由于未定义的函数,脚本调用多个其他脚本错误

时间:2013-08-15 20:37:17

标签: python python-2.7 error-handling execfile

我再次对某些东西不确定,我肯定会非常简单......

基本上,我正在尝试让我的第一个脚本调用/执行一堆其他脚本,但问题是我希望每个脚本都包含自己的函数,而不是从第一个脚本中调用...

第一个脚本/主脚本:

from datetime import date, timedelta
from sched import scheduler
from time import time, sleep, strftime
import random

s = scheduler(time, sleep)
random.seed()

def periodically(runtime, intsmall, intlarge, function):
     ## Get current time
    currenttime = strftime('%H:%M:%S')

    ## If currenttime is anywhere between 23:40 and 23:50 then...
    if currenttime > '23:40:00' and currenttime < '23:50:00':
        ## Call clear
        clear()
        ## Update time
        currenttime = strftime('%H:%M:%S')

    ## Idle time
    while currenttime > '23:40:00' and currenttime < '23:59:59' or currenttime >= '00:00:00' and currenttime < '01:30:00':
        ## Update time
        currenttime = strftime('%H:%M:%S')

    runtime += random.randrange(intsmall, intlarge)
    s.enter(runtime, 1, function, ())
    s.run()

def callscripts():
    print "Calling Functions"

    errors = open('ERROR(S).txt', 'a')
    try: 
        execfile("data/secondary.py")
    except Exception as e:
        errors.write(str(e))
        errors.write("""
""")         
    errors.close()


while True:
    periodically(2, -1, +1, callscripts)

以下是secondary.py

import win32con
from win32api import *
from win32gui import *

class WindowsBalloonTip:
    def __init__(self, title, msg):
        message_map = { win32con.WM_DESTROY: self.OnDestroy,}

        # Register the window class.
        wc = WNDCLASS()
        hinst = wc.hInstance = GetModuleHandle(None)
        wc.lpszClassName = 'PythonTaskbar'
        wc.lpfnWndProc = message_map # could also specify a wndproc.
        classAtom = RegisterClass(wc)

        # Create the window.
        style = win32con.WS_OVERLAPPED | win32con.WS_SYSMENU
        self.hwnd = CreateWindow(classAtom, "Taskbar", style, 0, 0, win32con.CW_USEDEFAULT, win32con.CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, 0, hinst, None)
        UpdateWindow(self.hwnd)

        # Icons managment
        iconPathName = "icon1.ico" ## LOCATION TO THE ICON FILE
        icon_flags = win32con.LR_LOADFROMFILE | win32con.LR_DEFAULTSIZE
        try:
            hicon = LoadImage(hinst, iconPathName, win32con.IMAGE_ICON, 0, 0, icon_flags)
        except:
            hicon = LoadIcon(0, win32con.IDI_APPLICATION)
        flags = NIF_ICON | NIF_MESSAGE | NIF_TIP
        nid = (self.hwnd, 0, flags, win32con.WM_USER+20, hicon, 'Tooltip')

        # Notify
        Shell_NotifyIcon(NIM_ADD, nid)
        Shell_NotifyIcon(NIM_MODIFY, (self.hwnd, 0, NIF_INFO, win32con.WM_USER+20, hicon, 'Balloon Tooltip', msg, 200, title))
        # self.show_balloon(title, msg)
        sleep(5)

        # Destroy
        DestroyWindow(self.hwnd)
        classAtom = UnregisterClass(classAtom, hinst)
    def OnDestroy(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):
        nid = (self.hwnd, 0)
        Shell_NotifyIcon(NIM_DELETE, nid)
        PostQuitMessage(0) # Terminate the app.

# Function
def balloon_tip(title, msg):
    w=WindowsBalloonTip(title, msg)


balloon_tip("test test", "Running")

def hi():
    print "hi"

hi()

错误:

global name 'WindowsBalloonTip' is not defined

完全错误:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Main.py", line 48, in <module>
    periodically(2, -1, +1, callscripts)
  File "C:\Main.py", line 27, in periodically
    s.run()
  File "C:\Python27\lib\sched.py", line 117, in run
    action(*argument)
  File "Main.py", line 34, in callscripts
    execfile("data/secondary.py")
  File "data/secondary.py", line 93, in <module>
    balloon_tip("test test", "Running")
  File "data/secondary.py", line 78, in balloon_tip
    w=WindowsBalloonTip(title, msg)
NameError: global name 'WindowsBalloonTip' is not defined

我将如何解决这个问题?

提前致谢 HYFLEX

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

首先,

class WindowsBalloonTip:

应该是

class WindowsBalloonTip(object):

因为前者是一个旧的样式类,它已经在Python 3中消失了,并且在最新版本的Python 2.x中仅用于向后兼容。

Ethan的回答是正确的,但如果您提出这个问题,可能还不清楚。完整的解释是here

运行ballon_tip()时,它首先搜索本地命名空间 - balloon_tip()的命名空间 - 以查找名为WindowsBalloonTip的内容。当它无法找到它时,它会搜索全局命名空间。由于您没有向globals的{​​{1}}参数提供任何内容,因此默认为execfile()的命名空间,其中没有任何名为callscripts()的内容在里面,和错误。

要解决此问题,您可以将WindowsBaloonTip作为参数传递给globals(),但这会污染您可能不想要的主脚本的全局命名空间。你也可以将secondary.py中的所有内容声明为全局,但是你可能不想这样做,因为整点都是测试secondary.py。

问题是execfileexecfile是一种丑陋的黑客行事方式。 execfile更好。一种解决方案是在secondary.py中编写类似的东西:

import

然后,在您的主脚本中def test_harness(): balloon_tip("test test", "Running") hi() ,并像这样更改callscripts():

import secondary, traceback

编辑回应评论: 在脚本的顶部def callscripts(): print "Calling Functions" errors = open("ERRORS(S).txt", "a") try: secondary.test_harness() except: errors.write(traceback.format_exc() + '\n') ,然后:

import traceback

答案 1 :(得分:1)

The problem is execfile.

基本上,execfile是一个带有文件的花哨的exec。因此,当您调用execfile 'secondary.py'时,Python会在调用execfile的上下文中执行secondary.py 的所有行。在这种情况下,它位于callscripts内功能

您可能想要的是subprocess