Cb > Cw) ? 'black' : 'white';
};
在@WebSeed的codepen的my fork中可以找到一个工作示例,该示例在WAVE中产生零个低对比度错误。
答案 15 :(得分:0)
base
R版本的@Gacek的答案,以获取luminance
(您可以轻松地应用自己的阈值)
# vectorized
luminance = function(col) c(c(.299, .587, .114) %*% col2rgb(col)/255)
用法:
luminance(c('black', 'white', '#236FAB', 'darkred', '#01F11F'))
# [1] 0.0000000 1.0000000 0.3730039 0.1629843 0.5698039
答案 16 :(得分:0)
Flutter实施
Color contrastColor(Color color) {
if (color == Colors.transparent || color.alpha < 50) {
return Colors.black;
}
double luminance = (0.299 * color.red + 0.587 * color.green + 0.114 * color.blue) / 255;
return luminance > 0.5 ? Colors.black : Colors.white;
}
答案 17 :(得分:0)
也可以捕获alpha的Android变体。
(感谢@ thomas-vos)
/**
* Returns a colour best suited to contrast with the input colour.
*
* @param colour
* @return
*/
@ColorInt
public static int contrastingColour(@ColorInt int colour) {
// XXX https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1855884/determine-font-color-based-on-background-color
// Counting the perceptive luminance - human eye favors green color...
double a = 1 - (0.299 * Color.red(colour) + 0.587 * Color.green(colour) + 0.114 * Color.blue(colour)) / 255;
int alpha = Color.alpha(colour);
int d = 0; // bright colours - black font;
if (a >= 0.5) {
d = 255; // dark colours - white font
}
return Color.argb(alpha, d, d, d);
}
答案 18 :(得分:0)
作为Kotlin / Android扩展程序:
fun Int.getContrastColor(): Int {
// Counting the perceptive luminance - human eye favors green color...
val a = 1 - (0.299 * Color.red(this) + 0.587 * Color.green(this) + 0.114 * Color.blue(this)) / 255
return if (a < 0.5) Color.BLACK else Color.WHITE
}
答案 19 :(得分:0)
您可以在任何色调背景上添加任何色调文本,并确保其清晰易读。我一直这样做。在Readable Text in Colour – STW*的Javascript中有一个公式 正如它在该链接上所说,该公式是反伽玛调整计算的变体,虽然更容易管理恕我直言。 该链接右侧的菜单及其相关页面使用随机生成的文本和背景颜色,始终清晰可辨。所以是的,显然它可以做到,没问题。
答案 20 :(得分:0)
如果您正在操纵色彩空间以获得视觉效果,那么在HSL(色调,饱和度和亮度)中工作通常比使用RGB更容易。在RGB中移动颜色以提供自然令人愉悦的效果往往在概念上非常困难,而转换为HSL,在那里操纵,然后再次转换回来在概念上更直观并且总是提供更好看的结果。
维基百科有一个good introduction到HSL和密切相关的HSV。并且网络上有免费的代码来进行转换(例如here is a javascript implementation)
你使用的精确转换是一个品味的问题,但我个人认为逆转Hue和Lightness组件肯定会产生一个良好的高对比度颜色作为第一近似,但你可以轻松地去更微妙效果。