我需要从文件中读取文本,并根据读取的信息为结构赋值。
以下是文本文件的格式:
First Middle Last Address city state zip age sex tenure salary
\--------------------------------------------------------------
ADA A AGUSTA 33 BABBAGE ROAD LOVELACE GB 19569 28 F 2 350.50
ISSAC A ASIMOV 99 FICTION WAY AMHERST MA 63948 58 M 6 423.88
HUMPHRY R BOGART 71 SAM STREET HOLLYWOOD CA 48482 56 M 5 366.00
结构我必须把它读成:
typedef struct
{
char first[8], initial, last[10],
street[17], city[12], state[3];
int age, tenure, zip;
float salary;
char sex;
}Employee;
到目前为止,我使用的代码是:
void inputLine(Employee* e)
{
fscanf(pay, "%s %s %s %s %s %s %s %s %d %d %s %d %f",
e->first, &e->initial, e->last, e->street,
e->street, e->city, e->city, e->state,
&e->zip, &e->age, &e->sex, &e->tenure,
&e->salary);
}
但是当我打印每一行时,前几行很好,然后事情开始变得混乱:
TED L KOPPEL ABC WASHINGTON DC 37376 48 M 9 909.44
DAVID T LETTERMAN WNBC NEW YORK 0 0
NY 1 47 5 STEVIE R 0 0
NICKS 3 MUSIC CHICAGO 23459 38 0 0
F 8 460.88 P 76 SILLY 0 89
STREET L GB 44 2 320.50 0 12341
我也尝试过:
void inputLine(Employee* e)
{
char line[53];
fgets(line, 52, pay);
printf("%s\n", line);
fflush(stdout);
sscanf(line, "%s %s %s %s %s %s %s %s %d %d %s %d %f",
e->first, &e->initial, e->last, e->street,
e->street, e->city, e->city, e->state,
&e->zip, &e->age, &e->sex, &e->tenure,
&e->salary);
}
但是这会得到相同的结果。
代码不能在C ++中。 我正在使用Linux GNU GCC 4.8.1编译器,但我也在Mac的编译器上对它进行了测试,但它没有用。
答案 0 :(得分:5)
pay
等全局变量 - 明确定义为FILE *pay;
- 是一个坏主意,在示例代码中完全没有必要。始终测试fscanf()
及其亲属的返回值,以确保获得预期的所有数据。
但是,您的问题是%s
在第一个空格处停止,因此您在阅读地址字段时遇到了巨大的问题。您的输入也不受约束。您还尝试多次使用e->street
获取街道地址的多个字词;这是行不通的,因为第三个单词会覆盖第一个单词。
您需要以下内容:
int inputLine(FILE *fp, Employee* e)
{
if (fscanf(fp, "%7s %c %9s %16c %11c %2s %d %d %c %d %f",
e->first, &e->initial, e->last, e->street, e->city, e->state,
&e->zip, &e->age, &e->sex, &e->tenure, &e->salary) != 11)
return -1;
e->street[16] = '\0';
e->city[11] = '\0';
return 0;
}
这使用%c
来读取单个字符;它使用%16c
来读取多字街道地址,使用%11c
来读取(可能是多字)城市。它使用%7s
,%9s
和%2s
来防止其他字符串溢出。 fscanf()
调用后的分配可确保计数的%c
字符串为空终止; %16c
本身不会添加空终止符。
inputLine()
函数现在会在出现问题时返回错误指示(-1
已选中),0
表示成功。这是Unix系统调用的常见模式,但与基础scanf()
- 函数族的行为不同,如comment chux中所述。
此代码使用问题中的fscanf()
读取标准输入。它确保emp
数组也没有溢出。
#include <stdio.h>
typedef struct
{
char first[8], initial, last[10],
street[17], city[12], state[3];
int age, tenure, zip;
float salary;
char sex;
} Employee;
void dump_employee(FILE *fp, const char *tag, const Employee *e);
int inputLine(FILE *fp, Employee *e);
enum { MAXEMP = 10 };
int main(void)
{
char line[4096];
Employee emp[MAXEMP];
if (fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin) == 0 ||
fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin) == 0)
return 1;
for (int i = 0; i < MAXEMP && inputLine(stdin, &emp[i]) != 0; i++)
dump_employee(stdout, "Employee", &emp[i]);
return 0;
}
int inputLine(FILE *fp, Employee *e)
{
if (fscanf(fp, "%7s %c %9s %16c %11c %2s %d %d %c %d %f",
e->first, &e->initial, e->last, e->street, e->city, e->state,
&e->zip, &e->age, &e->sex, &e->tenure, &e->salary) != 11)
return -1;
e->street[16] = '\0';
e->city[11] = '\0';
return 0;
}
void dump_employee(FILE *fp, const char *tag, const Employee *e)
{
fprintf(fp, "%s: %-7s %c %-9s %-16s %-11s %-2s %.5d %3d %c %d %6.2f\n",
tag, e->first, e->initial, e->last, e->street, e->city, e->state,
e->zip, e->age, e->sex, e->tenure, e->salary);
}
Employee: ADA A AGUSTA 33 BABBAGE ROAD LOVELACE GB 19569 28 F 2 350.50
Employee: ISSAC A ASIMOV 99 FICTION WAY AMHERST MA 63948 58 M 6 423.88
Employee: HUMPHRY R BOGART 71 SAM STREET HOLLYWOOD CA 48482 56 M 5 366.00
此代码使用fgets()
来读取行,使用sscanf()
来转换数据。使用此版本的代码可以更容易地报告错误。
#include <stdio.h>
typedef struct
{
char first[8], initial, last[10],
street[17], city[12], state[3];
int age, tenure, zip;
float salary;
char sex;
} Employee;
void dump_employee(FILE *fp, const char *tag, const Employee *e);
int scan_employee(Employee *e, const char *line);
enum { MAXEMP = 10 };
int main(void)
{
char line[4096];
Employee emp[MAXEMP];
if (fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin) == 0 ||
fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin) == 0)
return 1;
for (int i = 0; i < MAXEMP && fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin) != 0; i++)
{
if (scan_employee(&emp[i], line) == 0)
dump_employee(stdout, "Employee", &emp[i]);
}
return 0;
}
int scan_employee(Employee *e, const char *line)
{
if (sscanf(line, "%7s %c %9s %16c %11c %2s %d %d %c %d %f",
e->first, &e->initial, e->last, e->street, e->city, e->state,
&e->zip, &e->age, &e->sex, &e->tenure, &e->salary) != 11)
return -1;
e->street[16] = '\0';
e->city[11] = '\0';
return 0;
}
void dump_employee(FILE *fp, const char *tag, const Employee *e)
{
fprintf(fp, "%s: %-7s %c %-9s %-16s %-11s %-2s %.5d %3d %c %d %6.2f\n",
tag, e->first, e->initial, e->last, e->street, e->city, e->state,
e->zip, e->age, e->sex, e->tenure, e->salary);
}
此输出与问题中的样本数据的输出相同。