这需要多长时间才能运行？
query = Contact.objects.filter(contact_owner=batch.user, subscribed=True)
objs = [
Message(
recipient_number=e.mobile,
content=content,
sender=e.contact_owner,
billee=user,
sender_name=sender,
)
for e in query
只是这个代码没有别的（不保存到db我只在上面运行，即创建对象）。在查询中创建5000个消息对象需要15分钟。这是正确的吗？为什么Django这么慢？
这是它创建的模型，我再也不在这里保存。我认为在创建对象时模型中存在问题，或者Django对我的需求来说太慢了。
模型消息
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.contenttypes import generic
from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _
from django.conf import settings
from django.db.models.signals import post_save, pre_save
from django.dispatch import receiver
import uuidfield.fields
import picklefield
import jsonfield
if 'timezones' in settings.INSTALLED_APPS:
from timezones.utils import adjust_datetime_to_timezone
else:
def adjust_datetime_to_timezone(a, b, c):
return a
from gateway import Gateway
class MessageManager(models.Manager):
def get_matching_message(self, datadict):
for gateway in Gateway.objects.all():
try:
return Message.objects.get(
gateway_message_id=datadict.get(gateway.status_msg_id),
gateway=gateway,
)
except Message.DoesNotExist:
pass
def get_original_for_reply(self, datadict):
for gateway in Gateway.objects.all():
try:
return Message.objects.get(
uuid=datadict.get(gateway.uuid_keyword),
gateway=gateway
)
except Message.DoesNotExist:
pass
# This may have been a message sent from another phone, but
# there may be a reply-code that was added in.
return self.custom_reply_matcher(datadict)
def custom_reply_matcher(self, datadict):
# Designed to be overridden.
return None
def get_last_rate_for(self, recipient_number):
m = Message.objects.filter(recipient_number=recipient_number).exclude(
gateway_charge=None).order_by('-send_date')[0]
return m.gateway_charge / m.length
def get_message(self, gateway_message_id):
try:
return Message.objects.get(gateway_message_id=gateway_message_id,)
except Message.DoesNotExist:
pass
MESSAGE_STATUSES = (
('Unsent', 'Unsent'),
('Sent', 'Sent'),
('Delivered', 'Delivered'),
('Failed', 'Failed'),
)
class Message(models.Model):
"""
A Message.
We have a uuid, which is our reference. We also have a gateway_message_id,
which is their reference. This is required by some systems so we can
pass in a unique value that will allow us to match up replies to original
messages.
"""
content = models.TextField(help_text=_(u'The body of the message.'))
recipient_number = models.CharField(max_length=32,
help_text=_(u'The international number of the recipient'
', without the leading +'))
sender = models.ForeignKey('auth.User', related_name='sent_sms_messages')
sender_name = models.CharField(max_length=11)
send_date = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True, editable=False)
delivery_date = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True, editable=False,
help_text="The date the message was sent.")
uuid = uuidfield.fields.UUIDField(auto=True,
help_text=_(u'Used for associating replies.'))
status = models.CharField(max_length=16, choices=MESSAGE_STATUSES,
default="Unsent",
)
status_message = models.CharField(max_length=128, null=True, blank=True)
billed = models.BooleanField(default=False)
content_type = models.ForeignKey('contenttypes.ContentType')
object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField()
billee = generic.GenericForeignKey()
gateway = models.ForeignKey('sms.Gateway',
null=True, blank=True, editable=False)
gateway_message_id = models.CharField(max_length=128,
blank=True, null=True, editable=False)
reply_callback = picklefield.PickledObjectField(null=True, blank=True)
gateway_charge = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=5,
null=True, blank=True)
charge = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=5,
null=True, blank=True)
objects = MessageManager()
class Meta:
app_label = 'sms'
permissions = (
('view_message', 'Can view message'),
)
ordering = ('send_date',)
def send(self, gateway):
gateway.send(self)
@property
def length(self):
"""Unicode messages are limited to 70 chars/message segment."""
# try:
# return len(str(self.content)) / 160 + 1
# except UnicodeEncodeError:
# return len(self.content) / 70 + 1
return len(self.content) / 160 + 1
@property
def local_send_time(self):
# TODO: Get this from UserProfile?
if getattr(self.billee, 'timezone', None):
return adjust_datetime_to_timezone(
self.send_date,
settings.TIME_ZONE,
self.billee.timezone
)
return self.send_date
@property
def local_send_date(self):
return self.local_send_time.date()
def __unicode__(self):
return "[%s] Sent to %s by %s at %s [%i]" % (
self.status,
self.recipient_number,
self.sender,
self.send_date,
self.length
)
@receiver(pre_save, sender=Message)
def my_handler(sender, **kwargs):
instance = kwargs['instance']
if not instance.charge:
instance.charge = instance.length
# No need to save, as we're slipping the value in
# before we hit the database.
联系模式
import os
import datetime
from uuid import uuid4
from datetime import date
from django.db import models
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _
from django.utils import timezone
from django.db.models.signals import pre_delete
from django.dispatch.dispatcher import receiver
from adaptor.fields import *
from adaptor.model import CsvModel
def path_and_rename(path):
"""
Callable function for renaming the file being uploaded.
"""
def wrapper(instance, filename):
ext = filename.split('.')[-1]
# get filename
if instance.pk:
filename = '{}.{}'.format(instance.pk, ext)
else:
# set filename as random string
filename = '{}.{}'.format(uuid4().hex, ext)
# return the whole path to the file
return os.path.join(path, filename)
return wrapper
class GroupManager(models.Manager):
def for_user(self, user):
return self.get_query_set().filter(user=user, )
class Group(models.Model):
"""
Stores all groups.
"""
name = models.CharField(max_length=60)
modified = models.DateTimeField(null=True, auto_now=True, help_text="Shows when object was modified.")
created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, help_text="Shows when object was created.")
#FK
user = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name="user")
objects = GroupManager()
def __unicode__(self):
return self.name
def get_absolute_url(self):
return reverse('contacts.views.group', args=[str(self.id)])
def get_delete_url(self):
return reverse('contacts.views.group_delete_confirm', args=[str(self.id)])
class ContactManager(models.Manager):
"""
Custom Manager for keyword.
"""
def unsorted_contacts(self, user):
"""
Manager that will list all records for a user where group is 'None'.
"""
return self.get_query_set().filter(contact_owner=user, group=None)
def for_user_and_group(self, user, group):
"""
Manager that will list all records for a user where group is 'group'.
"""
return self.get_query_set().filter(contact_owner=user, group=group)
def for_user(self, user):
"""
Manager that will list all records for a user they own.
"""
return self.get_query_set().filter(contact_owner=user)
class Contact(models.Model):
"""
Stores all contacts.
"""
first_name = models.CharField(max_length=60, blank=True)
last_name = models.CharField(max_length=60, blank=True)
company = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True)
mobile = models.CharField(max_length=15)
email = models.EmailField(max_length=100, blank=True)
subscribed = models.NullBooleanField(default=1, help_text="Shows if contact is unsubscribed to SMS/Email.")
modified = models.DateTimeField(null=True, auto_now=True, help_text="Shows when object was modified.")
created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, help_text="Shows when object was created.")
objects = ContactManager()
#FK
group = models.ForeignKey(Group, related_name='contacts', blank=True, null=True)
contact_owner = models.ForeignKey(User)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.first_name
def full_name(self):
return "%s %s" % (self.first_name, self.last_name)
def get_delete_url(self):
return reverse('contacts.views.contact_delete', args=[str(self.id), str(self.group_id)])
def get_group_absolute_url(self):
return reverse('contacts.views.group', args=[str(self.group_id)])
@property
def user(self):
return self.contact_owner
@receiver(pre_delete, sender=Contact)
def contact_cleanup(sender, instance, **kwargs):
"""
Do a bit of tidying up when deleting a Contact.
Sent at the beginning of a model's delete() method and a queryset's delete() method.
"""
# Remove any FK's not done by cascade delete like generic relationships.
from unsubscribe.models import Unsubscribe
unsubscribe_list = Unsubscribe.objects.filter(object_id=instance.id, content_type__model='contact')
unsubscribe_list.delete()
class Upload(models.Model):
"""
Stores jobs and status uploads of file uploads for CSV import.
"""
filepath = models.FileField(upload_to=path_and_rename('uploadsCSV'),
help_text="It can take several minutes for contacts to appear.")
# Upload audit information
uploaded_by = models.ForeignKey(User)
date_uploaded = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
# Processing audit information
PENDING, PROCESSED, FAILED = 'Pending', 'Processed', 'Failed'
STATUSES = (
(PENDING, _(PENDING)),
(PROCESSED, _(PROCESSED)),
(FAILED, _(FAILED)),
)
status = models.CharField(max_length=64, choices=STATUSES, default=PENDING)
processing_description = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)
num_records = models.PositiveIntegerField()
num_columns = models.PositiveIntegerField()
date_start_processing = models.DateTimeField(null=True)
date_end_processing = models.DateTimeField(null=True)
#FKs
group = models.ForeignKey(Group)
def get_configurator_url(self):
return reverse('contacts.views.upload_configurator', args=[str(self.id)])
def process(self, cleaned_data):
self.date_start_processing = timezone.now()
try:
group_position = self.num_columns + 1
upload_id_position = self.num_columns + 1
# Try and import CSV
import_this(data=self.filepath, extra_fields=[
{'value': self.group_id, 'position': group_position},
{'value': self.uploaded_by.id, 'position': upload_id_position}], cleaned_data=cleaned_data)
self._mark_processed(self.num_records)
except Exception as e:
self._mark_failed(unicode(e))
def was_processing_successful(self):
return self.status == self.PROCESSED
def was_processing_successful(self):
return self.status == self.PROCESSED
def _mark_processed(self, num_records, description=None):
self.status = self.PROCESSED
self.date_end_processing = date.today()
self.num_records = num_records
self.processing_description = description
self.save()
def _mark_failed(self, description):
self.status = self.FAILED
self.processing_description = description
self.save()
def import_this(cleaned_data, *args, **kw):
# make custom ContactCSVModel
class ContactCSVModel(CsvModel):
for k, v in cleaned_data.items():
if not v == '':
# print("---------------------------------")
# print(str(v))
# print("---")
# print(k[3:])
# print("---------------------------------")
setattr(CsvModel, v, CharField(row_num=k[3:]))
group = DjangoModelField(Group, row_num="5")
contact_owner = DjangoModelField(User, row_num="6")
class Meta:
delimiter = ","
dbModel = Contact
update = {'keys': ["mobile", "group"]}
return ContactCSVModel.import_data(*args, **kw)
答案 0 :(得分：1)
如果你安装了Django debugtoolbar，你实际上可以看到被触发的查询，以及解雇它们的代码。
这种缓慢的主要原因是每次在循环中执行e.mobile和e.contact_owner时，django都会触发一个新的数据库查询。
要阻止这些查询，请使用select_related预取数据，如下所示
query = Contact.objects.select_related('mobile', 'contact_owner').filter(contact_owner=batch.user, subscribed=True)
如果您的关系是多对多，请使用prefetch_related而不是select_related。