Question

使用PHP，当我调用类的实例时，我会收到一个未定义的变量通知。我用其他语言编程，但不太熟悉PHP，你能不能看看我的代码并告诉我在定义类变量时的错误？感谢。

<?php
    // create class Bike
    class Bike
    {
        // create variables for class Bike of price, max_speed, and miles
        var $price;
        var $max_speed;
        var $miles;

        // create constructor for class Bike with user set price and max_speed
        function __construct($price, $max_speed)
        {
            $this->price = $price;
            $this->max_speed = $max_speed;
        }

        // METHODS for class Bike:
        // displayInfo() - have this method display the bike's price, maximum speed, and the total miles driven
        function displayInfo()
        {
            echo "Price: $" . $price .  "<p>Maximum Speed: " . $max_speed . "</p>" . "<p>Total Miles Driven: " . $miles . "</p>";
        }

        // drive() - have it display "Driving" on the screen and increase the total miles driven by 10
        function drive()
        {
            $miles = $miles + 10;
            echo "<p>Driving!</p>" . "<p>Total Miles Driven: " . $miles . "</p>";
        }

        // reverse() - have it display "Reversing" on the screen and decrease the total miles driven by 5...
        function reverse()
        {
            // What would you do to prevent the instance from having negative miles?
            if($miles >= 5)
            {
                $miles = $miles - 5;
                echo "<p>Reversing</p><p>Total Miles Driven: " . $miles . "</p>";
            }
            else
            {
                echo "<p>Total Miles Driven is less than 5 miles, unable to reverse!</p>";
            }
        }
    }
?>

<?php
    // Create 3 bike object class instances
    $Schwinn = new Bike(50, '10mph');
    $Specialized = new Bike(500, '25mph');
    $Cannondale = new Bike(1000, '50mph');

    // Have the first instance drive three times, reverse one and have it displayInfo().
    var_dump($Schwinn); // shows instance is created with proper variable assignments
    $Schwinn -> drive();
    // $Schwinn -> drive();
    // $Schwinn -> drive();
    $Schwinn -> reverse();
    $Schwinn -> displayInfo();
?>

错误：

注意：未定义的变量：第27行/home/heidi/Desktop/CodingDojo/OOP/php_oop_basic1.php中的里程数
  注意：未定义的变量：第35行的/home/heidi/Desktop/CodingDojo/OOP/php_oop_basic1.php中的里程
  注意：未定义的变量：第21行的/home/heidi/Desktop/CodingDojo/OOP/php_oop_basic1.php中的价格
  注意：未定义的变量：第21行的/home/heidi/Desktop/CodingDojo/OOP/php_oop_basic1.php中的max_speed
  注意：未定义的变量：第21行的/home/heidi/Desktop/CodingDojo/OOP/php_oop_basic1.php里程

Answer 1

在PHP（以及javascript，python和许多其他版本）中，$this在引用类变量时是显式的：

// local variable
$price
// class variable
$this->price

另请查看manual。

Answer 2

您尝试分配需要使用的对象的变量（属性）的每个实例$this->var_name。您的代码应更新为如下所示：

<?php
    // create class Bike
    class Bike
    {
        // create variables for class Bike of price, max_speed, and miles
        var $price;
        var $max_speed;
        var $miles;

        // create constructor for class Bike with user set price and max_speed
        function __construct($price, $max_speed)
        {
            $this->price = $price;
            $this->max_speed = $max_speed;
        }

        // METHODS for class Bike:
        // displayInfo() - have this method display the bike's price, maximum speed, and the total miles driven
        function displayInfo()
        {
            echo "Price: $" . $this->price .  "<p>Maximum Speed: " . $this->max_speed . "</p>" . "<p>Total Miles Driven: " . $this->miles . "</p>";
        }

        // drive() - have it display "Driving" on the screen and increase the total miles driven by 10
        function drive()
        {
            $this->miles = $this->miles + 10;
            echo "<p>Driving!</p>" . "<p>Total Miles Driven: " . $this->miles . "</p>";
        }

        // reverse() - have it display "Reversing" on the screen and decrease the total miles driven by 5...
        function reverse()
        {
            // What would you do to prevent the instance from having negative miles?
            if($this->miles >= 5)
            {
                $this->miles = $this->miles - 5;
                echo "<p>Reversing</p><p>Total Miles Driven: " . $this->miles . "</p>";
            }
            else
            {
                echo "<p>Total Miles Driven is less than 5 miles, unable to reverse!</p>";
            }
        }
    }
?>

<?php
    // Create 3 bike object class instances
    $Schwinn = new Bike(50, '10mph');
    $Specialized = new Bike(500, '25mph');
    $Cannondale = new Bike(1000, '50mph');

    // Have the first instance drive three times, reverse one and have it displayInfo().
    var_dump($Schwinn); // shows instance is created with proper variable assignments
    $Schwinn -> drive();
    // $Schwinn -> drive();
    // $Schwinn -> drive();
    $Schwinn -> reverse();
    $Schwinn -> displayInfo();
?>

此输出：

object(Bike)#1 (3) { ["price"]=> int(50) ["max_speed"]=> string(5) "10mph" ["miles"]=> NULL }

Driving!

Total Miles Driven: 10

Reversing

Total Miles Driven: 5
Price: $50

Maximum Speed: 10mph

Total Miles Driven: 5

另外，请研究定义属性和方法Visibility。在对象中使用var定义属性假定它设置在“公共”可见范围内。例子：

class Bike
{
    var $price; //var was almost depreciated in objects (early PHP 5.0)

    public $price; //Now the commonly accepted method, same behavior as above.

    protected $price; //protected means only this class, parent class or extended class can use this $price

    private $price; //Private means only this class may use this $price property.

    public $price = ''; //You can also define the variable when declaring it.

您还可以使用相同的可见范围声明方法（类函数）。此外，您只能使用$class->var_name获取类定义之外的公共属性（对象变量）。私有属性和受保护属性将导致致命错误，因为它们无法直接访问。

PHP类实例调用中的未定义变量通知

2 个答案: