如何将属性绑定到类型

时间:2009-11-28 04:19:27

标签: wpf binding mvvm styles

我有两个HeaderedContentControl,如下所示,每个都将其内容属性绑定到同一基本类型的两个视图模型属性之一(一个控件位于窗口左侧,一个控件位于右侧,因此视图模型属性名称。)

但是,视图模型属性可以是四种不同派生类型之一。所以左边可以是Airplane,右边可以是Car。然后,左边可能是Boat,右边可能是Airplane。我希望标头控件的Style属性基于派生类型是动态的。以声明方式执行此操作的最佳方式是什么?

<Window...>
    <StackPanel 
        Grid.Row="2"
        Orientation="Horizontal" VerticalAlignment="Top">
        <Border 
            Height="380" 
            Width="330"
            Margin="0,0,4,0"
            Style="{StaticResource MainBorderStyle}">
            <HeaderedContentControl
                Content="{Binding Path=LeftChild}"
                Header="{Binding LeftChild.DisplayName}"
                Style="{StaticResource StandardHeaderStyle}"
            />
        </Border>

        <Border 
            Height="380" 
            Width="330"
            Style="{StaticResource MainBorderStyle}">
            <HeaderedContentControl
                Content="{Binding Path=RightChild}"
                Header="{Binding RightChild.DisplayName}"
                Style="{StaticResource StandardHeaderStyle}"
            />  
        </Border>
    </StackPanel>
</Window>


<ResourceDictionary 
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:vm="clr-namespace:myViewModelNamespace;assembly=myViewModelAssembly"
    xmlns:vw="clr-namespace:myViewNamespace" >

    <!--***** Item Data Templates ****-->
    <DataTemplate DataType="{x:Type vm:CarViewModel}">
        <vw:CarView />
    </DataTemplate>

    <DataTemplate DataType="{x:Type vm:BoatViewModel}">
        <vw:BoatView />
    </DataTemplate>

    <DataTemplate DataType="{x:Type vm:AirplaneViewModel}">
        <vw:AirplaneView />
    </DataTemplate>

    <!--***** 
        Other stuff including the StandardHeaderStyle and the MainBorderStyle
    ****-->

</ResourceDictionary>

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

您确定需要改变HeaderedContentControl的样式,而不是基于Content动态类型的ContentTemplate吗?换句话说:你需要改变控件的风格,还是只需改变项目的数据模板?

因为有非常方便的属性ContentTemplateSelector,如果你编写非常简单的类,你将能够根据内容的动态类型选择DataTemplate。

如果情况并非如此,并且您确定需要更改样式,那么请您详细说明您希望改变的样式的哪些部分 - 也许可以通过相同的ContentTemplateSelector进行解决方法。< / p>

如果您坚持改变风格,请考虑一下在您的风格中使用数据触发器 - 使用非常简单的转换器,您将能够改变您的风格的某些属性(或者如果您愿意,可以改变所有属性)。

一旦您详细说明问题的具体细节,我将很乐意为您提供进一步的帮助。

UPD :好的,作者坚持认为他需要改变风格。以下是两种可行的方法。

第一个简单的解决方案,但严重限制一个:因为您的Header内容可以通过Content内容指定,所以您可以这样做:

<DataTemplate x:Key="DefaultTemplate">
    <HeaderedContentControl Content="{Binding}"
                            Header="{Binding DisplayName}"
                            Style="{StaticResource DefaultStyle}" />
</DataTemplate>
<DataTemplate x:Key="CarTemplate"
              DataType="dm:Car">
    <HeaderedContentControl Content="{Binding}"
                            Header="{Binding DisplayName}"
                            Style="{StaticResource CarStyle}" />
</DataTemplate>
<DataTemplate x:Key="BoatTemplate"
              DataType="dm:Boat">
    <HeaderedContentControl Content="{Binding}"
                            Header="{Binding DisplayName}"
                            Style="{StaticResource BoatStyle}" />
</DataTemplate>

<u:TypeBasedDataTemplateSelector x:Key="MySelector"
                                 DefaultTemplate="{StaticResource DefaultTemplate}"
                                 NullTemplate="{StaticResource DefaultTemplate}">
    <u:TypeMapping Type="dm:Car" Template="{StaticResource CarTemplate}" />
    <u:TypeMapping Type="dm:Boat" Template="{StaticResource BoatTemplate}" />
</u:TypeBasedDataTemplateSelector>

<ContentPresenter Content="{Binding LeftChild}"
                  ContentTemplateSelector="{StaticResource MySelector}" />

支持这个纯粹的声明性解决方案所需的唯一代码是一个非常简单的模板选择器实现。在这里:

public class TypeMapping
{
    public Type Type { get; set; }
    public DataTemplate Template { get; set; }
}

public class TypeBasedDataTemplateSelector : DataTemplateSelector, IAddChild
{
    public DataTemplate DefaultTemplate { get; set; }
    public DataTemplate NullTemplate { get; set; }
    private readonly Dictionary<Type, DataTemplate> Mapping = new Dictionary<Type, DataTemplate>();

    public override DataTemplate SelectTemplate(object item, DependencyObject container)
    {
        if (item == null)
            return NullTemplate;

        DataTemplate template;

        if (!Mapping.TryGetValue(item.GetType(), out template))
            template = DefaultTemplate;

        return template;
    }


    #region IAddChild Members

    public void AddChild(object value)
    {
        if (!(value is TypeMapping))
            throw new Exception("...");

        var tm = (TypeMapping)value;

        Mapping.Add(tm.Type, tm.Template);
    }

    public void AddText(string text)
    {
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    }

    #endregion
}

第二种解决方案更通用,可应用于Header内容与Content内容无关的情况。它基于Binding的转换器功能。

<Style x:Key="StandardHeaderedStyle">
    <!--...-->
</Style>

<Style x:Key="CarHeaderedStyle"
       BasedOn="{StaticResource StandardHeaderedStyle}">
    <!--...-->
</Style>

<Style x:Key="BoatHeaderedStyle"
       BasedOn="{StaticResource StandardHeaderedStyle}">
    <!--...-->
</Style>

<Style x:Key="UnknownHeaderedStyle"
       BasedOn="{StaticResource StandardHeaderedStyle}">
    <!--...-->
</Style>

<u:StylesMap x:Key="MyStylesMap" 
             FallbackStyle="{StaticResource UnknownHeaderedStyle}">
    <u:StyleMapping Type="Car" Style="{StaticResource CarHeaderedStyle}" />
    <u:StyleMapping Type="Boat" Style="{StaticResource BoatHeaderedStyle}" />
</u:StylesMap>

<u:StyleSelectorConverter x:Key="StyleSelectorConverter" />

<HeaderedContentControl Content="{Binding LeftChild}"
                        Header="{Binding LeftChild.DisplayName}">
    <HeaderedContentControl.Style>
        <Binding Path="LeftChild"
                 Converter="{StaticResource StyleSelectorConverter}"
                 ConverterParameter="{StaticResource MyStylesMap}" />
    </HeaderedContentControl.Style>
</HeaderedContentControl>

它还需要一些支持代码:

public class StyleMapping
{
    public Type Type { get; set; }
    public Style Style { get; set; }
}

public class StylesMap : Dictionary<Type, Style>, IAddChild
{
    public Style FallbackStyle { get; set; }

    #region IAddChild Members

    public void AddChild(object value)
    {
        if (!(value is StyleMapping))
            throw new InvalidOperationException("...");

        var m = (StyleMapping)value;

        this.Add(m.Type, m.Style);
    }

    public void AddText(string text)
    {
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    }

    #endregion
}

public class StyleSelectorConverter : IValueConverter
{
    #region IValueConverter Members

    public object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
    {
        var m = (StylesMap)parameter;

        if (value == null)
            return m.FallbackStyle;

        Style style;
        if (!m.TryGetValue(value.GetType(), out style))
            style = m.FallbackStyle;

        return style;
    }

    public object ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
    {
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    }

    #endregion
}

HTH

答案 1 :(得分:0)

尝试使用Style Selector类:

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.windows.controls.styleselector.aspx

我没有特别使用它,所以我没有任何示例代码可供您查看,但MSDN链接有一些。

答案 2 :(得分:0)

我的回答是对Archimed的详细说明。不要犹豫,进一步询问!

<Window x:Class="Datatemplate_selector.Window1"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
Title="Window1" Height="300" Width="300"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:Datatemplate_selector">
<Window.Resources>
    <DataTemplate DataType="{x:Type local:CarDetail}">
     <Border BorderBrush="Yellow" BorderThickness="2">
        <HeaderedContentControl Margin="4" Foreground="Red">
            <HeaderedContentControl.Header>
                <Border BorderBrush="Aquamarine" BorderThickness="3">
                    <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}"/>
                </Border>
             </HeaderedContentControl.Header>
            <HeaderedContentControl.Content>
                <Border BorderBrush="CadetBlue" BorderThickness="1">
                    <TextBlock TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="{Binding Description}"/>
                </Border>
            </HeaderedContentControl.Content>
        </HeaderedContentControl>
       </Border>
    </DataTemplate>
    <DataTemplate DataType="{x:Type local:HouseDetail}">
        <HeaderedContentControl Margin="4" Foreground="Yellow" FontSize="20"
                    Header="{Binding Name}">
            <HeaderedContentControl.Content>
                <TextBlock Foreground="BurlyWood"  TextWrapping="Wrap"
                           Text="{Binding Description}"/>
            </HeaderedContentControl.Content>
        </HeaderedContentControl>
    </DataTemplate>
    <DataTemplate DataType="{x:Type local:ItemDetail}">
        <HeaderedContentControl Margin="4" Foreground="Green" FontStyle="Italic" 
                    Content="{Binding Description}"
                    Header="{Binding Name}">
        </HeaderedContentControl>
    </DataTemplate>
</Window.Resources>
<StackPanel>
    <ItemsControl ItemsSource="{Binding ItemDetails}">
        <ItemsControl.ItemsPanel>
            <ItemsPanelTemplate>
                <UniformGrid Columns="2"/>
            </ItemsPanelTemplate>
        </ItemsControl.ItemsPanel>
    </ItemsControl>
</StackPanel>

using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.Windows;

namespace Datatemplate_selector
{
   public partial class Window1 : Window
    {
        public ObservableCollection<ItemDetail> ItemDetails { get; set; }

        public Window1()
        {
            ItemDetails = new ObservableCollection<ItemDetail>
                              {
                                  new CarDetail{Name="Trabant"},
                                  new HouseDetail{Name="Taj Mahal"}
                              };
            DataContext = this;
            InitializeComponent();
        }
    }

    public class ItemDetail:DependencyObject
    {
        public string Name
        {
            get { return (string)GetValue(NameProperty); }
            set { SetValue(NameProperty, value); }
        }

        public static readonly DependencyProperty NameProperty =
            DependencyProperty.Register("Name",
            typeof(string),
            typeof(ItemDetail),
            new UIPropertyMetadata(string.Empty));

        public virtual string Description
        {
             get { return Name + " has a lot of details"; }
        }
    }

    public class CarDetail:ItemDetail
    {
        public override string Description
        {
            get { return string.Format("The car {0} has two doors and a max speed of 90 kms/hr", Name); }
        }
    }

    public class HouseDetail:ItemDetail
    {
        public override string Description
        {
            get { return string.Format("The house {0} has two doors and a backyard", Name); }
        }
    }
}

PS:我认为.Net 3不支持在泛型集合中使用继承。我很惊讶这段代码有效!