问题:在Java中编写一个回溯数据求解器,它接收一个表示拼图的文件,将其转换为矩阵,并使用递归回溯来解决它。
问题:在我的求解方法中,它将尝试解决第一个空盒子,但不会移过该盒子。
错误日志:
线程“main”java.lang.StackOverflowError中的异常 在java.util.AbstractCollection。(AbstractCollection.java:49)
在java.util.AbstractList。(AbstractList.java:59)
在java.util.ArrayList。(ArrayList.java:108)
在java.util.ArrayList。(ArrayList.java:119)
在ssolver.solve(ssolver.java:67)
在ssolver.solve(ssolver.java:83)
在ssolver.solve(ssolver.java:83)
...
方法:
public static int[][] solve(int[][]puzzle, int x, int y){
//using backtracking for brute force power of the gods(norse cause they obviously most b.a.
ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
//next for both x and y
int nextx, nexty=y;
if(x == 8){
nextx=0;
nexty=y+1;
}
else{
nextx=x++;
}
if(isSolved(puzzle))
return puzzle;
if(!(puzzle[y][x]==0))
solve(puzzle, nextx, nexty);
else{
for(int i =1; i<10; i++){
if(isTrue(puzzle, y, x, i))
list.add(i);
}
for(int i : list){
puzzle[y][x] = list.get(i);
printPuzzle(puzzle);//prints here for testing
if(isSolved(puzzle)||(x==8&&y==8));
else{
solve(puzzle, nextx, nexty);
}
}
}
return puzzle;
}
有人能指出我出错的方向吗?如果我做错了,请先提前道歉。 干杯
答案 0 :(得分:1)
StackOverflowError
表示您超出了递归深度限制。
显然,使用递归解决这个问题不是一个好主意。
使用递归来实现这样的代码更难,但是你没有任何其他选择。
中获得灵感答案 1 :(得分:0)
请注意,sudoko拼图需要大约9 * 9 = 81的深度才能发挥作用,所以这可能是一种矫枉过正。
另一个原因是你检查了所有可能的数字,因此它可能是9 ^ 9 = 387,420,489种组合。
你应该至少为拼图添加一个函数isValid,以避免运行无效的&#34;分支&#34;并深入了解他们。
为了有效地解决它,你应该使它可迭代,并为每个单元格提供你可以使用的可能数字。
here's a link解决如何解决sudoko的问题(看4号)。在为每个单元格输入所有数字之后,您所要做的就是逐步进行并根据逻辑消除数字。
仅在使用所有逻辑规则之后,使用递归方法(或迭代)。这将使您的算法比任何其他回溯算法更有效,更快。
答案 2 :(得分:0)
所使用的算法类似于用于解决八个皇后拼图的标准回溯,如下所示:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_queens_puzzle
这是Bob Carpenter(http://www.colloquial.com/carp)
提供的课程这个代码示例帮助我解决了数独游戏的回溯解决问题。 经过一番调查后,我能够重新编码以适应我的计划。
如果您在理解此代码的逻辑时遇到问题,请回复。
以下代码直接从他的源代码中复制粘贴。
/**
* The <code>Sudoku</code> class povides a static <code>main</code>
* method allowing it to be called from the command line to print the
* solution to a specified Sudoku problem.
*
* <p>The following is an example of a Sudoku problem:
*
* <pre>
* -----------------------
* | 8 | 4 2 | 6 |
* | 3 4 | | 9 1 |
* | 9 6 | | 8 4 |
* -----------------------
* | | 2 1 6 | |
* | | | |
* | | 3 5 7 | |
* -----------------------
* | 8 4 | | 7 5 |
* | 2 6 | | 1 3 |
* | 9 | 7 1 | 4 |
* -----------------------
* </pre>
*
* The goal is to fill in the missing numbers so that
* every row, column and box contains each of the numbers
* <code>1-9</code>. Here is the solution to the
* problem above:
*
* <pre>
* -----------------------
* | 1 8 7 | 4 9 2 | 5 6 3 |
* | 5 3 4 | 6 7 8 | 9 1 2 |
* | 9 6 2 | 1 3 5 | 7 8 4 |
* -----------------------
* | 4 5 8 | 2 1 6 | 3 9 7 |
* | 2 7 3 | 8 4 9 | 6 5 1 |
* | 6 1 9 | 3 5 7 | 4 2 8 |
* -----------------------
* | 8 4 1 | 9 6 3 | 2 7 5 |
* | 7 2 6 | 5 8 4 | 1 3 9 |
* | 3 9 5 | 7 2 1 | 8 4 6 |
* -----------------------
* </pre>
*
* Note that the first row <code>187492563</code> contains
* each number exactly once, as does the first column
* <code>159426873</code>, the upper-left box
* <code>187534962</code>, and every other row, column
* and box.
*
* <p>The {@link #main(String[])} method encodes a problem as an array
* of strings, with one string encoding each constraint in the problem
* in row-column-value format. Here is the problem again with
* the indices indicated:
*
* <pre>
* 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
* -----------------------
* 0 | 8 | 4 2 | 6 |
* 1 | 3 4 | | 9 1 |
* 2 | 9 6 | | 8 4 |
* -----------------------
* 3 | | 2 1 6 | |
* 4 | | | |
* 5 | | 3 5 7 | |
* -----------------------
* 6 | 8 4 | | 7 5 |
* 7 | 2 6 | | 1 3 |
* 8 | 9 | 7 1 | 4 |
* -----------------------
* </pre>
*
* The <code>8</code> in the upper left box of the puzzle is encoded
* as <code>018</code> (<code>0</code> for the row, <code>1</code> for
* the column, and <code>8</code> for the value). The <code>4</code>
* in the lower right box is encoded as <code>874</code>.
*
* <p>The full command-line invocation for the above puzzle is:
*
* <pre>
* % java -cp . Sudoku 018 034 052 076 \
* 113 124 169 171 \
* 209 216 278 284 \
* 332 341 356 \
* 533 545 557 \
* 608 614 677 685 \
* 712 726 761 773 \
* 819 837 851 874 \
* </pre>
*
* <p>See <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudoku">Wikipedia:
* Sudoku</a> for more information on Sudoku.
*
* <p>The algorithm employed is similar to the standard backtracking
* <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_queens_puzzle">eight
* queens algorithm</a>.
*
* @version 1.0
* @author <a href="http://www.colloquial.com/carp">Bob Carpenter</a>
*/
public class Sudoku2 {
/**
* Print the specified Sudoku problem and its solution. The
* problem is encoded as specified in the class documentation
* above.
*
* @param args The command-line arguments encoding the problem.
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[][] matrix = parseProblem(args);
writeMatrix(matrix);
if (solve(0,0,matrix)) // solves in place
writeMatrix(matrix);
else
System.out.println("NONE");
}
static boolean solve(int i, int j, int[][] cells) {
if (i == 9) {
i = 0;
if (++j == 9)
return true;
}
if (cells[i][j] != 0) // skip filled cells
return solve(i+1,j,cells);
for (int val = 1; val <= 9; ++val) {
if (legal(i,j,val,cells)) {
cells[i][j] = val;
if (solve(i+1,j,cells))
return true;
}
}
cells[i][j] = 0; // reset on backtrack
return false;
}
static boolean legal(int i, int j, int val, int[][] cells) {
for (int k = 0; k < 9; ++k) // row
if (val == cells[k][j])
return false;
for (int k = 0; k < 9; ++k) // col
if (val == cells[i][k])
return false;
int boxRowOffset = (i / 3)*3;
int boxColOffset = (j / 3)*3;
for (int k = 0; k < 3; ++k) // box
for (int m = 0; m < 3; ++m)
if (val == cells[boxRowOffset+k][boxColOffset+m])
return false;
return true; // no violations, so it's legal
}
static int[][] parseProblem(String[] args) {
int[][] problem = new int[9][9]; // default 0 vals
for (int n = 0; n < args.length; ++n) {
int i = Integer.parseInt(args[n].substring(0,1));
int j = Integer.parseInt(args[n].substring(1,2));
int val = Integer.parseInt(args[n].substring(2,3));
problem[i][j] = val;
}
return problem;
}
static void writeMatrix(int[][] solution) {
for (int i = 0; i < 9; ++i) {
if (i % 3 == 0)
System.out.println(" -----------------------");
for (int j = 0; j < 9; ++j) {
if (j % 3 == 0) System.out.print("| ");
System.out.print(solution[i][j] == 0
? " "
: Integer.toString(solution[i][j]));
System.out.print(' ');
}
System.out.println("|");
}
System.out.println(" -----------------------");
}
}