Question

我正在使用urllib3来对付具有自签名证书的私有服务。有没有办法让urllib3忽略证书错误并提出请求呢？

import urllib3
c = urllib3.HTTPSConnectionPool('10.0.3.168', port=9001)
c.request('GET', '/')

使用以下内容时：

import urllib3
c = urllib3.HTTPSConnectionPool('10.0.3.168', port=9001, cert_reqs='CERT_NONE')
c.request('GET', '/')

引发以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/request.py", line 67, in request
    **urlopen_kw)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/request.py", line 80, in request_encode_url
    return self.urlopen(method, url, **urlopen_kw)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 415, in urlopen
    body=body, headers=headers)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 267, in _make_request
    conn.request(method, url, **httplib_request_kw)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.3/http/client.py", line 1061, in request
    self._send_request(method, url, body, headers)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.3/http/client.py", line 1099, in _send_request
    self.endheaders(body)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.3/http/client.py", line 1057, in endheaders
    self._send_output(message_body)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.3/http/client.py", line 902, in _send_output
    self.send(msg)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.3/http/client.py", line 840, in send
    self.connect()
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 103, in connect
    match_hostname(self.sock.getpeercert(), self.host)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/packages/ssl_match_hostname/__init__.py", line 32, in match_hostname
    raise ValueError("empty or no certificate")
ValueError: empty or no certificate

使用cURL我能够从服务中获得预期的响应

$ curl -k https://10.0.3.168:9001/
Please read the documentation for API endpoints

Answer 1

请尝试以下代码：

import urllib3
c = urllib3.HTTPSConnectionPool('10.0.3.168', port=9001, cert_reqs='CERT_NONE',
                                assert_hostname=False)
c.request('GET', '/')

请参阅Setting assert_hostname to False will disable SSL hostname verification

Answer 2

我找到了解决问题的答案。 urllib3文档实际上并没有完全解释如何抑制SSL证书验证。缺少对ssl.CERT_NONE的引用。

我的代码有一个布尔值ssl_verify，以指示是否要进行SSL验证。现在的代码如下所示：

import ssl
import urllib3

#
#
#
    if (ssl_verify):
        cert_reqs = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
    else:
        cert_reqs = ssl.CERT_NONE
        urllib3.disable_warnings()

    http = urllib3.PoolManager(cert_reqs = cert_reqs)

    auth_url = f'https://{fmc_ip}/api/fmc_platform/v1/auth/generatetoken'
    type = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}

    auth = urllib3.make_headers(basic_auth=f'{username}:{password}')
    headers = { **type, **auth }

    resp = http.request('POST',
                    auth_url,
                    headers=headers,
                    timeout=10.0)

Answer 3

尝试以这种方式实现连接池：

HTTPSConnectionPool(self.host, self.port, cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_NONE)

或者这样：

HTTPSConnectionPool(self.host, self.port, cert_reqs='CERT_NONE')

来源：https://github.com/shazow/urllib3/blob/master/test/with_dummyserver/test_https.py

编辑（看到你的编辑后）：

看起来远程主机没有发送证书（可能吗？）。这是引发异常的代码（来自urllib3）：

def match_hostname(cert, hostname):
    """Verify that *cert* (in decoded format as returned by
SSLSocket.getpeercert()) matches the *hostname*. RFC 2818 rules
are mostly followed, but IP addresses are not accepted for *hostname*.

CertificateError is raised on failure. On success, the function
returns nothing.
"""
    if not cert:
        raise ValueError("empty or no certificate")

所以看起来cert为空，这意味着self.sock.getpeercert()返回一个空字符串。

Answer 4

在这个问题中，我看到了很多答案，但恕我直言，太多不必要的信息会导致混淆。

只需添加 cert_reqs='CERT_NONE' 参数

import urllib3
http = urllib3.PoolManager(cert_reqs='CERT_NONE')

使用urllib3忽略证书验证

4 个答案: